Planning and Designing International Development Education
Added on 2021-04-24
12 Pages2877 Words49 Views
Leadership ManagementK12Political Science
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PLANNING AND DESIGNING INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENTALEDUCATIONAL PROJECTSName:Course:
1IntroductionProject management in development is a social construct that evolves with time. Over the last decades, the US contributed to many megaprojects, including, the NASA andUS military–industrial complex that were completed in association with different countries. These projects assisted in developing methodologies in almost all sectors and assisted in project management knowledge spread. Extensions of project management added Project Stakeholder Management area in 2013. The UK has also focused on the management of multiple projects and public projects. On the international level, the project team has to adapt to the international and local context in which the project operates1.Project management takes place when organizations engage in a temporary activity oftesting the introduction of a new idea, opportunity and evaluate its advantage to the organization. Any project has a time limit and it focuses on the generation of outcomes represented in products and services. Project management provides the best practices to enhance the competitiveness of the organization when introducing a new opportunity2.1.Background Research1.1 Project managementThe international development projects are meant with the all of the sectors that project management could be applied within whether they are stand-alone projects or an integrated part of a developmental program. It is important to deliver goods and services in every poor country in the world to be directed to the public use within all sorts of 1Lavagnon Ika and Damian Hodgson, "Learning from internationaldevelopment projects: Blending Critical Project Studies and CriticalDevelopment Studies,"International Journal of Project Management 32(2014), 3-4.2Pamela, McClinton, Project Management Methodologies: A Review of theLiterature (Virginia: Liberty University), 3-4.
2developmental activities, including education, health, infrastructure, food, energy, agriculture, social reform and environment. All of the projects directed to developmental activities share common characteristics, as they are temporary, multidisciplinary, unique and limited. All of them are developed within a lifecycle with cost and time constraints, certain tools are required for the project implementation. Accordingly, the international developmentprojects are public projects that in most cases have intangible and complex objectives and outcomes. It involves many stakeholders with conflicting expectations and political interferences, Including, strategic misinformation about risks, costs and benefits3.1.2 Theory of project managementThe theory of project management mainly consists of concepts and relationships that causally relate these concepts. The theory reveals the way actions lead to the desired goal, three possible actions could take place, including, systems design, systems control and system improvements. Any project has three goals, first, to produce the intended products, second, to minimize cost and the utilization levels, and third, to maintain the external goals related to the customers as maintaining flexibility and quality assurance. The project management explicit theory would serve many functions. It could explain the observed behavior and predicts it. Also, the analysis tools could be built upon the theory. Moreover, sharing the theory introduces a common language to people undertaking the same project. In addition, the innovative practices could be transferred and applied in different conditions, which enables knowledge sharing and learning. Based on this analysis, project management processes consist of sequential steps, including; initiating, planning, execution, controlling and closing Processes4. 3Ika, "Learning from international development projects,"5-6.4Lauri Koskela and Gregory Howell, "The Underlying Theory of ProjectManagement is Obsolete 2-3" (Proceedings of the PMI ResearchConference, Washington, June 2002).
31.3 The community builder’s approachWhen it comes to a community group, the community builder’s approach could be used in critical thinking to implement the required social changes and achieve the desired goals. This process shows how the complex initiative of social change is likely to act over time, as it could illustrate the various moving parts to achieve the desired outcomes in a concrete way. Stakeholders have to be precise about the nature of the change they want to achieve. The change project outcomes should be exactly predicted to decide what is going to change within the required time frame. A common long-term goal should be clearly understood by the stakeholders. The pathway of change is a map to show the expected relationship between the change actions and the outcomes and the relationships among the outcomes as well5. The indicators reveal the success of each implemented step within the project pathway of change. Each outcome has its related indicators that should be determined by the pathway of change. Indicators should be defined in details, which require a good description of the targeted population of change, the required degree of change to achieve the desired outcomes and the allocated time to achieve the goals of change. A clear description ofthe details of each indicator allows for tracking the progress of the change implementation and assures the application of the theory of change6. 2.Project planning2.1 The political assessment5Andrea Anderson, The Community Builder’s Approach to Theory of Change: A PracticalGuide to Theory Development (New York: The Aspen Institute Roundtable on CommunityChange, 2009), 6.6Anderson, The Community Builder’s Approach to Theory of Change, 8.
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