Parliamentary Sovereignty and Brexit: Impact on UK's Law Making Process
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This report discusses the concept of parliamentary sovereignty in terms of the UK and how Brexit impacted the law making process. It also explores the effects of Brexit on education, trade, and free movement of goods and services.
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Table of Contents INTRODUCTION................................................................................................................................3 MAIN BODY.......................................................................................................................................3 CONCLUSION....................................................................................................................................6 REFERENCES....................................................................................................................................6
INTRODUCTION The term 'Parliamentary Sovereignty' means that the power of administering the matters of the state is vested with the parliament of the country. Basically, this states that the parliament is the supreme power which is above all the other law making authorities. It might delegate the power to the subordinate authorities in terms of making laws on certain issues but the supremacy in this case will lie in the hands of the parliament itself. For the purpose of making laws, the parliament holds unlimited powers and no other governmental authority can override the legislations that are decided by the parliament for the country. It has the cognition to make or unmake the laws which it may thinks fit. The courts are required to interpret and observe the laws or the statutes which are sanctioned by the parliament in any regard(Thissen, et.al, 2020). The adjudicating authority cannot overshadow the acts made by the law making authority, that is the parliament. When United Kingdom get itself separated from the European Union, they acquired their control over the parliamentary authority. Earlier, when Britain was a part of the union, it was being observed that, slowly and gradually, it started overtaking the power of the parliament. This report talks about the concept of parliamentary sovereignty in terms of the UK. After exiting the union, UK is now free to exercise its powers in order to make laws. MAIN BODY The term 'Brexit' means Britain's exit from the European Union. The UKformally got separated from the EU in the year 2020, after the public voting held in the year 2016. This detachmentfromtheunionaffectedtheUnitedKingdominbothnegativeandpositive manner(Crowley, Exton and Han, 2018). But one thing is being observed from the separation that
the UK got back its control over the parliamentary functions. That means, now there will be no interference of the union in the matters of making laws for the country. The UK can now deal with the internal matters with an ease. Because, all the member states are required to follow the rules and regulations of the EU and the same happened with UK, when it was a part of the EU, they also need to follow all the norms set by the EU. The courts of the country are also bound to prefer the laws of the union over the domestic laws, which means while doing interpretation of any law related to any matter in issue, they are required to see the laws of the European Union first and apply the same to the related matter(Schmidt, 2020). Britain required certain amount of time in order to re establish itself, and for that reason there was a agreement signed by the parties that is among the union and the UK. During the transition period, which is from 31stJanuary 2020 to 31stDecember 2020, UK was not the member of the EU. In order to get back into the condition of self dependency, the UK followed the terms of the agreement in continuation till it become a democratic nation once again. After the transition period ended, UK constituted its own laws and statutes and formulated the same upon the people residing in the country. The main contention which supports the separation of the UK from the EU is parliamentary sovereignty which has took over by the union when UK was a member state. In the opinion of A.V. Dicey, parliamentary sovereignty could be defined as the superior power which holds the authority to make or struck down any law in accordance with the needs of the society. These laws are imposed as an obligation on the citizens of the country which are required to be followed by the subjects. The belief of parliamentary sovereignty was emphasized in the light of the War Damage Act 1965 and it was again accented in the case of R vs. Attorney general 2005, which stated that the parliamentary sovereignty acts as a support to the constitution of the UK. It can be said as the backbone of the fundamental laws of the country. As, the parliament drafts legislations according to the needs and changes of the society. Now, it is the ultimate duty of the state to administer the law making process in the country that is by using the process of delegation of powers, but the sole authority would be parliament(McConalogue, 2019). According to the case of Costa vs. Enel 1964, the members of the parliament submitted their views in the favour of parliamentary sovereignty. At that time also, it was made clear that if a country wants to proveits value then it is essential to hold back its independence in the matter of making laws. To establish its worth in order to stand as an independent nation, it is crucial to exercise the parliamentary sovereignty. The matter of parliamentary sovereignty was always given a great importance in the pre Brexit period and in the post Brexit transition. The European Union has started exercising its dominance over the internal matters of the country whichneeds to get controlled sooner or later. In the another case of Costa vs. Enel with Amministrazione Delle Finanze Dello Stato vs.
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Simmenthal 1978, it was stated that the European laws must be considered on the first instance than that of the constitutional laws of the member countries. In furtherance to this, according to section 1(2) of the European Communities Act 1972, the Britishgovernment cannot make any alterations in the domestic laws of the country by the procedure of delegated legislation. The case of Macarthys Limited vs. Smith, to solve the dispute between the English laws and the laws of the union, the parliament must invalidate the laws of European Union which profaned the notion and sanctioning of the domestic laws of the UK. In the case of Pickstone vs. Freeman 1989, it was stated that the English courts must consider the domestic laws over the union laws for the matter of interpretation and to carry out further observations(Bickerton, 2019). The agreement which was signed by both the parties is only for maintaining a healthy relation between the two in terms of trade and business transactions. There are various issues which has been solved related to the treaties and conventions, single market system, trading and many more. The separation affected the field of education in Britain. As, when UK was a member of the EU, the citizens of the country are allowed to approach any member country for the purposeoffindingbetterexposureandopportunityinthesectorofeducationand knowledge. But after exiting the EU, the students residing in Britain are left with less number of options regarding the choices in the sphere of education. Because the EU has provided deductions in the fees structure for the students of the other member states. The single open market which was created by the union in order to provide easy access in terms of trading and reciprocation of commercial dealings to all the states who are the members of the EU. But when Britain got separated from the EU, this easy access was automatically withdrawn from the UK. This separation has changed the perspective of trade and commerce in the UK as now, UK has to build a new image in the global market as an independent nation. There is an element of doubt which has been created in the minds of the businessmen and the investors regarding the separation. Because when UK was a part of the union, it was free from paying any kind of taxes or duties on imports and exports. There are no formalities related with licensing and government sanctioning. The separation has impacted the free movement of goods and services and the citizens of the country in the other member states. Earlier, when UK was associated with the union, there was no restriction on the migration of the English people and they are allowed to move from one country to another for the matter of education, business dealings, importing and exporting, trading, investments and many more(Dennett, 2019).
CONCLUSION The conclusion drawn from the above report is that, after the separation from the EU, the UK got back its control over the cross borders, commercial transactions, illegal immigration and the law making process of the country which can be stated as parliamentary sovereignty. The concept of parliamentary sovereignty is defined in the light of the separation of the UK from the EU. Where before that, the situation was, the EU laws prevail over the British laws. After exiting the union, the parliament was considered to be the supreme authority for the purpose of making various legislations and statutes according to the society. The report further explained that how the separation affected the education, trade and business, free movement of goods and services in the UK. REFERENCES Bickerton, C., 2019. ‘Parliamentary’,‘popular’and ‘pooled’: conflicts of sovereignty in the United Kingdom’s exit from the European Union.Journal of European Integration,41(7), pp.887-
902. Chandio, M.M. and Sah, M., 2019, October. Brexit twitter sentiment analysis: Changing opinions about brexit and uk politicians. InInternational Conference on Information, Communication and Computing Technology(pp. 1-11). Springer, Cham. Crowley, M., Exton, O. and Han, L., 2018, July. Renegotiation of trade agreements and firm exporting decisions: evidence from the impact of Brexit on UK exports. InSociety of International Economic Law (SIEL), Sixth Biennial Global Conference. Dennett, A., 2019. 5. Parliamentary sovereignty. InPublic Law Directions(pp. 99-123). Oxford University Press. McConalogue, J., 2019. The British constitution resettled? Parliamentary sovereignty after the EU Referendum.The British Journal of Politics and International Relations,21(2), pp.439- 458. Schmidt, S.K., 2020. No match made in heaven. Parliamentary sovereignty, EU over- constitutionalization and Brexit.Journal of European Public Policy,27(5), pp.779-794. Thissen, M.,et.al, 2020. The implications of Brexit for UK and EU regional competitiveness.Economic Geography,96(5), pp.397-421.