Pneumonia: Causes, Symptoms, Diagnosis and Treatment

This article discusses the causes, symptoms, diagnosis and treatment of pneumonia. It also highlights the importance of a healthy diet in the recovery process. The laboratory findings and risk factors associated with pneumonia are also discussed.

PNEUMONIA

Table of Content.
INTRODUCTION.......................................................................1
MAIN BODY...............................................................................1
CONCLUSION............................................................................2
REFERENCES............................................................................3

INTRODUCTION
Pneumonia is an infection in the one or both lungs which
are caused by bacteria, virus or fungi. The air sacs may fill with
fluid or purulent material which may be resulting in the cough
with phlegm, fever, chills and difficulty breathing. This can
range in seriousness from mild to life-threatening. This may be
serious for the infant as well as young children and for those
who have health problems or week immune system. Risk factors
of the pneumonia includes chronic obstructive pulmonary
disease, sickle cell anaemia, cystic fibrosis, asthma and poor
ability to cough (Santoro and et. al., 2021).
MAIN BODY
Pneumonia is a serious bacterial lung disease and
symptoms of the pneumonia is depending upon the causing of
these disease. The symptoms may include chest pain at time of
breath or cough, confusion or changes in mental awareness.
There is increasing in cough, fatigue, fever, sweating, and
shaking chills. There is also note that lower body temperature,
nausea, vomiting or diarrhoea ans shortness of breath (Parry,
2020).
Sometimes pneumonia testing includes blood test that look
for procalcitonin or C-reactive protein. These substances are
present in the which are associated with the inflammation. The
procalcitonin levels are associated with the severity of the
pneumonia. This test is use for the distinguish between causes of
inflammation and assess a patient's response to treatment. There
are some laboratory findings which are used in the diagnosis of
bacterial pneumonia. This includes the leukocytosis which is use
for the assess the status of the patients. Laboratory findings may
include the routine blood test, sputum gram stain and culture,
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blood culture, urine antigen test and polymerase chain reaction.
The routine blood test is founded on the severity of the
pneumonia and the causes. The causes are considering
leukocytosis, anaemia, hyponatremia, thrombocytopenia,
findings of lactic acidosis and atrial blood gas. The arterial
blood test is performed on the arterial blood to evaluate the
concentration of the oxygen, carbon dioxide and bicarbonate as
well as pH of the blood (Karademir and et. al., 2021).
Thrombocytopenia is the number of the platelets in a blood
sample also decreases quickly with the time and decrease
platelet count may be caused by a delay between sampling as
well as analysis. The blood urea nitrogen test is a used in the
measurement of the amount of nitrogen in the blood that comes
from urea. Urea is an element that are secreted by the liver as
well as removed from the blood by kidneys. The blood culture is
find for patients with severe disease, patient that require
hospitalization and patients in which the antibiotic therapy
failed. The commuted tomography of the test is needed for
diagnosis, for specific acute eosinophilic pneumonia. This
includes the measurement of the number of eosinophilis in the
blood. The blood culture is positive in cases of haematogenous
spread. The sputum gram stain culture is considering the sample
which are collected from the patients with productive cough.
The gram strain and culture should be tested to measure the
causative agents and guide the therapy. There are more than
80% patients of the cases of pneumococcal pneumonia has the
positive sputum culture is positive (Bozkurt, Gümüs and
Ergüven, 2022).
A good food and healthy diet can assist in reducing the
symptoms of the pneumonia which are help in speedy in the
recovery of the pneumonia. A rich protein diet is beneficial for
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the patients who suffering from pneumonia. Some food like
seeds, beans, clod water fishes such as salmon and sardines and
white meat have anti-inflammatory properties. The carbohydrate
content in whole grain like brown rice, quinoa, oats and barley
are the rich source which provides energy to the body. Green
vegetables are also assist in the healing of the respiratory
infection. These vegetables are the rich source of the
antioxidants which are protects the body against infectious
agents. The correct proportion of the nutrition diet is help in the
maintenance of the lungs but also give the energy to fight with
the infection (Kundu and et. al., 2021).
CONCLUSION
Form the above discussion, it has been concluded that
pneumonia is a form of acute respiratory infection that directly
affects in the lungs. This can be spread through cough, sneezes
and contaminated objects. This essay is also including the
laboratory findings which includes the examination material
derived from the human body such as fluid and cells for the
purpose of providing information on diagnosis, prognosis,
prevention and treatment of the disease. This is also including
the importance of the healthy diet in the pneumonia.
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REFERENCES
Books and Journals:
Bozkurt, H.B., Gümüs, A. and Ergüven, M., 2022. Is Serum
Endocan Level an Indicator of the Severity of Childhood
Community-Acquired Pneumonia?. Journal of Pediatric
Infectious Diseases, 17(02), pp.106-111.
Karademir, D. and et. al., 2021. Performance of bedside lung
ultrasound in emergency (BLUE) protocol in the diagnosis
of pneumonia. Notfall+ Rettungsmedizin, 24(1), pp.9-14.
Kundu, R. and et. al., 2021. Pneumonia detection in chest X-ray
images using an ensemble of deep learning models. Plos
one, 16(9), p.e0256630.
Parry, J., 2020. Pneumonia in China: lack of information raises
concerns among Hong Kong health workers.
Santoro, S.L. and et. al., 2021. Pneumonia and respiratory
infections in Down syndrome: A scoping review of the
literature. American Journal of Medical Genetics Part
A, 185(1), pp.286-299.
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