Strategies for Effective Pollution Management and Waste Disposal

University
Student Name
Course
BTEC LEVEL 3 Extended DIPLOMA IN
HEALTH & SOCIAL CARE (QCF)
Assignment
Unit 38: Environmental Health ( T/600/8996)
Task 3 (LO3) P3 and M2
Tutor

2
Task 3 (LO3) P3 and M2
Introduction
The rise in industrialization and urbanization has increased health risks which create health
risks especially as observed in developing countries. Some of the leading pollution factors
include air pollution, low water supply, sanitation, hygiene, lead poisoning and release of
hazardous waste which is the leading causes of fatal diseases and creation of harmful
environmental waste and destruction of the ecosystems.1
Estimates by World Health Organization-WHO have shown that an estimate of 12.6 million
people faces health risks related to environmental exposure agents. Air pollution is the fourth
largest risks factor of premature deaths. The challenge of air pollution takes a global
perspective but the tremendous impacts are felt within the developing countries network.2
Data by World Bank shows that the gross economic burden of pollution related to premature
mortality and diseases are significant for individual countries. Studies undertaken in countries
such as Argentina, Bolivia, China, Morocco, Nepal, Peru, Zambia, Brazil, and India suggest
that pollution costs associated with disease emanate from outdoor and household air pollution
effects, with significant contributing factors being lead exposure, noise and decline supply of
water, hygiene and sanitation.3
With this view, it is critical for the effective management of pollution across the globe.
Pollution management is needed for effective competitiveness as it leads to improving living
standards through the creation of job opportunities, better and clean energy, sustainable
transport and efficient rural and urban development.
1 Hu Y, Liu X, Bai J, Shih K, Zeng EY, Cheng H. Assessing heavy metal pollution in the
surface soils of a region that had undergone three decades of intense industrialization and
urbanization. Environmental Science and Pollution Research. 2013 Sep 1;20(9):6150-9.
2 Urbanization and Health. Accessed at http://www.who.int/globalchange/ecosystems/urbanization/en/.
Accessed on/04/10/2018
3 Amegah AK, Agyei-Mensah S. Urban air pollution in Sub-Saharan Africa: Time for action.
Environmental Pollution. 2017 Jan 1;220:738-43.

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Strategies Employed
World Bank Group
World Bank together with developing countries has initiated partnerships projects with
various countries so as to implement projects geared towards pollution management and
promotion of clean development and improved economic opportunities in the as far
environment.
Currently, World Bank Group has contributed more than $2.1 Billion worth of projects to
improve living stands. A distribution of US$500 million has been disbursed on a project to
minimize emissions of specific air pollutants in Hubei province and improved energy
efficiency in Beijing Tianjin region, Colombia projects on improvement of environmental
quality through reduction of water pollution. In Brazil, it has initiated projects which increase
rural production of the rural poor.4
UN Environmental Program
UN has outlined several strategies which regions and individual countries can use to mitigate
environmental impacts. It has a launched a program titled, Towards a Pollution –Free Planet,
a report which is geared twos improving and reducing pollution.5
The UN report offers five key messages;
- Global compact on pollution towards prevention
- Governance on environmental issues being strengthened
- Cleaner production investment
- Engaging multi-stakeholder partnerships
Rio Declaration on environment and development
The conference on environment and development constitute 27 principles which are meant to
4 Low P. International trade and the environment. UNISIA. 2016 Jul 27(30):95-9.
5 Rucevska I, Nellemann C, Isarin N, Yang W, Liu N, Yu K, Sandnaes S, Olley K, McCann
H, Devia L, Bisschop L. Waste Crime–Waste Risks: Gaps in Meeting the Global Waste
Challenge. A UNEP Rapid Response Assessment.