The assignment involves designing and developing a self-negating robot that can remove errors and threats from a system. It requires researching various components such as Integrated circuit AT89S52 microcontroller, H-bridge motor driver, jumper wires, wheel, and gear box, and ultrasonic sensor. The robot's programming concepts include void functions for down and up pins, delay functions for robot operations, and logic implementation for left or right sensor decisions. Testing approaches involve trial and error methods to eliminate problems and develop an effective robot.