Population is the complete enumeration of all objects

Running header: ARTICLE ANALYSIS 1
Statistics for Public health: Article Analysis
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ARTICLE ANALYSIS 2
Article 1
Question 1: State the two hypothesis and the explain the variables
There are no doubts a study or research is adequate or sufficient when it incorporates a
hypothesis testing. Hypothesis testing is a method applicable in evaluating a claim about a
population characteristics (parameter) using a sample data (Stephanie, 2014). Notably, one of the
primal procedures in hypothesis testing is the identification of both null and alternative
hypotheses, whereby the null is presumed to be true, whereas the alternative is false.
Consequently, the for any given research the hypotheses are generated from its goals or
objectives. As evident, (Lam, Liang, Chikritzhs, & Allsop, 2013) seek to exhibit if there is
significant difference in the rate of alcohol and other drugs consumption among the adolescents
that attend the teenage celebratory events and those that attend end of school celebration.
Consequently, the study exposes the association between the harmful or awful experiences that
the adolescents undergo due the consumption of alcohol and drug during the events thus, it
recommends various ways to curb the harm known as the harm-minimization strategies.
Therefore, the following table exhibits the null and alternative hypotheses derived from the study
objectives.
Null hypothesis There is no significant difference in the rate of alcohol and other drugs
consumption among the adolescents that attend the teenage
celebratory events and those that attend end of school celebration.
Alternative
hypothesis
There is a significant difference in the rate of alcohol and other drugs
consumption among the adolescents that attend the teenage
celebratory events and those that attend end of school celebration.
Consequently, the hypothesis testing involves both the dependent and independent
variables. As evident, there are two study cases (celebratory events and end of school
celebration), which will be the independent variable. Moreover, the study will measure the

ARTICLE ANALYSIS 3
among of alcohol or drug used by the adolescent during the events, which will be the dependent
variable.
Question 2: Sampling method used, its advantages and disadvantages
As evident, a research seeks to evaluate a claim about a population characteristics
(parameter) using a sample data thus the data will be collected from a population. Population is
the complete enumeration of all objects or elements within a geographical area at a given time,
whereas a sample is the subset of a population. There are two main ways of collecting a sample
from a population, which include the probabilistic and non-probabilistic techniques (Hedt &
Pagano, 2011). It is exhibited that the study used a convenience sampling method that applies
opportunity or availability of the respondents when drawing the sample from the population
(Özdemir, Louis, & Topbaş, 2011). There are various benefits linked to convenience sampling,
which include less expensive and time consuming compared to the probabilistic techniques;
besides, it does not require high degree of expertise or skills since it is easy to adopt (Clark, et
al., 2014). However, there are various limitations linked to the strategy, which include biasness
since it is based on subjective judgement; besides, the data collected through this technique has
insufficient access precision and reliability (Kivunja, 2015).
Question3: Demographic Characteristics of the Sample
Demographics are the general characteristics linked to a sample such as education level,
sex, ethnic background, age, level of income, ethnicity, gender, age, race of the respondent (NM-
IBIS, 2018). The study conducted two surveys, whereby the first survey incorporated 541
subjects (56% being female and 44% being male). The second survey incorporated 405 subjects
(50% being female and 50% being male). Among the female, 94% were 17 years of age whereas