Potential Infections and Impact of Climate Change

This presentation discusses the potential infections associated with climate change and their impact on health. It also explores the four stages of risk management for infection prevention and control. Additionally, it highlights the benefits of risk assessment in outbreak and disease prevention.

POTENTIAL INFECTIONS AND
IMPACT OF CLIMATE CHANGE

HEALTH RELATED
INFECTIONS
 Risk is present all around us.
 Health risk is important to understand. It
is the duty of Infection prevention and
control (IP&C) professionals to recognize
unfavorable IP&C practices.
 They also have to suggest measures
that are cost-effective along with
supporting health care facilities in
setting priorities. The concept of risk
management can be used to achieve it.

OBJECTIVES
 Identify the four stages of risk
management for infection prevention
and control.
 Develop a system for setting priorities
for action based on risk management.
 Potential infections and outbreaks
associated with climate change.
 Identify the risk assessment for
authorities and the benefits this offers in
outbreak and disease prevention.

RISK MANAGEMENT
 A situation of misfortune pr loss is
termed as a risk.
 The main focus of risk management is
reduce the risks to the lowest possible
stage.
 The process of risk management is to
identify, assess, and prioritize the risk.
The management should be followed by
well coordinated and cost-effective
implementation of resources.

RISK MANAGEMENT
 The healthcare settings might vary in
routine operations and one approach
cannot be generalized for all.
 A single setting is capable of dealing
with complicated cases while delivering
able healthcare professionals with
appropriate training and education.
 The healthcare facilities should be able
to identify the risk and take proper
steps.

FOUR STAGES OF RISK
MANAGEMENT
 Risk Identification:-It is the first step of risk management.
No steps can be taken in risk management if the risk hasn’t
been identified. Risk identification begins with the initiation
of the problem starts. It can either be objective based,
scenario based, taxonomy based and common risk checking.
 2- Risk Analysis:-This process involves analysis of risk and
estimating the vulnerability and its effect. Frequency and
severity of the risk will also be assessed.
 3- Risk Control:-After the analysis comes controlling of risks.
It consists of procedures, systems, policies that an
organization requires to manage the possible risks.
 4- Risk Monitoring:- Risk monitoring should be done in order
to achieve the expected results of risk management
process. The monitoring should be done to check whether
the outcomes are achieved or not. If not them checking the
problem(Smith, 2012).

RISK ANALYSIS WHY ARE
INFECTIONS HAPPENING?
 Frequency of the risks? What are the
probable consequences, if proper action
is not taken?
 How much will it cost to manage this?
 Analysis will help in this process.
Consider the origin of risk, its source,
their negative outcomes, the probability
of those consequences to occur, and
attributes that impact negative
outcomes and likelihood (e.g. existing
controls).

EVALUATING RISKS
 The level of risk as observed in the
analysis process should be compared
with the risk assessment criteria.
 Also, the alternatives available to apply
with ease, influence, and the list of
priority for risks for taking any steps.
These error terms are used to refer to
flaws in reasoning.
 When comparing probability of risks
using statistical tests, error testing can
help determine the proper direction.

WHY ARE THEY
HAPPENING?
 Lack of knowledge, inadequate provision of
education, training and supervision, lack of
communication, lack of availability/regular
supply of goods lack of knowledge is the basic
cause of type I error.
 In low resource settings, the lack of availability
of goods is a frequent contributor to error. It
often brings the inference that indicates the
existence of a thing or relationship when really it
doesn't.
 For instance, a patient being tested for a
disease is not suffering from it, or through
treatment disease is cured when actually it isn’t.

HOW FREQUENTLY ARE
THEY HAPPENING?
 Frequency is measured in terms of the percentage
or rate of people that have been infected. If there
are no infection data, probability can be used
instead Risk is based on: probability and severity.
The riskiness of a situation is decided by asking two
questions:
 How likely is this to happen? (probability, likelihood).
 How bad would it be if this did happen? (severity,
consequences).
 The main issues in determination of risk in risk
assessment is the occurrence rate. It is because of
the unavailability of the statistical data on previous
cases.

OUTBREAK MANAGEMENT
AND DISEASES PREVENTION
 The benefits of prevention of and
management of Outbreak, It covers the
prevention from potential detection and
management at the time of an actual
outbreak.
 This keeps us updated and informed
about the issue the ways that they can
be faced. On top of it we are already
acknowledged about the disease, we can
always keep prevention method on the
go to keep us safe and ready to any such
epidemic (Mott, 2014).

VECTOR BORNE DISEASES
OUTBREAK
Image source:-
www.researchgate.net

RISK ASSESSMENT AND
MANAGEMENT STRATEGY
 The authorities can keep a track on the
daily conditions and always keep the
people and their information updated .
 This will help to minimize the deadly
stroke of the epidemic and will also
allow the authorities to keep themselves
prepared and posted for an immediate
action towards the issue.

A DRILL TO ACKNOWLEDGE THE STAFF AUTHORITIES CAN
CONDUCT

SAMPLE ANALYSIS ON
INFECTIONS

POTENTIAL INFECTIONS
ASSOCIATED TO CLIMATE CHANGE
 The changes in climate often lead to
generation of infectious diseases with
warming and changes in outbreaks connected
with weather.
 It might include diseases that are serious in
nature and can create adverse impacts on
health.
 Therefore, more understanding and better
learning of the complicates relationship is
necessary to study. It will help utilize the
information in predicting any occurrences and
implementing models that are tested and
better (Mekanik & Imteaz, 2018).

SUMMARY: RISK
MANAGEMENT
 Risk management should be able to utilize the
existing resources to minimize the threat. Further, it
should be able to handle the consequences of the
event of infection and make it a vital part of the
organizational processes.
 It should be a part of the decision making process
that should deal with the uncertainty and
assumptions.
 Proper and systematic procedure should be allotted
to use the available information in best way.
 Furthermore, it should also be able to take human
factors into account. Transparency and being
dynamic is a need along with the continuous
improvement and periodic re-assessment.

REFERENCES
 Smith, E. (2012). Review of The Four Stages
of Highly Effective Crisis
Management. Journal Of Homeland Security
And Emergency Management, 9(1).
 Mott, S. (2014). Buttonhole Access,
Preventions of Infections. Advances In
Chronic Kidney Disease, 21(2), 249.
 Mekanik, F., & Imteaz, M. (2018). Variability
of cool seasonal rainfall associated with
Indo-Pacific climate modes: case study of
Victoria, Australia. Journal Of Water And
Climate Change, jwc2018146.

Image References
Risk Assessment Framework for Emerging Vector-Borne
Livestock Diseases - Scientific Figure on ResearchGate. Available
from: https://www.researchgate.net/figure/Flowchart-for-
impact-of-emerging-vector-borne-diseases_fig6_254833528
[accessed 26 May, 2019]
(2019). Retrieved from
http://patentimages.storage.googleapis.com/US20120112883A
1/US20120112883A1-20120510-D00002.png
(2019).
Retrieved from
https://www.who.int/diseasecontrol_emergencies/publications
/idhe_2009_london_outbreaks.pdf