Assignment on Transient Ischemic Attack

Part – 1
Jason could experience the following chronic disease conditions based on his clinical findings
mentioned in the case scenario.
1. Chronic Atrial Fibrillation
Jason could acquire chronic atrial fibrillation in the context of his irregular heart rhythm
across the upper cardiac chambers. Indeed, atrial fibrillation could potentially elevate the risk
of patient’s TIA (Transient Ischemic Attack) recurrence and associated adverse
manifestations (Amin, Houmsse, Ishola, Tyler, & Houmsse, 2016). Atrial fibrillation’s onset,
progression, and establishment potentially elevate the patient’s hemodynamic instability that
substantiates the requirement of administering anticoagulation therapy and direct current
cardioversion. The establishment of atrial fibrillation in the presented case scenario will
necessitate the requirement of evaluating Jason’s risk of thromboembolism. Maintenance of
anticoagulation therapy will prove to be a great challenge for the treated patient because of
the medication compliance issues (Amin, et al., 2016). Jason’s atrial fibrillation will increase
the risk of left ventricular dysfunction or heart failure to a considerable extent (Qvist, et al.,
2016). Regular cardiac monitoring will, therefore, be required for maintaining the
cardiovascular functionality. Chronic atrial fibrillation will increase the healthcare cost of the
patient. Eventually, the requirement of an improved standard of care will increase the psycho-
socio-economic burden of patient’s family under the impact of financial constraints.
2. Chronic Liver Disease
Jason’s alcohol abuse pattern, obesity, and smoking addiction could lead to the development
of chronic liver diseases and resultant hepatic cirrhosis (Wiegand & Berg, 2013).
Furthermore, the compensated cirrhosis will increase the risk of clinical complications
including bleeding esophageal varices, ascites, and jaundice. Eventually, these adverse
manifestations predispose Jason in terms of acquiring hepatocellular carcinoma and
associated life-threatening manifestations. Jason will require undergoing follow-up laboratory
testing for the chronic liver disease. These tests will include transient elastography,
abdominal ultrasonography, and liver function tests. The development of a personalized
treatment plan will prove to be highly challenging because of Jason’s unwillingness to
coordinate with the medical teams. Jason will require receiving regular dosages of vitamin K
as well as fresh frozen plasma or platelets in a case of acute hemorrhage (Nusrat, Khan,
Fazili, & Madhoun, 2014). He will also experience greater predisposition towards acquiring

bacterial infections. These facts reveal Jason’s high risk of co-morbidities and mortality
following the diagnosis of chronic liver disease.
3. Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)
Jason’s excessive cigarette smoking and clinical history of pulmonary inflammation could
lead to the development of COPD and associated exacerbation (Qureshi, Sharafkhaneh, &
Hanania, 2014). COPD will substantially deteriorate Jason’s quality of life and elevate the
risk of morbidity and mortality. Jason will indeed experience the high risk of recurrent
respiratory exacerbations and increased intensity of pulmonary inflammation. The
development of COPD will substantially elevate the risk of cardiovascular disease. The
requirement of administering bronchodilators and steroids will increase the overall healthcare
burden of Jason. Jason will acquire high dependence on his family members in terms of
accomplishing his healthcare needs. This might increase his risk of Jason’s psychosocial
manifestations across the community environment. The consistent impact of COPD in Jason
will elevate his predisposition towards acquiring anxiety and depression (Almagro & Castro,
2013). The family members will eventually experience challenges in handling the disturbed
state of Jason’s mind. This might further deteriorate Jason’s communication pattern and
interpersonal relationship with his family members.
Part – 2
Jason will require improving his health-related quality of life and adherence to the
recommended pharmacotherapeutic regimen for reducing the risk of co-morbidities. The
patient will require attending educational sessions with the objective of reducing the intensity
of his smoking addiction. The administration of a healthy diet will substantially reduce
Jason’s risk of acquiring cerebral infarction (Larsson, Akesson, & Wolk, 2014). Jason will
require attending regular feedback and education sessions for action planning, healthcare goal
setting, performance improvement, decision-making regarding his chronic disease conditions
(Sakakibara, Kim, & Eng, 2017). Nurse professionals will require encouraging Jason in terms
of acquiring healthy behavior while increasing his engagement in exercise sessions and
elevate the frequency of follow-up sessions with the healthcare professionals to effectively
monitoring his health status (Damush, et al., 2016).
The administration of cognitive behavioral therapy will assist in reducing the intensity of
patient’s distress and anxiety related to medication compliance and rehabilitation
interventions (Hofmann, Asnaani, Vonk, Sawyer, & Fang, 2012). These evidence-based

interventions will improve Jason’s quality of life while minimizing the risk of hypertension
and cardiovascular manifestations. Daily exercise will substantially improve his pulmonary
capacity, thereby reducing the requirement of undertaking pulmonary rehabilitation sessions.
The utilization of dash diet will effectively reduce Jason’s predisposition towards acquiring
stroke manifestations or TIA relapse. The dash diet will indeed be rich in antioxidants,
minerals, vitamins, nutrients, and fibers (Onvani, Haghighatdoost, & Azadbakht, 2015).
Jason will require undertaking stroke risk screening and pulmonary assessment sessions with
the objective of monitoring his risk of acquiring a cerebrovascular accident and pulmonary
diseases. Jason will be encouraged to keep a record of his vitals (including blood pressure and
respiratory rate) for the regular assessment of his cardiorespiratory functionality.
Jason will require undertaking the aerobic exercise in the context of increasing the strength
and flexibility of his knee joint muscles. The interdisciplinary professionals will require
assisting Jason for attending resistance exercise training sessions in the context of elevating
the level of his physical function and activities of daily living. The blend of dietary and
exercise approaches will help Jason in controlling the knee pain pattern while concomitantly
minimizing the intensity of his psychosocial complications. This will also reduce the need for
prolonged knee-pain-based self-medication. Jason will also require attending various
awareness sessions while subjectively answering a set of eligibility questionnaires to improve
the pattern of self-awareness regarding his chronic disease manifestations and associated
adversities.
The self-awareness and feedback sessions will improve problem-solving skills of Jason and
improve his communication skills to a considerable extent. Eventually, Jason will be inclined
to undertake shared decision-making with the treating practitioner and nurse professional.
Jason will also need to undertake various physical fitness tests including handgrip test,
standing balance test, chair sit and reach test, backstretch test and six-meter test, and six-
minute walking test in coordination with the healthcare professionals. This will assist him in
determining his hand strength, balance, gait speed, extremity flexibility, mobility, functional
strength and aerobic capacity (Marconcin, Espanha, Yázigi, & Campos, 2016). The eventual
improvement in patient’s anxiety, pain, personal care activities and mobility will be
indicative of substantial enhancement of his disease self-management skills.