Planning for Growth: A Case Study of Norsk European Wholesale Ltd. in China
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AI Summary
This project examines the growth planning strategies of Norsk European Wholesale Ltd., a UK-based company, as it expands its transportation and logistics business into the Chinese market. The analysis delves into key considerations for evaluating growth opportunities, utilizing Porter's Generic Strategies and PESTEL analysis. Ansoff's growth vector matrix is applied to evaluate potential growth options, and various sources of funding are discussed, including their benefits and drawbacks. A comprehensive business plan is designed, outlining financial information and strategic objectives for scaling up the business in China. Finally, the project explores exit and succession options for the company, highlighting the advantages and disadvantages of each approach. This case study provides valuable insights into the challenges and opportunities associated with international business expansion and the importance of strategic planning for sustainable growth.
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Planning for growth
1
Planning for growth
1
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Table of Contents
Introduction:...............................................................................................................................3
LO1:...........................................................................................................................................4
LO2:.........................................................................................................................................10
LO3..........................................................................................................................................14
LO4:.........................................................................................................................................17
Conclusion:..............................................................................................................................22
Reference:................................................................................................................................23
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Table of Contents
Introduction:...............................................................................................................................3
LO1:...........................................................................................................................................4
LO2:.........................................................................................................................................10
LO3..........................................................................................................................................14
LO4:.........................................................................................................................................17
Conclusion:..............................................................................................................................22
Reference:................................................................................................................................23
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Introduction:
Planning for growth of a business is very important in a small and medium business. Norsk
European Wholesale Ltd, the UK based company will be taken here for example. In this
scenario the company is going to introduce its new transportation business in China. Various
marketing tools are done here for determining the strengths and weaknesses of the company.
Various sources of funds are highlighted here for starting up of the business of the company.
The competitive market strategies and the exit strategies will also be highlighted in this
project.
3
Introduction:
Planning for growth of a business is very important in a small and medium business. Norsk
European Wholesale Ltd, the UK based company will be taken here for example. In this
scenario the company is going to introduce its new transportation business in China. Various
marketing tools are done here for determining the strengths and weaknesses of the company.
Various sources of funds are highlighted here for starting up of the business of the company.
The competitive market strategies and the exit strategies will also be highlighted in this
project.
3
4
LO1:
Key considerations for growth options
P1:Analyze key considerations for evaluating growth opportunities and justify these
considerations within an organizational context
Norsk European Wholesale Ltd, a UK based company is going to introduce its transportation,
logistics and wholesale business in China. The company will offer express delivery to the
customers, warehousing and storage services to the customers. The following are some
business strategies of expanding its business in China:
Porter’s Generic Strategies
Porter’s Generic Strategies were discovered by Michael Porter in the year 1985. This tool is
used to determine the direction of an organization (Tansey et al., 2014). There are four
strategies under this tool. They are cost leadership, differentiation, cost focus and
differentiation of focus. The following is the Porter’s Generic strategies of Norsk European
Wholesale Ltd:
Cost leadership: In this strategy, Norsk European will target a broad market and will keep
the price at the lowest possible. The company will either keep its price as much as possible or
it will have a larger market share. In this way, the company will keep its cost as low as
possible.
Differentiation: This is the step in which Norsk European Whole Ltd. will have its unique
service of transportation in the market (D. Banker et al., 2014). Through this strategy, Norsk
European will make its service unique in the market and make the products attractive to its
customers.
Cost focus: In this step, Norsk European will target a niche market in China and then will
offer the service to the customers at the lowest price.
Differentiation focus: In this step, Norsk European will target a niche market in China and
represent its excellent service in the market to attract a large number of customers. This
strategy will increase a strong brand among the customers in the market.
4
LO1:
Key considerations for growth options
P1:Analyze key considerations for evaluating growth opportunities and justify these
considerations within an organizational context
Norsk European Wholesale Ltd, a UK based company is going to introduce its transportation,
logistics and wholesale business in China. The company will offer express delivery to the
customers, warehousing and storage services to the customers. The following are some
business strategies of expanding its business in China:
Porter’s Generic Strategies
Porter’s Generic Strategies were discovered by Michael Porter in the year 1985. This tool is
used to determine the direction of an organization (Tansey et al., 2014). There are four
strategies under this tool. They are cost leadership, differentiation, cost focus and
differentiation of focus. The following is the Porter’s Generic strategies of Norsk European
Wholesale Ltd:
Cost leadership: In this strategy, Norsk European will target a broad market and will keep
the price at the lowest possible. The company will either keep its price as much as possible or
it will have a larger market share. In this way, the company will keep its cost as low as
possible.
Differentiation: This is the step in which Norsk European Whole Ltd. will have its unique
service of transportation in the market (D. Banker et al., 2014). Through this strategy, Norsk
European will make its service unique in the market and make the products attractive to its
customers.
Cost focus: In this step, Norsk European will target a niche market in China and then will
offer the service to the customers at the lowest price.
Differentiation focus: In this step, Norsk European will target a niche market in China and
represent its excellent service in the market to attract a large number of customers. This
strategy will increase a strong brand among the customers in the market.
4
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Analysis: In this case, the best strategy is the ‘Differentiation focus’ for Norsk European.
The company is going to introduce its new business in China and hence, through this
strategy, the company will first capture a niche market with its product differentiation at a
moderate price and thus, it will gain competitive advantages. This will be the capability and
core competency of the company.
PESTEL analysis
The following is the PESTEL analysis for the new business of Norsk European Wholesale
Ltd to identify the macro changes for its transportation and logistics business in China:
Political: Negative:
The political rules and regulations by
China government have created many
barriers in the path of the new
entrepreneurs. Hence, China
government policies will be barriers
to Norsk European to some extent.
Economic: Positive:
China is the second largest economy
in the whole world. China has made a
rapid economic growth. Hence, Norsk
European will find economically
strong buyers there.
Social: Positive:
China, being the most populous
country in the world, has a massive
market for consumer products.
Transportation and warehouse
business is related to the consumer
products. Hence, there is a scope of
this business for Norsk European
Wholesale (Rahman, 2018).
With the modernization in people’s
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Analysis: In this case, the best strategy is the ‘Differentiation focus’ for Norsk European.
The company is going to introduce its new business in China and hence, through this
strategy, the company will first capture a niche market with its product differentiation at a
moderate price and thus, it will gain competitive advantages. This will be the capability and
core competency of the company.
PESTEL analysis
The following is the PESTEL analysis for the new business of Norsk European Wholesale
Ltd to identify the macro changes for its transportation and logistics business in China:
Political: Negative:
The political rules and regulations by
China government have created many
barriers in the path of the new
entrepreneurs. Hence, China
government policies will be barriers
to Norsk European to some extent.
Economic: Positive:
China is the second largest economy
in the whole world. China has made a
rapid economic growth. Hence, Norsk
European will find economically
strong buyers there.
Social: Positive:
China, being the most populous
country in the world, has a massive
market for consumer products.
Transportation and warehouse
business is related to the consumer
products. Hence, there is a scope of
this business for Norsk European
Wholesale (Rahman, 2018).
With the modernization in people’s
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life, the demand of consumers’ goods
is increasing and hence, there is a
scope for Norsk European.
Technological: Positive:
About 72 million people in China are
connected to online marketing. Hence
the pioneers of Norsk European
Wholesale can take the opportunity of
this(Rahman,2018).
Negative:
Slow growth rate in IT is considered
as one of the top challenges for the
logistics business in China. Hence,
Norsk European should develop its IT
department.
Environmental: Negative:
China’s large population has affected
the natural environment and that has
led to air pollution, water pollution,
climatic change and others.
Transportation business is related to
environmental effects and the
company should be aware of this
(Rahman, 2018).
Legal: Negative:
The chiefs of Norsk European
Wholesale should be aware of the
new laws that regulate the business
and employment practices in China.
For instances, the laws related to
employees remuneration, benefits of
employees, labour disputes and
6
life, the demand of consumers’ goods
is increasing and hence, there is a
scope for Norsk European.
Technological: Positive:
About 72 million people in China are
connected to online marketing. Hence
the pioneers of Norsk European
Wholesale can take the opportunity of
this(Rahman,2018).
Negative:
Slow growth rate in IT is considered
as one of the top challenges for the
logistics business in China. Hence,
Norsk European should develop its IT
department.
Environmental: Negative:
China’s large population has affected
the natural environment and that has
led to air pollution, water pollution,
climatic change and others.
Transportation business is related to
environmental effects and the
company should be aware of this
(Rahman, 2018).
Legal: Negative:
The chiefs of Norsk European
Wholesale should be aware of the
new laws that regulate the business
and employment practices in China.
For instances, the laws related to
employees remuneration, benefits of
employees, labour disputes and
6
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others.
Table 1: PESTEL analysis of Transportation business in China
Source:(Created by the learner)
P2: Evaluate the opportunities for growth applying Ansoff’s growth vector matrix.
Ansoff matrix is a commonly known matrix for product or services. There are four options in
this matrix for growth through the existing and new products of the company. Norsk
European Wholesale Ltd. is going to set up its transportation and logistics business in China.
Hence, the Ansof matrix will help the higher officials of the company to know the growth
strategy in the China market when they move from one section of the matrix to the other.
There are four growth strategies in the matrix and they are market penetration, market
development, product development and market diversification respectively.
Market development
(Norsk European
Wholesale Ltd.)
Diversification
Market penetration Product development
Table 2: Table of Ansoff’s Matrix
(Source: Created by the learner)
Market penetration: Through market penetration, more of the existing products or services
are sold in the existing market to the existing customers. To do this Norsk European
Wholesale Ltd. has to create loyalty in the minds of the existing customers. Long term appeal
and offering are necessary in this step. The chiefs of the company need not emphasize this
option as Norsk European is going to introduce its transport and logistics business in a new
country, China.
Market development: It is the best approach for a company to attract new customers with
existing products. The customers can be from a new country or from a new demographic
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others.
Table 1: PESTEL analysis of Transportation business in China
Source:(Created by the learner)
P2: Evaluate the opportunities for growth applying Ansoff’s growth vector matrix.
Ansoff matrix is a commonly known matrix for product or services. There are four options in
this matrix for growth through the existing and new products of the company. Norsk
European Wholesale Ltd. is going to set up its transportation and logistics business in China.
Hence, the Ansof matrix will help the higher officials of the company to know the growth
strategy in the China market when they move from one section of the matrix to the other.
There are four growth strategies in the matrix and they are market penetration, market
development, product development and market diversification respectively.
Market development
(Norsk European
Wholesale Ltd.)
Diversification
Market penetration Product development
Table 2: Table of Ansoff’s Matrix
(Source: Created by the learner)
Market penetration: Through market penetration, more of the existing products or services
are sold in the existing market to the existing customers. To do this Norsk European
Wholesale Ltd. has to create loyalty in the minds of the existing customers. Long term appeal
and offering are necessary in this step. The chiefs of the company need not emphasize this
option as Norsk European is going to introduce its transport and logistics business in a new
country, China.
Market development: It is the best approach for a company to attract new customers with
existing products. The customers can be from a new country or from a new demographic
7
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background. This option will be the best option in order to increase the company’s
transportation and logistics service in China (Chiang et al., 2016).
Product development: In this option, a company create new products and variations of its
products to the present customers. Norsk European Warehouse Ltd. is expanding its existing
transportation and logistics business to the new customers in China and hence, this option is
not applicable to the company.
Product diversification: This is the highest risk strategy and in this option, new products are
sold in the new market (Yin, 2016). In such a situation a good business consultant can help a
business unit. Norsk European Wholesale Ltd. need not consider this option as it is not
introducing the new products and services in China.
Analysis: An Ansoff matrix can be used as the best tool for increasing sales in a business
unit. The pioneers of Norsk European Warehouse Ltd. has to consider out or the four options
which one will suit the best for the new business of the company in China. After analyzing
the four options above, it has been considered that the option ‘Market Development’ will be
the best option to increase the sales of the company. The chiefs of the company will conduct
a campaign to attract a large number of customers and they will make the customers aware of
the new transportation services, warehousing and storage services and other services in
China. The pioneers, at first, have to consider whether there is demand for the company’s
service in China or whether the business of Norsk European Wholesale can support the
demands of those new customers in China. If there is any deficiency, the chiefs of the
company should take over various strategies to attract new customers and increase the sale
volume.
Collaboration:
The pioneers of Norsk European Wholesale Ltd. will make joint ventures with some joint
venture partners as it is going to introduce a new business in China. The company, with the
help of those joint venture partners, will be able to know about the local market and local
competitors in China market and gain competitive advantage (Hellström et al., 2015).
Risks in the business:
The risks related to the transportation business of Norsk European Wholesale Ltd. are the
following:
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background. This option will be the best option in order to increase the company’s
transportation and logistics service in China (Chiang et al., 2016).
Product development: In this option, a company create new products and variations of its
products to the present customers. Norsk European Warehouse Ltd. is expanding its existing
transportation and logistics business to the new customers in China and hence, this option is
not applicable to the company.
Product diversification: This is the highest risk strategy and in this option, new products are
sold in the new market (Yin, 2016). In such a situation a good business consultant can help a
business unit. Norsk European Wholesale Ltd. need not consider this option as it is not
introducing the new products and services in China.
Analysis: An Ansoff matrix can be used as the best tool for increasing sales in a business
unit. The pioneers of Norsk European Warehouse Ltd. has to consider out or the four options
which one will suit the best for the new business of the company in China. After analyzing
the four options above, it has been considered that the option ‘Market Development’ will be
the best option to increase the sales of the company. The chiefs of the company will conduct
a campaign to attract a large number of customers and they will make the customers aware of
the new transportation services, warehousing and storage services and other services in
China. The pioneers, at first, have to consider whether there is demand for the company’s
service in China or whether the business of Norsk European Wholesale can support the
demands of those new customers in China. If there is any deficiency, the chiefs of the
company should take over various strategies to attract new customers and increase the sale
volume.
Collaboration:
The pioneers of Norsk European Wholesale Ltd. will make joint ventures with some joint
venture partners as it is going to introduce a new business in China. The company, with the
help of those joint venture partners, will be able to know about the local market and local
competitors in China market and gain competitive advantage (Hellström et al., 2015).
Risks in the business:
The risks related to the transportation business of Norsk European Wholesale Ltd. are the
following:
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The accidental risks of the cargo carried and the vehicle used in the road are the first
and foremost risks involved in the transportation business of Norsk European
Wholesale. The people related to the transportation job may also be injured in an
accident during transportation.
The physical damage to the cargo due to the accident and due to the nature of inherent
vice is also an other risk in the transport business.
In the wholesale and logistics business, maintenance risk of inventory is also another
type of risks. If the stocks are maintained and checked properly, then there may be a
risk for this.
Mitigation of risks:
The cargo should be insured with physically to avoid any physical risks during
transportation. The insurer will compensate in case of any accident. The employees
involved with the transportation, are also to be insured with for compensation in case
of any death and injury.
The inventory should be properly checked in the warehouse and should come in the
warehouse and go out from the warehouse in time
9
The accidental risks of the cargo carried and the vehicle used in the road are the first
and foremost risks involved in the transportation business of Norsk European
Wholesale. The people related to the transportation job may also be injured in an
accident during transportation.
The physical damage to the cargo due to the accident and due to the nature of inherent
vice is also an other risk in the transport business.
In the wholesale and logistics business, maintenance risk of inventory is also another
type of risks. If the stocks are maintained and checked properly, then there may be a
risk for this.
Mitigation of risks:
The cargo should be insured with physically to avoid any physical risks during
transportation. The insurer will compensate in case of any accident. The employees
involved with the transportation, are also to be insured with for compensation in case
of any death and injury.
The inventory should be properly checked in the warehouse and should come in the
warehouse and go out from the warehouse in time
9
10
LO2:
Sources of Funds and their Implications to the Business
P3:Access the potential sources of funding available to businesses and discuss benefits
and drawbacks of each sources
Sourcing of funds is necessary for various reasons in any type of business. Funds are
necessary for modification of business, purchase of raw materials, purchase of equipment and
other assets and for other reasons. Norsk European Wholesale Ltd. Is going to set up its new
transportation and logistics business in China and hence, funding is necessary for this new
business. The sources of finance for the company are the following:
Bank Loans: Bank loan is a most common factor that can be used for purchasing of assets
and other assets in the new transportation and logistics business of Norsk European
Wholesale Ltd. As the company is going to set up its new business in China, a huge source of
funds is necessary for the new business (Ponticelli and Alencar, 2016). The company can
borrow long-term or short-term loans from the government and non-government banks in the
United Kingdom. There are many banks in the UK like HSBC bank, ICICI Bank, Tesco PLC
bank in the UK. Norsk European Wholesale Ltd. Has decided to take long term loan from
Tesco Plc at a cheap rate of interest.
The positives of the bank Loan are the following:
Tax benefits: The bank loan will be utilized by the company for various purposes and
then the interest on the bank loan will be a tax-free benefit to the company.
Flexibility: The chiefs of Norsk European Wholesale Ltd. will make the payment of
instalment for the bank loan and they have to worry nothing about this. Furthermore,
the will not inquire about the fact how the Norsk European will utilize the loan.
The negatives of the bank loans are the following:
Irregular payment of loan: If the Norsk European takes the loan from the bank on
variable interest of loan then the interest will change with the market conditions. In
such a case, it will be very tough for the pioneers of the company ton determine how
they will repay the loan borrowed from banks.
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LO2:
Sources of Funds and their Implications to the Business
P3:Access the potential sources of funding available to businesses and discuss benefits
and drawbacks of each sources
Sourcing of funds is necessary for various reasons in any type of business. Funds are
necessary for modification of business, purchase of raw materials, purchase of equipment and
other assets and for other reasons. Norsk European Wholesale Ltd. Is going to set up its new
transportation and logistics business in China and hence, funding is necessary for this new
business. The sources of finance for the company are the following:
Bank Loans: Bank loan is a most common factor that can be used for purchasing of assets
and other assets in the new transportation and logistics business of Norsk European
Wholesale Ltd. As the company is going to set up its new business in China, a huge source of
funds is necessary for the new business (Ponticelli and Alencar, 2016). The company can
borrow long-term or short-term loans from the government and non-government banks in the
United Kingdom. There are many banks in the UK like HSBC bank, ICICI Bank, Tesco PLC
bank in the UK. Norsk European Wholesale Ltd. Has decided to take long term loan from
Tesco Plc at a cheap rate of interest.
The positives of the bank Loan are the following:
Tax benefits: The bank loan will be utilized by the company for various purposes and
then the interest on the bank loan will be a tax-free benefit to the company.
Flexibility: The chiefs of Norsk European Wholesale Ltd. will make the payment of
instalment for the bank loan and they have to worry nothing about this. Furthermore,
the will not inquire about the fact how the Norsk European will utilize the loan.
The negatives of the bank loans are the following:
Irregular payment of loan: If the Norsk European takes the loan from the bank on
variable interest of loan then the interest will change with the market conditions. In
such a case, it will be very tough for the pioneers of the company ton determine how
they will repay the loan borrowed from banks.
10
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Burden of repayment: Normally the bank loan will become a repayment burden to
the higher authority of Norsk European. The company has to make a provision of a
loan repayment money every month and in case of failure of the repayment of loan,
the bank will charge the company with a high rate of interest for such non-payment of
loan.
Venture capital: Venture capital is the other source of funding through which fund is
collected from a business partner. The chiefs of Norsk European Wholesale Ltd. have found
some new franchises in China to collect funds from them (Mason and Harrison, 2017). The
new franchises in China will come forward and will gain ownership of business in exchange
of money.
The positives of the venture capital are the following:
Obligation of the company: If the higher officials of Norsk European want to raise
the venture capital, there is no obligation if the company is non-profitable or is going
to wind up.
Easy collection: It will be easy for the Norsk European to collect a venture capital
source as many venture partners will come forward to purchase the ownership of the
company.
Advice from the venture partners: In case of any problem, the company will get
pieces of advice from the venture partner for the good of the business.
The negatives of the venture capital are the following:
Misguidance: Advice from venture partners may misguide the pioneers of Norsk
European and this will lead to the non-productivity of the company.
Losing control over business: Sometimes, for the involvement of the ownership of
others, Norsk European may lose control of business and it may lose the ownership.
Business Angels: Business angels are those who have retired from companies and who invest
directly in small and medium funds owned by others (White and Dumay, 2017). The chiefs of
Norsk European have contacted some business angels in the United Kingdom. The business
angels will not only lend money for the business of Norsk European but they will also give
11
Burden of repayment: Normally the bank loan will become a repayment burden to
the higher authority of Norsk European. The company has to make a provision of a
loan repayment money every month and in case of failure of the repayment of loan,
the bank will charge the company with a high rate of interest for such non-payment of
loan.
Venture capital: Venture capital is the other source of funding through which fund is
collected from a business partner. The chiefs of Norsk European Wholesale Ltd. have found
some new franchises in China to collect funds from them (Mason and Harrison, 2017). The
new franchises in China will come forward and will gain ownership of business in exchange
of money.
The positives of the venture capital are the following:
Obligation of the company: If the higher officials of Norsk European want to raise
the venture capital, there is no obligation if the company is non-profitable or is going
to wind up.
Easy collection: It will be easy for the Norsk European to collect a venture capital
source as many venture partners will come forward to purchase the ownership of the
company.
Advice from the venture partners: In case of any problem, the company will get
pieces of advice from the venture partner for the good of the business.
The negatives of the venture capital are the following:
Misguidance: Advice from venture partners may misguide the pioneers of Norsk
European and this will lead to the non-productivity of the company.
Losing control over business: Sometimes, for the involvement of the ownership of
others, Norsk European may lose control of business and it may lose the ownership.
Business Angels: Business angels are those who have retired from companies and who invest
directly in small and medium funds owned by others (White and Dumay, 2017). The chiefs of
Norsk European have contacted some business angels in the United Kingdom. The business
angels will not only lend money for the business of Norsk European but they will also give
11
12
valuable advice and knowledge in the new business of the company. The loan amount from
the business angels will be not more than £100.000.
Positives of Angel funding:
Wealthy individuals: Many successful business people like doctor, lawyers and
others will be available to the higher officials of Norsk European and they can collect
capital up to £100.000.
Crowd funding: Online investing group can be found easily by the people of Norsk
European Wholesale Ltd. and it is an opportunity to the company.
Negatives of Angel funding:
Ownership: The primary disadvantage of Angel funding is that Norsk European
Wholesale Ltd. may lose the complete control in ownership. If the business of the
company is sold, then the Angel investor will enjoy a portion of profit.
Friends and family members: The Directors of the company Norsk European Wholesale
Ltd. Have some reliable friends in the United Kingdom from whom they have decided to
borrow some money for the new transportation business in China. Apart from this, they have
also collected some money from their family members (Ward, 2016).
Positives of funding from friends and family:
Relation: The friends and family members of the chiefs of Norsk European know them well
very well
Care: The friends and the family members will the chiefs because they care about the
chiefs.
The negatives of funding from friends and family:
Understanding of the value of business: The friends and family members of the
chiefs of Norsk European will not be able to understand the business of the company
because they cannot add the value to the business.
Breaking of the relationship: The friends and family members can break the
relationship with the chiefs of the company and hence, the business will suffer.
12
valuable advice and knowledge in the new business of the company. The loan amount from
the business angels will be not more than £100.000.
Positives of Angel funding:
Wealthy individuals: Many successful business people like doctor, lawyers and
others will be available to the higher officials of Norsk European and they can collect
capital up to £100.000.
Crowd funding: Online investing group can be found easily by the people of Norsk
European Wholesale Ltd. and it is an opportunity to the company.
Negatives of Angel funding:
Ownership: The primary disadvantage of Angel funding is that Norsk European
Wholesale Ltd. may lose the complete control in ownership. If the business of the
company is sold, then the Angel investor will enjoy a portion of profit.
Friends and family members: The Directors of the company Norsk European Wholesale
Ltd. Have some reliable friends in the United Kingdom from whom they have decided to
borrow some money for the new transportation business in China. Apart from this, they have
also collected some money from their family members (Ward, 2016).
Positives of funding from friends and family:
Relation: The friends and family members of the chiefs of Norsk European know them well
very well
Care: The friends and the family members will the chiefs because they care about the
chiefs.
The negatives of funding from friends and family:
Understanding of the value of business: The friends and family members of the
chiefs of Norsk European will not be able to understand the business of the company
because they cannot add the value to the business.
Breaking of the relationship: The friends and family members can break the
relationship with the chiefs of the company and hence, the business will suffer.
12
13
Equity share: Equity financing is a common way of sourcing funds in a business. The
pioneers of Norsk European Wholesale have decided to sell shares of the company in the
form of common stock. Each share of the company will represent the ownership of the
company. Each share will be sold at share value price in which the people will buy shares of
the company. In this way, shareholders who will purchase shares will be the owners of the
company and they will have the voting right in the company. In this way, the company will
collect funds for its new business (Lukkarinen et al., 2016).
Positives of funding through equity share:
Fewer burdens: There is no loan repayment burden in equity share funding and the
higher officials of Norsk European Wholesale Ltd do not have to make a provision of
monthly loan repayment.
Learning from partners: With equity funding, the pioneers of the company can be
more knowledgeable with the help of gaining experience from their partners.
Negatives of funding through equity share
Conflict: Working with others and difference in management style can lead to
disagreement in opinion and conflicts often in Norsk European Wholesale Ltd. It can
be an issue and running business in that situation can be tough to some extent.
Recommendation:
Considering the above points, it has been decided that the bank loan will be the best option
for sourcing the finance for Norsk European in its new business in China. The following are
the justification:
The pioneers of Norsk European Wholesale Ltd can avail both the long-term and the
short-term loans from the Banks. The banks will sanction the company a huge amount
of loan that will be suitable for the new business of the company.
The loan can be repaid only with the instalment and the higher officials need not tense
for the repayment of the same.
Loan can be available in exchange of mortgage of the assets of the business.
13
Equity share: Equity financing is a common way of sourcing funds in a business. The
pioneers of Norsk European Wholesale have decided to sell shares of the company in the
form of common stock. Each share of the company will represent the ownership of the
company. Each share will be sold at share value price in which the people will buy shares of
the company. In this way, shareholders who will purchase shares will be the owners of the
company and they will have the voting right in the company. In this way, the company will
collect funds for its new business (Lukkarinen et al., 2016).
Positives of funding through equity share:
Fewer burdens: There is no loan repayment burden in equity share funding and the
higher officials of Norsk European Wholesale Ltd do not have to make a provision of
monthly loan repayment.
Learning from partners: With equity funding, the pioneers of the company can be
more knowledgeable with the help of gaining experience from their partners.
Negatives of funding through equity share
Conflict: Working with others and difference in management style can lead to
disagreement in opinion and conflicts often in Norsk European Wholesale Ltd. It can
be an issue and running business in that situation can be tough to some extent.
Recommendation:
Considering the above points, it has been decided that the bank loan will be the best option
for sourcing the finance for Norsk European in its new business in China. The following are
the justification:
The pioneers of Norsk European Wholesale Ltd can avail both the long-term and the
short-term loans from the Banks. The banks will sanction the company a huge amount
of loan that will be suitable for the new business of the company.
The loan can be repaid only with the instalment and the higher officials need not tense
for the repayment of the same.
Loan can be available in exchange of mortgage of the assets of the business.
13
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14
14
14
15
LO3
Business Plan
P4: Design a business plan for growth that includes financial information and strategic
objectives for scaling up a business
Business idea:
Norsk European Wholesale Ltd. is a transportation and logistics company in the United
Kingdom. The company is going to start up a new business in China. In its new business, the
company will provide trucking transportation services. The company will provide delivery
service of various goods to its customers in China. It will be engaged in the business of
warehousing and storage, technical and some other services in China. The company will have
its own vehicles and provide transportation service to customers.
Vision:
To be one of the best companies in transportation industry in both China market and in the
global market for long time
Mission:
To provide innovative and sustainable services and solutions to the customers that will
develop the education, research, business and environment for a long time
Objectives of the business:
The objectives of the business of the company are the following:
To make the highest profit in the Chinese and in the global market
To provide the best service to the customers
To be the best company in the Chinese and in global market
To gain sustainability in the business
Target market:
The niche market has been targeted in China. Excellent service will be provided to the
customers at a moderated price.
Product offering and pricing:
15
LO3
Business Plan
P4: Design a business plan for growth that includes financial information and strategic
objectives for scaling up a business
Business idea:
Norsk European Wholesale Ltd. is a transportation and logistics company in the United
Kingdom. The company is going to start up a new business in China. In its new business, the
company will provide trucking transportation services. The company will provide delivery
service of various goods to its customers in China. It will be engaged in the business of
warehousing and storage, technical and some other services in China. The company will have
its own vehicles and provide transportation service to customers.
Vision:
To be one of the best companies in transportation industry in both China market and in the
global market for long time
Mission:
To provide innovative and sustainable services and solutions to the customers that will
develop the education, research, business and environment for a long time
Objectives of the business:
The objectives of the business of the company are the following:
To make the highest profit in the Chinese and in the global market
To provide the best service to the customers
To be the best company in the Chinese and in global market
To gain sustainability in the business
Target market:
The niche market has been targeted in China. Excellent service will be provided to the
customers at a moderated price.
Product offering and pricing:
15
16
The main business of Norsk European Wholesale Ltd. will be transportation, logistics,
wholesale and some other services.
Identified opportunities:
The opportunities will be to find capture the niche market through providing excellent service
in the transportation market.
Values and ethics:
The pioneers of Norsk European Wholesale Ltd. will perform all the business activities
ethically and honestly. The company will value the excellence, integrity, respect, creativity
and culture in its business (Trevino and Nelson, 2016).
Expectations of the shareholders:
The expectation of the shareholders is to avail all types of business information of the
company and to gain more profit in the business of the company. The company will provide i
all true, transparent and valuable information to its shareholders.
Marketing and sales strategies:
For marketing, the company will capture the niche market in China and will provide excellent
service at a moderate price to attract a large number of customers.
To increase sales, the company will use the social media platforms and will communicate a
large number of customers in the Chinese market. The company website will also be used by
the customers.
The key aspects of the business plan aimed at and what the investors are looking for:
The key aspect of the business of the company is to provide the best and sustainable
transportation service to Chinese customers across China. The service of the company will be
provided in a new innovative way. The investors of the company want a good and profitable
return on their investment.
How to present the plan to the investors
16
The main business of Norsk European Wholesale Ltd. will be transportation, logistics,
wholesale and some other services.
Identified opportunities:
The opportunities will be to find capture the niche market through providing excellent service
in the transportation market.
Values and ethics:
The pioneers of Norsk European Wholesale Ltd. will perform all the business activities
ethically and honestly. The company will value the excellence, integrity, respect, creativity
and culture in its business (Trevino and Nelson, 2016).
Expectations of the shareholders:
The expectation of the shareholders is to avail all types of business information of the
company and to gain more profit in the business of the company. The company will provide i
all true, transparent and valuable information to its shareholders.
Marketing and sales strategies:
For marketing, the company will capture the niche market in China and will provide excellent
service at a moderate price to attract a large number of customers.
To increase sales, the company will use the social media platforms and will communicate a
large number of customers in the Chinese market. The company website will also be used by
the customers.
The key aspects of the business plan aimed at and what the investors are looking for:
The key aspect of the business of the company is to provide the best and sustainable
transportation service to Chinese customers across China. The service of the company will be
provided in a new innovative way. The investors of the company want a good and profitable
return on their investment.
How to present the plan to the investors
16
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A fair statement of assets and liabilities will be prepared by the chiefs of the company and
that will be presented to the investors of the company so that they can have a fair idea of the
financial status of the company.
Economies of the business:
Budget: A budget is a plan through which a business unit makes the balance between its
financial and operational capacity (Mourre et al., 2014). Norsk European Wholesale Ltd,
through its budget plan will allocate the organizational resources to various departments. The
budget plan of the company is the following:
Particulars Costs (£)
Cost of starting up of the business £700 millions
Operational costs of the business £ 300 millions
Advertisement cost of the business £50 millions
Total £1050 millions
Table 3: Budget plan of the new business
(Source: Created by the author)
17
A fair statement of assets and liabilities will be prepared by the chiefs of the company and
that will be presented to the investors of the company so that they can have a fair idea of the
financial status of the company.
Economies of the business:
Budget: A budget is a plan through which a business unit makes the balance between its
financial and operational capacity (Mourre et al., 2014). Norsk European Wholesale Ltd,
through its budget plan will allocate the organizational resources to various departments. The
budget plan of the company is the following:
Particulars Costs (£)
Cost of starting up of the business £700 millions
Operational costs of the business £ 300 millions
Advertisement cost of the business £50 millions
Total £1050 millions
Table 3: Budget plan of the new business
(Source: Created by the author)
17
18
LO4:
Existing strategies
P5: Assess exit or succession options for a small business explaining the benefits and
drawbacks of each option
Exit strategies:
The exit strategies are the strategies through which a business exit from a business and he or
she decides to sell the business to the investors or other companies. There are some ways of
existing from business if Norsk European Wholesale Ltd wants to wind up and sell its
business to its investors or other companies. The ways of existing from a business are the
following:
Merger and acquisition: This means merging with the same company or the other
companies and thus, being a larger company (Brueller et al., 2018). This is a win-win
situation of broadening companies with complementary skills and through this way the
company can save resources by such combination. If Norsk European Wholesale Ltd. will
decide in such a situation, then it will follow the way of merger and acquisition policy.
Through this way, the company can grow quicker and earn more revenue from its business.
Benefits of merger and acquisition:
Most of the companies resort to the merger and acquisition policy for increasing their
size and compete with their competitors in the market.
When a company is struggling for its growth in a regional and national market, then it
will be less expensive for the company to buy an existing business rather than
expanding the business. Hence, merger and acquisition is better than other ways.
Drawbacks of merger acquisition:
Merger and acquisition can create a situation where the existing employees can lose
their jobs.
When a small company merges with a big one, then more advanced skills may be
required for the employees of small companies. This may not be possible in all cases.
18
LO4:
Existing strategies
P5: Assess exit or succession options for a small business explaining the benefits and
drawbacks of each option
Exit strategies:
The exit strategies are the strategies through which a business exit from a business and he or
she decides to sell the business to the investors or other companies. There are some ways of
existing from business if Norsk European Wholesale Ltd wants to wind up and sell its
business to its investors or other companies. The ways of existing from a business are the
following:
Merger and acquisition: This means merging with the same company or the other
companies and thus, being a larger company (Brueller et al., 2018). This is a win-win
situation of broadening companies with complementary skills and through this way the
company can save resources by such combination. If Norsk European Wholesale Ltd. will
decide in such a situation, then it will follow the way of merger and acquisition policy.
Through this way, the company can grow quicker and earn more revenue from its business.
Benefits of merger and acquisition:
Most of the companies resort to the merger and acquisition policy for increasing their
size and compete with their competitors in the market.
When a company is struggling for its growth in a regional and national market, then it
will be less expensive for the company to buy an existing business rather than
expanding the business. Hence, merger and acquisition is better than other ways.
Drawbacks of merger acquisition:
Merger and acquisition can create a situation where the existing employees can lose
their jobs.
When a small company merges with a big one, then more advanced skills may be
required for the employees of small companies. This may not be possible in all cases.
18
19
Initial Public Offer: This way used to be a preferred mode of exit from business. But from
the year 2010, this way has declined until 2010. In this way, public body is the buyer of a
company (Liu et al., 2014). Norsk European Wholesale Ltd. is not recommended to accept
this way of exit.
Benefits of IPO
Norsk European Wholesale Ltd. Can revenue within a short period of time.
Drawbacks of IPO
This type of public offering is rare and not accepted nowadays.
Sell to friends and family: The ownership of the business, through this can be sold to the
family members and to some friends. The pioneers of Norsk European Wholesale Ltd. can
sell the business to its friends or their family members through this way. This is one of the
best practices as both the parties know each other well (Zaefarian et al., 2016).
Benefits of sale to friends and family:
Both the buyer and the seller are known to each other and one party have faith on the
other.
Drawbacks of sale to friends and family:
In most cases, conflicts may arise as the sales takes place between the two families.
Liquidation and closing down: If the owners of the Norsk European Wholesale Ltd. decide
finally, to close down their business, then they can take this way of winding up the business.
In this way, the business will be closed down and the business will be liquidated (Hasslinger
et al., 2017).
Benefit of liquidation:
All the properties can be sold by the company and the company can quickly settle all
its transaction.
Drawbacks of liquidation:
Conflicts may arise as many shareholders and creditors are involved in the liquidation
process.
19
Initial Public Offer: This way used to be a preferred mode of exit from business. But from
the year 2010, this way has declined until 2010. In this way, public body is the buyer of a
company (Liu et al., 2014). Norsk European Wholesale Ltd. is not recommended to accept
this way of exit.
Benefits of IPO
Norsk European Wholesale Ltd. Can revenue within a short period of time.
Drawbacks of IPO
This type of public offering is rare and not accepted nowadays.
Sell to friends and family: The ownership of the business, through this can be sold to the
family members and to some friends. The pioneers of Norsk European Wholesale Ltd. can
sell the business to its friends or their family members through this way. This is one of the
best practices as both the parties know each other well (Zaefarian et al., 2016).
Benefits of sale to friends and family:
Both the buyer and the seller are known to each other and one party have faith on the
other.
Drawbacks of sale to friends and family:
In most cases, conflicts may arise as the sales takes place between the two families.
Liquidation and closing down: If the owners of the Norsk European Wholesale Ltd. decide
finally, to close down their business, then they can take this way of winding up the business.
In this way, the business will be closed down and the business will be liquidated (Hasslinger
et al., 2017).
Benefit of liquidation:
All the properties can be sold by the company and the company can quickly settle all
its transaction.
Drawbacks of liquidation:
Conflicts may arise as many shareholders and creditors are involved in the liquidation
process.
19
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20
Succession option of a business
Succession action is commonly known as the retirement of a business. If anything unexpected
happens in the management of Norsk European wholesale Ltd. the owners the business can
resort to the succession option of its business (Holland, 2016). It will reduce the headache
and monetary loss of the business. The following are the steps in success of business:
Sale of the business to a co-owner: Norsk European can consider any of its partners
in China or in Europe a suitable successor and can sell the business to its co-owner.
To pass the business to an heir: The business of Norsk European can be succeeded
to any of the family member of the directors and members.
Sale of the business to the key employees: If Norsk European does not have any
successor or co-owner, it can sell its business to any of its loyal employees.
Sale of business to an outsider: If Norsk European Wholesale has no above suitable
successor; it can sell its business to any outsider.
Positives of succession option of a business:
Through better succession planning, the business of Norsk European can be formed in
a better way leading to more productivity.
The strengths and weaknesses of the business of the company can be revealed through
SWOT analysis.
Skilled existing employees can be retained through succession planning
Negatives of a success option of a business:
Appointment of a wrong person in success planning may lead to the non-productivity
and failure of business of Norsk European
A poorly conducted succession planning may lead to poor decision leading to the poor
performance of the business.
Recommendation for exit or succession of Norsk European Wholesale Ltd:
Considering the above exit ways and succession options, it has been considered that the
succession option is better than exit of a business. The recommendations are the following:
20
Succession option of a business
Succession action is commonly known as the retirement of a business. If anything unexpected
happens in the management of Norsk European wholesale Ltd. the owners the business can
resort to the succession option of its business (Holland, 2016). It will reduce the headache
and monetary loss of the business. The following are the steps in success of business:
Sale of the business to a co-owner: Norsk European can consider any of its partners
in China or in Europe a suitable successor and can sell the business to its co-owner.
To pass the business to an heir: The business of Norsk European can be succeeded
to any of the family member of the directors and members.
Sale of the business to the key employees: If Norsk European does not have any
successor or co-owner, it can sell its business to any of its loyal employees.
Sale of business to an outsider: If Norsk European Wholesale has no above suitable
successor; it can sell its business to any outsider.
Positives of succession option of a business:
Through better succession planning, the business of Norsk European can be formed in
a better way leading to more productivity.
The strengths and weaknesses of the business of the company can be revealed through
SWOT analysis.
Skilled existing employees can be retained through succession planning
Negatives of a success option of a business:
Appointment of a wrong person in success planning may lead to the non-productivity
and failure of business of Norsk European
A poorly conducted succession planning may lead to poor decision leading to the poor
performance of the business.
Recommendation for exit or succession of Norsk European Wholesale Ltd:
Considering the above exit ways and succession options, it has been considered that the
succession option is better than exit of a business. The recommendations are the following:
20
21
In a succession plan, the strengths and weaknesses are evaluated and the business can
be reformed in a better way for its expansion
Through better stakeholders, leaders, employees and customers, business can be more
stable.
The important employees can be retained in the reformed company.
If the business is transferred to the heir of the directors and members then it will be
convenient for the heirs to run the business as they are familiar to the business
already.
If the business is sold to a loyal employee, then he or she can run the business more
efficiently as he or she is familiar to the business.
Key reasons for business failure:
There may be key reasons for business failure in a business and are the following:
Leadership failure: the business of Norsk European Wholesale may be failed due to poor
management skills and wrong decisions on the part of management. The managers in the
company should have proper knowledge and skills in their respective fields. They should lead
and motivate their team members and coordinate each other in their work.
Not in touch with customer needs: The business of Norsk European Wholesale may fail if
the pioneers will not be in touch with its customers. Customers’ feedback is a necessary thing
for the success of the business. Customers’ feedback will tell the pioneers of the company
where to modify and what to modify in the business and that is helpful for the productivity of
the business.
Poor financial management: The business of Norsk European can fail if it lacks a
contingency plan. In this case the chiefs can create reserve money in case of financial crisis
of the company. If the chiefs of the company do not have the skills of managing cash flow,
taxes, expenses and other financial crises, business can fail. Lack of proper accounting
practice can put the business of the company in the path of failure.
How the business failure might be prevented:
To avoid leadership failure: The leaders of Norsk European Wholesale should be
trained properly to enhance the leadership skills in the company. Other business
21
In a succession plan, the strengths and weaknesses are evaluated and the business can
be reformed in a better way for its expansion
Through better stakeholders, leaders, employees and customers, business can be more
stable.
The important employees can be retained in the reformed company.
If the business is transferred to the heir of the directors and members then it will be
convenient for the heirs to run the business as they are familiar to the business
already.
If the business is sold to a loyal employee, then he or she can run the business more
efficiently as he or she is familiar to the business.
Key reasons for business failure:
There may be key reasons for business failure in a business and are the following:
Leadership failure: the business of Norsk European Wholesale may be failed due to poor
management skills and wrong decisions on the part of management. The managers in the
company should have proper knowledge and skills in their respective fields. They should lead
and motivate their team members and coordinate each other in their work.
Not in touch with customer needs: The business of Norsk European Wholesale may fail if
the pioneers will not be in touch with its customers. Customers’ feedback is a necessary thing
for the success of the business. Customers’ feedback will tell the pioneers of the company
where to modify and what to modify in the business and that is helpful for the productivity of
the business.
Poor financial management: The business of Norsk European can fail if it lacks a
contingency plan. In this case the chiefs can create reserve money in case of financial crisis
of the company. If the chiefs of the company do not have the skills of managing cash flow,
taxes, expenses and other financial crises, business can fail. Lack of proper accounting
practice can put the business of the company in the path of failure.
How the business failure might be prevented:
To avoid leadership failure: The leaders of Norsk European Wholesale should be
trained properly to enhance the leadership skills in the company. Other business
21
22
practices should be examined and the best one should be applied for the good of the
company.
To understand the customers’ needs: The potential customers should be identified
by the pioneers of the company. The actual needs and requirements of the customers
should be identified and the services of the company should be modified accordingly.
Social media platforms should be used to communicate the customers regularly (Hill
and Brierley, 2017).
To avoid poor financial management: Professional accounting software should be
used in the management of Norsk European wholesale to keep all the records properly
and thus, valuable information should be generated to run the business properly. If the
management of the company lacks of proper financial management skills, then a tax
advisor should be hired to manage the financial affairs in the right way.
Exit routes for successful business:
To sell a business: Selling of a business is a complex procedure and it involves several
conditions. The chiefs of Norsk European Wholesale Ltd. can sell its business if there arise
any disputes among the Directors or members, if the directors retire death or illness of any of
its directors or members, running of the business in loss, boredom in business and others.
Several procedures of the sale of the business should be followed for this. The procedures are
finding a broker, preparing documents, finding the buyer, handling profits and some others.
Floating of a business: Floating of a business means issuing regular shares to the public that
are available to the investors for their trading. This figure can be reached by taking the
company’s outstanding shares and subtracting the restricted stock that are restricted in terms
of sales. Floating of a company is important because it indicates the number of actual shares
to be bought and sold by the general public. The chiefs of Norsk European can resort to this
strategy if it thinks it to be fit.
Valuation of the company: Company valuation is a process through which the pioneers of
Norsk European will determine the economic value of the business of the company.
Company valuation may be done for various reasons. The chiefs of the company will engage
professional valuators to estimate the value of the business (Pappa, 2015). There are various
22
practices should be examined and the best one should be applied for the good of the
company.
To understand the customers’ needs: The potential customers should be identified
by the pioneers of the company. The actual needs and requirements of the customers
should be identified and the services of the company should be modified accordingly.
Social media platforms should be used to communicate the customers regularly (Hill
and Brierley, 2017).
To avoid poor financial management: Professional accounting software should be
used in the management of Norsk European wholesale to keep all the records properly
and thus, valuable information should be generated to run the business properly. If the
management of the company lacks of proper financial management skills, then a tax
advisor should be hired to manage the financial affairs in the right way.
Exit routes for successful business:
To sell a business: Selling of a business is a complex procedure and it involves several
conditions. The chiefs of Norsk European Wholesale Ltd. can sell its business if there arise
any disputes among the Directors or members, if the directors retire death or illness of any of
its directors or members, running of the business in loss, boredom in business and others.
Several procedures of the sale of the business should be followed for this. The procedures are
finding a broker, preparing documents, finding the buyer, handling profits and some others.
Floating of a business: Floating of a business means issuing regular shares to the public that
are available to the investors for their trading. This figure can be reached by taking the
company’s outstanding shares and subtracting the restricted stock that are restricted in terms
of sales. Floating of a company is important because it indicates the number of actual shares
to be bought and sold by the general public. The chiefs of Norsk European can resort to this
strategy if it thinks it to be fit.
Valuation of the company: Company valuation is a process through which the pioneers of
Norsk European will determine the economic value of the business of the company.
Company valuation may be done for various reasons. The chiefs of the company will engage
professional valuators to estimate the value of the business (Pappa, 2015). There are various
22
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23
methods of valuation of the business and they are market capitalization, liquidation value and
others.
Growth and success of a family business:
Family business is considered to be one of the economic growths in a country. From the very
past, the family businessmen have been creating jobs, profits in the business and thus, have
been catering to the economy in a country. In family business, the ownership is transferred to
the heirs of the family. Some points of the family business are the following:
Cultural issues: Culture is a great factor in the family business. If a person gains certain
cultures in business field then he or she can run the business well. On the other hand, new
comer in a new business cannot perform as well as an individual comes from business family
background.
Conflicts: Emotional issues, financial issues and misunderstanding among the family
members can lead to various conflicts that can affect the day to day operation in a business
and causing non-productivity to the family business.
Succession planning: Succession planning can be both the most critical challenges to a
family business owner or he or she can maximize opportunities from this success planning in
the family business. The entire success planning depends on the skills and competencies of
the family business owner.
Conclusion:
Planning for growth of a medium and small business has been emphasized in this project. The
example of Norsk European Wholesale Ltd. has been taken here for explaining he subject.
The company introduces its new transportation and logistics business in China. Various
business tools like Ansoff’s Matrix, PESTEL analysis and others have been described to
determine the strengths and weaknesses of the company. The exit strategies of the company
have also been highlighted here. Finally, recommendations have been referred for the growth
of the business in China.
23
methods of valuation of the business and they are market capitalization, liquidation value and
others.
Growth and success of a family business:
Family business is considered to be one of the economic growths in a country. From the very
past, the family businessmen have been creating jobs, profits in the business and thus, have
been catering to the economy in a country. In family business, the ownership is transferred to
the heirs of the family. Some points of the family business are the following:
Cultural issues: Culture is a great factor in the family business. If a person gains certain
cultures in business field then he or she can run the business well. On the other hand, new
comer in a new business cannot perform as well as an individual comes from business family
background.
Conflicts: Emotional issues, financial issues and misunderstanding among the family
members can lead to various conflicts that can affect the day to day operation in a business
and causing non-productivity to the family business.
Succession planning: Succession planning can be both the most critical challenges to a
family business owner or he or she can maximize opportunities from this success planning in
the family business. The entire success planning depends on the skills and competencies of
the family business owner.
Conclusion:
Planning for growth of a medium and small business has been emphasized in this project. The
example of Norsk European Wholesale Ltd. has been taken here for explaining he subject.
The company introduces its new transportation and logistics business in China. Various
business tools like Ansoff’s Matrix, PESTEL analysis and others have been described to
determine the strengths and weaknesses of the company. The exit strategies of the company
have also been highlighted here. Finally, recommendations have been referred for the growth
of the business in China.
23
24
Reference:
Brueller, N.N., Carmeli, A. and Markman, G.D., 2018. Linking merger and acquisition
strategies to postmerger integration: a configurational perspective of human resource
management. Journal of Management, 44(5), pp.1793-1818.
Chiang, Y.M., Chen, W.L. and Ho, C.H., 2016. Application of analytic network process and
two-dimensional matrix evaluating decision for design strategy. Computers & Industrial
Engineering, 98, pp.237-245.
D. Banker, R., Mashruwala, R. and Tripathy, A., 2014. Does a differentiation strategy lead to
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Entities in Liquidation have to be Considered a Non-Going Concern According to
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Holland, C., 2016. The Art of Business Succession: Who will fill your shoes?. John Wiley &
Sons.
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from initial public offerings. Management Science, 60(8), pp.1945-1964.
Lukkarinen, A., Teich, J.E., Wallenius, H. and Wallenius, J., 2016. Success drivers of online
equity crowdfunding campaigns. Decision Support Systems, 87, pp.26-38.
Mason, C. and Harrison, R., 2017. Informal venture capital and the financing of emerging
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Mourre, G., Astarita, C. and Princen, S., 2014. Adjusting the budget balance for the business
cycle: the EU methodology(No. 536). Directorate General Economic and Financial Affairs
(DG ECFIN), European Commission.
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25
Pappa, A., 2015. Financial statement analysis of a multinational company and equity
valuation of computer-based technology group.
Ponticelli, J. and Alencar, L.S., 2016. Court enforcement, bank loans, and firm investment:
evidence from a bankruptcy reform in Brazil. The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 131(3),
pp.1365-1413.
Rahman, M. (2018). PESTEL analysis of China. [online] Howandwhat.net. Available at:
https://www.howandwhat.net/pestel-analysis-china/ [Accessed 30 Jul. 2018].
Tansey, P., Spillane, J.P. and Meng, X., 2014. Linking response strategies adopted by
construction firms during the 2007 economic recession to Porter’s generic
strategies. Construction management and economics, 32(7-8), pp.705-724.
Trevino, L.K. and Nelson, K.A., 2016. Managing business ethics: Straight talk about how to
do it right. John Wiley & Sons.
Ward, J., 2016. Perpetuating the family business: 50 lessons learned from long lasting,
successful families in business. Springer.
White, B.A. and Dumay, J., 2017. Business angels: a research review and new
agenda. Venture Capital, 19(3), pp.183-216.
Yin, N., 2016. Application of AHP-Ansoff matrix analysis in business diversification: The
case of Evergrande Group. In MATEC Web of Conferences (Vol. 44, p. 01006). EDP
Sciences.
Zaefarian, R., Eng, T.Y. and Tasavori, M., 2016. An exploratory study of international
opportunity identification among family firms. International Business Review, 25(1), pp.333-
345.
25
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