Persuasive Technology in Health Sector Analysis

This assignment examines two research papers exploring the effectiveness of persuasive technology in promoting health. The first paper delves into the Nike Health Band, highlighting its self-monitoring features and social sharing aspects. The second paper investigates a 'health bar' display that subtly reminds users to take breaks, demonstrating its persuasive influence on behavior. The analysis covers the design principles, user experiences, and long-term implications of these technologies.

Running head: INTRODUCTION TO RESERCH
INTRODUCTION TO RESERCH
Name of Student
Name of University
Author’s Note
Contents

1INTRODUCTION TO RESERCH
1.1 Broad Scan.................................................................................................................................3
1.1.1 Research journal.................................................................................................................3
1.1.2 Filling System.....................................................................................................................4
1.1.3 Bibliographic file from broad scan.........................................................................................5
1.2 Focused Review.........................................................................................................................5
1.2.1 Updated Filing System.......................................................................................................5
1.3 Selected Paper 1.........................................................................................................................5
1.3.1 The Behavioral change to support the persuasiveness approach............................................6
1.3.2 Background.........................................................................................................................6
1.3.3 Social effects and sharing of data.......................................................................................8
1.3.4 Consideration of such health gadgets.................................................................................9
1.4 Selected paper 2.........................................................................................................................9
1.4.3 The user study of the health bar........................................................................................12
1.4.4 The analysis of the health bar as persuasive technology..................................................12
1.5 Conclusion...............................................................................................................................12
1.6 Introduction..............................................................................................................................13

2INTRODUCTION TO RESERCH
LIST OF THE FIGURES
Figure 1: The Health Band of the Nike Company..........................................................................7
Figure 2: The Result from the Survey.............................................................................................8
Figure 3: The health bar which is installed below the monitor.....................................................11
Figure 4: Health bar at 50 percent charge......................................................................................11
Figure 5: Health bat at 25 percent charge......................................................................................11

3INTRODUCTION TO RESERCH

4INTRODUCTION TO RESERCH
List of the tables
Table 1: The research journal…………………………………………………………….............6
Table 2: the filing system................................................................................................................7

5INTRODUCTION TO RESERCH
Literature Review
The following assignment is analysis of the two research paper which discusses about the effect
of the persuasive technology in the health sector. Persuasive technology has been designed in
keeping the mind of the human behavior. The behavior of the human changes from one person to
another so the persuasive technology equipment has been designed to change the opinion of the
person through the persuasion and the surrounding influence not forcibly. The firs tpaer focuses
in the usage of the health wrist band while the second paper focuses upon application of the
health bar.

6INTRODUCTION TO RESERCH
1.1 Broad Scan
In the broad scan the topic is selected and searched on the internet through various keywords.
The search platform includes google scholar, VU library and IEEE. There are many literature
papers were found out of which two are taken in this document for analysis.
1.1.1 Research journal
Date Task Action Comment
Please Fill Searched the topic Chose some topics Selected one topic
Find papers on
different sources like,
scholar
Read them and save
few of them
Made the folder to
save related work for
collection.
Literature reading Read two papers
from collection
Found Good topic for
follow up
Literature Reading Read two more
papers
Not very correlated
with my research.
Discard them.
Select 4 final
documents
Read all of them one
by one
Select final two for
reviewing
Start assignment Started with citation
of sources and
bibliography
Inserted the citations
related my work
Start up to reviewing
the first paper
Read all the paper
thrice
Put some comments
or lines in my
literature review
section.
Reading of paper Made notes of
important theories or
Put them on paper in

7INTRODUCTION TO RESERCH
invention my own words.
Review of second
paper
Read all the paper Picked some of their
important work and
reviewed on my
document
Writing Wrote down the two
papers
Fill all the fields and
prepared the
assignment
Table 1: The research journal
1.1.2 Filling System
Source Keywords No. of returned literature No. collected literature
Google Scholar Persuasive
Persuasive health
132,000
47,000
4
2
VU Library Persuasive technology to
improve well-being
10,500 3
IEEE Persuasive Health
Technology for Human
Well-Being
50,674 5
Google Scholar Health technology issues 106,500 5

8INTRODUCTION TO RESERCH
Table 2: the filing system
1.1.3 Bibliographic file from broad scan
Azar, K.M., Lesser, L.I., Laing, B.Y., Stephens, J., Aurora, M.S., Burke, L.E. and Palaniappan,
L.P., 2013. Mobile applications for weight management: theory-based content
analysis. American journal of preventive medicine, 45(5), pp.583-589.
Berkowitz, E.N., 2016. Essentials of health care marketing. Jones & Bartlett Publishers.
Dixon-Woods, M., McNicol, S. and Martin, G., 2012. Ten challenges in improving quality in
healthcare: lessons from the Health Foundation's programme evaluations and relevant
literature. BMJ Qual Saf, pp.bmjqs-2011.
Fritz, T., Huang, E.M., Murphy, G.C. and Zimmermann, T., 2014, April. Persuasive technology
in the real world: a study of long-term use of activity sensing devices for fitness. In Proceedings
of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (pp. 487-496). ACM.
GK, R. and Baskaran, K., 2012. A survey on futuristic health care system: WBANs. Procedia
Engineering, 30, pp.889-896.
Klasnja, P. and Pratt, W., 2012. Healthcare in the pocket: mapping the space of mobile-phone
health interventions. Journal of biomedical informatics, 45(1), pp.184-198.
Li, C.Y., 2013. Persuasive messages on information system acceptance: A theoretical extension
of elaboration likelihood model and social influence theory. Computers in Human
Behavior, 29(1), pp.264-275.

9INTRODUCTION TO RESERCH
Mateevitsi, V., Reda, K., Leigh, J. and Johnson, A., 2014, March. The health bar: a persuasive
ambient display to improve the office worker's well being. In Proceedings of the 5th Augmented
Human International Conference (p. 21). ACM.
Mintz, J., 2013. Additional key factors mediating the use of a mobile technology tool designed to
develop social and life skills in children with Autism Spectrum Disorders: Evaluation of the 2nd
HANDS prototype. Computers & Education, 63, pp.17-27.
O'brien, T., Troutman-Jordan, M., Hathaway, D., Armstrong, S. and Moore, M., 2015.
Acceptability of wristband activity trackers among community dwelling older adults. Geriatric
Nursing, 36(2), pp.S21-S25.
Orji, R., Mandryk, R.L. and Vassileva, J., 2015, June. Gender, age, and responsiveness to
Cialdini’s persuasion strategies. In International Conference on Persuasive Technology (pp. 147-
159). Springer, Cham.
Patil, V., Varma, N., Vinchurkar, S. and Patil, B., 2014, December. NFC based health
monitoring and controlling system. In Wireless Computing and Networking (GCWCN), 2014
IEEE Global Conference on (pp. 133-137). IEEE.
Shortliffe, E.H. and Cimino, J.J. eds., 2013. Biomedical informatics: computer applications in
health care and biomedicine. Springer Science & Business Media.
Yoganathan, D. and Kajanan, S., 2013. Persuasive Technology for Smartphone Fitness Apps.
In PACIS (p. 185).

10INTRODUCTION TO RESERCH
1.2 Focused Review
1. Fritz, T., Huang, E.M., Murphy, G.C. and Zimmermann, T., 2014, April. Persuasive
technology in the real world: a study of long-term use of activity sensing devices for
fitness. In Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing
Systems (pp. 487-496). ACM.
2. Mateevitsi, V., Reda, K., Leigh, J. and Johnson, A., 2014, March. The health bar: a
persuasive ambient display to improve the office worker's well being. In Proceedings of
the 5th Augmented Human International Conference (p. 21). ACM.
1.2.1 Updated Filing System
The following table contains the updated filing system.
Source Keywords No. of returned literature No. collected literature
Google Scholar Persuasive
Persuasive health for
human
32,000
27,000
2
2
VU Library Persuasive technology to
improve well-being
4,500 3
IEEE Persuasive Health 50,674 3

11INTRODUCTION TO RESERCH
Technology for Human
Well-Being
Google Scholar Health technology issues 6,532 2
1.3 Selected Paper 1
Fritz, T., Huang, E.M., Murphy, G.C. and Zimmermann, T., 2014, April. Persuasive
technology in the real world: a study of long-term use of activity sensing devices for fitness. In
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (pp. 487-496).
ACM.
1.3.1 The Behavioral change to support the persuasiveness approach
Persuasive technology has been designed in keeping the mind of the human behavior.
The behavior of the human changes from one person to another so the persuasive technology
equipment has been designed to change the opinion of the person through the persuasion and the
surrounding influence not forcibly (Azar et al 2013). The following research is focused on the
persuasive technology in the health sector for the human well beings. To find the solution for the
problems in the health sector various experiments has been conducted. In the section 1.3.1 the
background of the persuasive technology especially in the health sector has been described to
have a brief knowledge of the topic.
1.3.2 Background
The usage of the persuasive technology has been increasing especially in the health field
to improve the health and fitness of the human beings (Berkowitz 2016). Various products such
as the health fitness band and the sensors has been developed by the company to track and

12INTRODUCTION TO RESERCH
monitor the information such as the blood pressure, calorie, weight and various other health
related factors. the persuasive technology can be achieved in various ways in the heath field. As
discussed by the author one of the process of the persuasive technology is through the self
conditioning and self monitoring.
Figure 1: The Health Band of the Nike Company
Self monitoring is one of the best persuasive technologies in the health sector field (Fritz
et al 2014). The health band developed by the Nike Company is the best example of the
persuasive technology in the health band as it offers self monitoring system.
1.3.2 PARTICIPANTS AND METHODS
To understand the effects and influence of the health related gadgets in the persuasive
technology a survey was conducted of among 30 participants of various countries North America
and Europe and Asia who are using the health gadgets for at least three months. The interview
was conducted about how well they are using these health gadgets in their daily life for
monitoring the health (Mateevitsi et al 2014). The survey resulted that the most of the user has
been using these devices in their daily life and has string attachments to the device. Various

13INTRODUCTION TO RESERCH
participants reported that they has immediate impact on the life due to the devices and they were
more health conscious about their body (Fritz et al 2014). The below table show the results from
the survey on the people.

14INTRODUCTION TO RESERCH
Figure 2: The Result from the Survey
1.3.3 Social effects and sharing of data
The health gadgets are supports with the feature of sharing of data on the social media so
that the user can share their health data and can also view other shared data (Shortliffe and
Cimino 2013). This will help then to compare the data and will provide them the motivation if
they are lacking behind. The company is also offering certain rewards and prizes for the person
who excels in the all sections (Dixon-Woods, McNicol and Martin 2012). Thus this will act as
motivation to achieve the target. Therefore the company is making effective use of the
persuasive technology gadgets to improve the health sector.
1.3.4 Consideration of such health gadgets
The above survey implies the health gadgets have made huge impact on the heath on the
human beings by the methods of the persuasive technology. Some of the considerations related
to the usage of these gadgets:
For the long-term support: the main consideration of the persuasive technology will the
technology will last for long or some other technology will take its place”. For instance the
health band which is discussed above will it last for long time or people will move to other
technology to monitor their data. if the technology have to last long it should be regularly
updated.
Supporting the identification and evolution of appropriate social networks: The
persuasive technology gadget has encouraged the user to use the social media to share their data
so that it can act as the motivation (GK and Baskaran 2012). However the major challenge arises
to find the right people on the social media to share the data and gain motivation. Therefore the

15INTRODUCTION TO RESERCH
technology should help the user to find the right community to share their data. It can be done by
monitoring the persons activity and accordingly suggest the right group for him.
1.4 Selected paper 2
Mateevitsi, V., Reda, K., Leigh, J. and Johnson, A., 2014, March. The health bar: a persuasive
ambient display to improve the office worker's well being. In Proceedings of the 5th Augmented
Human International Conference (p. 21). ACM.
1.4.1 Overview
This paper focuses on the health risk of the people who are working in the office and its
impact. Various studies has presented the health risk due to the prolonged sitting in front of the
computer (Klasnja and Pratt 2012). A short walk or standing at regular interval will minimize the
risk but the employees lacks the motivation, moreover these activities are so small that often it is
ignored thus making it difficult to follow. Therefore a new type of technology especially in the
persuasive field has to be designed so that the employee can get the motivation and understand
the health risk they are facing. Therefore to solve the dilemma “HealthBar” a persuasive ambient
display has been developed to monitor the health risk of the employees.
1.4.2 Health Bar (HB)
The heath bar is a persuasive ambient display which is designed to reflect the employee’s
health status. The health bar is tube which is made t display the status of the user health through
different colors (Mintz 2013). The two main colors in the tube is green and red. The color of the
tube changes from green to red depending on the time the user is spending time in front of the
computer without taking any break. Initially the tube shows the green color as the user sit in front

16INTRODUCTION TO RESERCH
of the user as the time progresses the tube start to change its color and when the tube finally
changes to the red color it indicates the user has spend enough time on the computer and he
needs break (O'brien et al 2014).
Figure 3: The health bar which is installed below the monitor
The battery will show complete red after the 45 minutes which means that on an average
the employee should take a short walk or break after every 45 minutes. The bar is an approx of
four inches and if the user does not take the break it will start pulsing every 5 minutes to remind
the user he has to take the break (Yoganathan and Kajanan 2013).
Figure 4: Health bar at 50 percent charge

17INTRODUCTION TO RESERCH
Figure 5: Health bat at 25 percent charge
If the user takes the break the bar will start to recharge on its own and it will get
completely charged in five minutes which means the employee is advised to take a five minute
break after which he can resume his work (Patil et al 2014).
1.4.3 The user study of the health bar
The usage of the health bar has been conducted out through the survey. All the people
reported that the color was simple and easy to decode. Three people reported that the health bar
was not distraction at all. Six people reported that the health bar made them more conscious
about their health and followed the health bar. The survey on whether to continue using the
health bar all the people responded positively.
1.4.4 The analysis of the health bar as persuasive technology
The health bar is a best example of the persuasive technology. In the health bar people
were not forced to focus on their health status it was done voluntarily with the help of the healt
bar. The health bar just reminded the people when to take the break which it was difficult earlier
as they were unable to follow the time. The red light in the health bar made them aware about
their health status and motivated them to pay attention on their health.
1.5 Conclusion
It can be concluded from both research papers that the persuasive technology is
the best way to motivate the people for some task be it health wrist or the health bar both have
proved to be successful in making the people aware about the health status. Self monitoring is
one of the best persuasive technologies in the health sector field. The health band developed by
the Nike Company is the best example of the persuasive technology in the health band as it

18INTRODUCTION TO RESERCH
offers self monitoring system. The health gadgets are supports with the feature of sharing of data
on the social media so that the user can share their health data and can also view other shared
data. This will help then to compare the data and will provide them the motivation if they are
lacking behind. Whereas the health bar is persuasive ambient display which is designed to reflect
the employee’s health status. The first paper also provide the consideration related to the usage
of the persuasive technology the long-term support and Supporting the identification and
evolution of appropriate social network which analyses whtehther the persuasive technology can
be depended upon in the long run.
1.6 Introduction
The following assignment is analysis of the two research paper which discusses about the
effect of the persuasive technology in the health sector. Persuasive technology has been designed
in keeping the mind of the human behavior. The behavior of the human changes from one person
to another so the persuasive technology equipment has been designed to change the opinion of
the person through the persuasion and the surrounding influence not forcibly. The first paper
focuses in the usage of the health wrist band while the second paper focuses upon application of
the health bar.