Pathophysiology for Healthcare

Pathophysiology for
Healthcare

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Table of Contents
Introduction......................................................................................................................................2
Altered Physiology..........................................................................................................................2
Biological Risk Factors................................................................................................................2
Altered physiology across life stages..........................................................................................5
Care delivery....................................................................................................................................7
Oxygen.........................................................................................................................................7
Antiemetic and analgesia.............................................................................................................8
Nitrates.........................................................................................................................................8
Aspirin.........................................................................................................................................9
Thrombolysis...............................................................................................................................9
Primary angioplasty...................................................................................................................10
Heparin......................................................................................................................................11
Beta-adrenoceptor blockers.......................................................................................................11
Conclusion.....................................................................................................................................11
Reference List................................................................................................................................13
Appendices....................................................................................................................................15

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Introduction
There are several risk factors which contribute towards the occurrence of diabetes. Genetic
reasons and inaccurate maintenance of the entire body are considered to be two of the vital
factors that contribute to diabetes. This paper will help in evaluating a case scenario where a
person named George Alexander is suffering from type 2 diabetes, and gene from his parents are
considered as one of several reasons towards the occurrence of diabetes. Moreover, the paper
will also reflect other risk factors which contribute towards cardiovascular diseases. The chances
of heart failure and stroke are two vital factors that can be caused due to diabetes. The paper will
comprise o discussion of the risk management by the health care professional for a particular
patent. On the other hand, the concept of altered physiology and status of health throughout
different stages of life will be analyzed.
Altered Physiology
Biological Risk Factors
The scenario reveals the fact that the patient is a retired worker who was working in a particular
factory throughout his lifespan. The patient has type 2 diabetes, and his age is considered to be
60 years old. Moreover, after the identification of the disease, he has made a diet plan for
himself. But, the issues related to the health and occurrence of diabetes are still found being
linked to the recent changes within its body functions. One of the reasons for this could be
having around 20 cigarettes per day and beer at night by him. Altered physiology comes into
play when various functions inside the body go wrong. Type 2 diabetes is also followed by
various diseases if proper diet is not followed by the concerned person. This disease is known as
the heterogeneous syndrome, and it occurs because of the present abnormalities that remain
within the fat metabolism as well as in carbohydrates. It has been seen that it also fails the kidney
or heart, and it varies from person to person. One of the crucial reasons is the improper
maintaining of a healthy diet, which significantly affects the health condition of the concerned
patients (Chatterjee, Khunti and Davies, 2017). Since the patient had type 2 diabetes, so there
was a crucial requirement to provided proper medication to him. With the help of altered

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physiology, the professional health care should maintain the various glucose levels for the first
couple of hours as this will help to enhance the health condition of the patient.
Figure 1: Biological risk factors
(Source: Self-Created)
The BMI refers to the body mass index, and it is more than normal of the concerned patient. The
normal range is 20, but the patients are 34, which needs to be reduced to the normal. It needs to
be understood that the abdominal fat should be properly countered with lower density
‘lipoprotein cholesterol'. The primacy of the concerned management team should be to maintain
the health measures as per a normal person. The level of the blood pressure was effectively
determined to be 105/60 mm/Hg. So, there is no need to do anything with the blood pressure as it
normal for the patient. The case reveals about the cardiovascular disease that George Alexander
was suffering from. The desired changes that have been made in the area of altered physiology
evaluates the idea concerning the biological risk factors (Fuchsberger et al., 2016).
Furthermore, it can be noted that the patient was suffering from diabetes of type 2, and the risk
factors were considered to be the abdominal fat and the higher amount of body mass. It becomes
the primary responsibility of the management team to monitor the health condition of the patient
Biological
Risk Factors
Modification
Proper diet
Excersise
Non-
modification Genetically