This paper explores the debate surrounding the most crucial element for organizational success: people or non-people factors. It examines the arguments for both sides, highlighting the importance of employee satisfaction, performance management, customer service, and product quality. The paper also delves into the significance of information systems, technology, and organizational structure in achieving organizational goals. Ultimately, it concludes that while non-people factors play a vital role, people remain the most critical element, as they are responsible for driving innovation, customer satisfaction, and overall organizational performance.