PCAL Workshop for 401210: Health Variations 3

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Running head: PCAL Workshop for 401210: Health Variations 3
PCAL Workshop for 401210: Health Variations 3
Concept Map and Guided question response
Assessment 2

PCAL Workshop for 401210: Health Variations 3
Table of Contents
Introduction......................................................................................................................................3
Concept map....................................................................................................................................3
Guided question response................................................................................................................4
Answer 1......................................................................................................................................4
Answer 2......................................................................................................................................5
Answer 3......................................................................................................................................6
Conclusion.......................................................................................................................................7
References........................................................................................................................................8
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PCAL Workshop for 401210: Health Variations 3
Introduction
In this age, the intensity of disorders are increasing at a rapid pace within the individual and due
to this, the death rate is augmenting significantly. Among many others, the most noteworthy ones
are respiratory infections or asthama that results in stress and varied allergic symptoms and many
others. Therefore, to minimise these aspects, proper treatment need to be used by the patients.
Concept map
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It is formerly known as status asthmaticus which is defined
as severe asthma that does not include response to repeated
courses of beta-agonist therapy including inhaled
subcutaneous epinephrine, albuterol or levalbuterol.
Airway limitation manifests as life-threatening.
Acute Severe Asthma
Diagnosis
Non-acuteAcute
Moderate/ Mild Life-threatening or Severe
-Test of patients
for analyzing
breathing.
- Analyzing the
symptoms
-Kinds of treatment
had on past
-Number of breaths
per minute
-Amount of oxygen
and carbon dioxide in
the blood
-X-ray to analyze
lung infections
Cause of the Disease
Constant monitoring,
observing the triggers,
communication with the
patient about the situation,
medication
Prevention
Smoking, air pollution,
respiratory infections, cold
weather, severe stress, exposure
to irritants or chemicals
Remission rates are low
based on milder cases, risk
increases to smokers, a
risk of death
Prognosis
Aetiology
Non-atopicAtopic
-IgE response
to
environmental
antigen
critically
ingested or
inhaled
-Respiratory
infections
-Severe stress
-Smoking
-Severe
allergic
reactions
Treatment
Nursing & non-
pharmacotherapy
Pharmacotherapy
-Effective care of the
patient
-Constant monitoring
of breathing
-Dietary
recommendations
-Oxygenation for
SaO2 less than 92%
- Oral, inhaled or
injected
corticosteroids to
reduce inflammation
- Higher doses of
inhaled support
-Bronchodilators
-Bronchodilator
-Anticholinergic
such as Ipratropium
bromide
-An anti-
inflammatory such
as magnesium
sulfate
Pathogenesis
Trigger exposure to viral
respiratory infections
Defective anti-viral
immunity
Allergic reaction
Chronic Inflammation
Permanent structural
changes due to allergen
exposure
-A diameter of the
airway for
breathing
-Reaction to
therapies

PCAL Workshop for 401210: Health Variations 3
Guided question response
Answer 1
Acute severe asthma triggers from viral respiratory infections, nonadherence to therapies,
smoking, exposure to allergens and other drugs. However, based on the situation of Jackson
significant assumptions can be established due to the cause of his attack through his clinical
manifestations. The pathogenesis that is causing the clinical manifestations as presented in the
case of Jackson Smith is highly critical. The symptoms that have been observed in Jackson
includes severe dyspnoea, lower respiratory rate, lower blood pressure rate, lower pulse rate as
well as auscultation of lungs that highly inflated. There is a huge possibility that the causes of
dyspnoea initiated form the allergens primarily originated in the cardiac or respiratory region,
(Edmonds et al. 2012). Also, based on the medical history of Jackson it has been analyzed that
he was diagnosed with severe acute asthma at the age of 2 which states that the inflammation of
such critical manifestations initiated at that age. On the other hand, the viral respiratory
infections including bronchoconstriction can be a significant cause of such manifestations.
Furthermore, the narrowing down of airway due to muscle contraction in response to exposure of
stimuli incorporating irritants or allergens could its primary cause. Later the pathogenic process
initiated with the lower respiratory rate of 32 breaths per minute. This is the reason behind the
inability to speak sentences in one breath along with severe dyspnoea case due to allergens,
(Farah et al. 2012). The lower blood pressure of 150/85 mmHg is also caused due to
lymphocytes due to development of airway inflammation caused by overproduction of IgE based
on the increased production of eosinophils which critically suppressed the breathing. Also, this
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