Practical Application of Renewable Energy Technology

This study material explores the practical application of renewable energy technology, focusing on solar energy, wind energy, hydropower, and tidal power. It discusses the barriers to adoption and the benefits of renewable energy sources. The content provides valuable insights into the cost, market entry, and location challenges of wind energy, as well as the affordability and reliability of solar energy. The analysis also highlights the positive impact of renewable energy on global warming, public health, and electricity bills. The combination of wind and solar power is discussed as an efficient and reliable energy solution. Overall, this study material offers a comprehensive understanding of the practical aspects of renewable energy technology.

PRACTICAL APPLICATION OF RENEWABLE ENERGY TECHNOLOGY 1
PRACTICAL APPLICATION OF RENEWABLE ENERGY TECHNOLOGY
By Name
Course
Instructor
Institution
Location
Date

PRACTICAL APPLICATION OF RENEWABLE ENERGY TECHNOLOGY 2
TASK 1
Part A
Solar energy
Figure 1: Showing the schematic diagram of the solar power system (Edison, 2015)

PRACTICAL APPLICATION OF RENEWABLE ENERGY TECHNOLOGY 3
Wind Energy
Figure 2: Showing the schematic diagram of the wind power system (Jemmet, 2014)

PRACTICAL APPLICATION OF RENEWABLE ENERGY TECHNOLOGY 4
Hydropower
Figure 3: Showing the schematic diagram of the hydroelectric power system (Jemmet, 2014)
Tidal Power
Figure 4: Showing the schematic diagram of the tidal power system (Jemmet, 2014)

PRACTICAL APPLICATION OF RENEWABLE ENERGY TECHNOLOGY 5
Part B
As described in Part A of this project with the aid of diagrams, this paper, therefore, covers wind
and solar energy adoption rate as follows below;
Wind Energy
Wind energy is one of the cheapest and cleanest sources of renewable electrical energy. The main
determinant of the cost of wind energy is the wind speed at a given site. This cost is also evaluated
based on the evaluations given on the national trends in the cost of installed wind energy This
statement proves that wind electrical energy is very sufficient and reliable meaning that its
adoption rate should be very high (Powell, 2013). But presently that is not the case as its adoption
is limited by some barriers.
Barriers affecting the adoption of wind energy
These barriers to adoption are as below one after the other;
Capital Cost
It is a fact that wind energy is a cheaper source of renewable electrical power but its initial
installation cost is very high. Such high costs tend to scare away potential individuals in adopting
wind-generated electricity. For instance, as of 2017, the cost of installing a single wind power
plant was estimated to be about $1,200 to $1,700 for every kilowatt (Collins, 2019).
Market Entry
The adoption of wind power also tends to be hindered by market entry factors more so in
instances where there are total domination and stiff competition from other sources of electrical

PRACTICAL APPLICATION OF RENEWABLE ENERGY TECHNOLOGY 6
power. These competitors include coal, natural gas and nuclear sources of energy. The market
entry of these energy sources is illustrated using the pie chart below;
Coal
40%
Natural gas
20%
Nuclear
30%
Hydroelectrical power
4%
Solar energy
3%
Wind energy
2%
Tidal energy
0%
Sources of electrical energy
Coal Natural gas Nuclear Hydroelectrical power
Solar energy Wind energy Tidal energy
There are problems in locating the best site to place a windmill
Windmill requires being placed in an ideal location. The place should be far away from buildings,
trees as well as other tall structures (Sivaram, 2018). Apart from these barriers, windmills must
have some form of permit that gives individuals the authority to set up such a wind energy power
plant.
Solar Power
The use of solar power is being encouraged in most countries due to its cheapness and reliability
which is a contrast to other sources of non-renewable energy like coal, diesel, and nuclear power.
Based on this statement, the Solar Energy Industries Association (SEIA) has been at the forefront

PRACTICAL APPLICATION OF RENEWABLE ENERGY TECHNOLOGY 7
of turning solar energy into a big business opportunity. As of 2017, there has been a sharp rise in
global electricity costs (Motes, 2015). This increase in costs will lead to higher solar energy
adoption rates as people will go for the next best option in trying to reduce their electricity bills.
Unlike wind energy, the installation of solar energy is relatively cheaper as one only needs to buy a
solar panel and then tap the available solar energy from the sun. Similarly, the rate of solar energy
adoption will also be affected by other significant factors like the number of daylight hours. This
is the total amount of the sun’s energy calculated in terms of hours that is received on a certain
location on the surface of the earth. The costs incurred in buying solar panels is much cheaper than
buying, therefore, making the adoption rate of solar energy to be higher than that of wind energy
TASK 2
Part A
An analysis of the solar and wind power is given below;
Wind power
Windmills are installed in open places to allow the harvesting of the maximum amount of kinetic
energy (wind speed) which is then transformed into electrical energy by the use of generators. The
windmill turbine has a gearbox which is applied in increasing the speed of the turbine by the use of
gears. This process is illustrated using the diagram below;

PRACTICAL APPLICATION OF RENEWABLE ENERGY TECHNOLOGY 8
Figure 5: Showing wind turbines and the gears of wind power (Manwell, 2012)
The type of energy that is coming out of the generator is still in AC form and must be transformed
in order to be used by the final consumer. The transformation steps up the voltage thereby, in turn,
stepping down the current. This action that uses step-up transformers reduces the intensity of the
electricity to the required state. This process is illustrated using equation 1 below;
PLoss= I2R . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
The power is then transmitted to the substation that steps down the electric power making it be safe
for use by the final consumer (Sivaram, 2018). The substation helps in steps down the electrical
energy to 240 V single phases which are safe for use. Furthermore, at this stage, the electricity will
be connected to the local people where it will be used in homes, businesses, and even farms. The
process where wind power is harnessed to produce electricity that is used by the locals is
illustrated using the following diagram;

PRACTICAL APPLICATION OF RENEWABLE ENERGY TECHNOLOGY 9
Figure 6: Showing generation and distribution of wind energy (Brown, 2015)
Solar energy
Solar energy is exclusively generated from sunlight which is converted to electrical energy by the
use of Photovoltaic cells (usually known as PV cells). This process is illustrated using the diagram
below;

PRACTICAL APPLICATION OF RENEWABLE ENERGY TECHNOLOGY 10
Figure 7: Showing a solar power system (Motes, 2015)
The solar panel generates energy in DC form which is then converted to AC electrical energy by
the use of an inverter. This conversion is vital as it ensures that the electrical energy that has been
produced can be stepped up or down. The transformation takes place when the electrical energy is
in AC form but not in DC since this electrical power must be converted to AC using the inverter.
From the inverter, the electrical energy is then transformed by the use of a step-up transformer and
then transmitted to the substation. At the substation, the electricity is stepped down in order to be
distributed to different parts where there are the final consumers (Edison, 2015). During
transmission, the energy from solar power can be connected to the other local systems thereby
enabling the power that is available to the final consumers be to be much effective. The local
system basically consists of the local load which forms the market for the produced electrical
power.

PRACTICAL APPLICATION OF RENEWABLE ENERGY TECHNOLOGY 11
Part B
T
Individuals living in Polperro will need to use the available renewable sources in electrical energy
production to act as supplementary energy sources their electricity demands. Some of the
renewable energy sources in Polperro County mainly includes solar and wind power.
Renewable sources of electricity benefit the residents of Polperro in so many ways. Some of these
ways are discussed below;
The use of renewable energy lowers rate of global warming
Some forms of non-renewable energy sources like the use of coal, nuclear and diesel emit
large quantities of greenhouse gases like carbon (IV) oxide to the atmosphere. This increases the
rate of global warming due to the rising temperature that will have a global effect including on the
people of Polperro County. The high temperature in some cases may result in drought which is a
negative impact on Polperro County residents. Therefore the use and application of the renewable
energy sources can be a mitigating action that will curb the negative effects of climate change that
is caused by greenhouse emissions (Degunther, 2013).
It improves public health
Coal and natural gas plants tend to be large air and water contaminants that cause health
problems like breathing issues, neurological harm, heart attacks, cancer, untimely death, and a
combination of other health problems. Based on the study presented by Harvard University, it was
found that the contaminations affect everyone in their life cycle. The amount of coal which is used
in electricity production is valued to be approximately $74.6 billion each year. That’s about to 4.36
cents per kilowatt-hour of power generated which is about one-third of the normal power rate that

PRACTICAL APPLICATION OF RENEWABLE ENERGY TECHNOLOGY 12
is required by every Polperro household for domestic purposes. The negative wellbeing impacts
are as a result of air and water contamination by non-renewable sources like coal which is in
contrast to that renewable energy sources that create minimal or zero contaminations. Wind, solar,
and hydroelectric systems tend to produce power with no or minimal emissions. Geothermal and
biomass systems emit greenhouse pollutants that cause air and water pollution (Brown, 2015). In
simple terms, it can be said that these renewable energy sources of electricity by large green hence
can be classified as clean energy sources.
Renewable energy will reduce electricity bills
Sunshine is a natural resource which is found in the environment in plenty and can be
furthermore be simply harnessed with the use of solar panels. The same scenario is also applicable
to wind energy where wind turbines can harness this energy and convert it into electrical power
without disastrous natural effects. Furthermore, the renewability factor means that their availability
tends to be plentiful and one doesn’t need to buy the sun or the wind. On the other hand, the prices
of coal, gas or oil tend to fluctuate based on the rate of their production. Strong winds, geothermal
energy, sunshine and moving water are capable of giving a consistent, cheap energy supply for the
numerous decades and centuries to come (Brown, 2015). In most cases, renewable energy sources
can be termed as ‘free' as the only costs incurred are in the construction of the necessary
infrastructure that is needed to convert these sources to electricity.
Renewable energy ensures there is a reliable supply of electrical energy
In the Polperro region, the increased installation and implementation of renewable energy
sources will ultimately result in a surplus of electricity. The cheap costs associated with the use of
renewable energy sources will make residents use them more often hence reduce the burden that is

PRACTICAL APPLICATION OF RENEWABLE ENERGY TECHNOLOGY 13
caused by an excess demand for electricity (Manwell, 2012). The resident will have to choose on a
variety of energy sources making people reduce overdependence on electricity as the main source
of energy.
Part C
In this section, Polperro has been chosen as the region to carry out the analysis as the county has a
variety of renewable energy technologies that generate efficient and reliable energy. Some of the
renewable energy combinations are discussed as follows;
Wind and solar power
Windmills are installed in open places where they can harvest the maximum kinetic energy
(wind speed) which is then converted into electrical energy by the use of generators. Windmill
turbine has gearbox which is applied to in increasing the speed of the turbine by the use of gears.
The power is then transmitted to the final consumers where a substation will be used in stepping
down the electrical power. This action reduces the electrical energy to 240 V single phases which
can be used by the final consumers. From the substations, electricity is distributed to several the
final consumers where it will be used in homes, businesses, farms and other places.
Solar energy is exclusively generated from sunlight which is then converted to electrical
energy by the use of Photovoltaic cells (usually known as PV cells). Therefore, the combination of
these two sources of renewable electrical energy will be more efficient, reliable and productive.
For example, take a scenario where electricity generation will remain constant regardless of the
effects caused by the limited amount of daylight hours due to phenomena like cloud cover more so
if there is plenty of wind power (Woofeden, 2014). Alternatively, there can be a generation of
electrical power from the solar panels even if it is not a windy day.

PRACTICAL APPLICATION OF RENEWABLE ENERGY TECHNOLOGY 14
Therefore, the combination of wind and solar power will result in increased efficiency in
electricity production as there will be electrical power that is produced at almost every moment.
Similarly, on a sunny and windy day the energy generated can reach maximum levels. The energy
produced from solar and wind power can be stored using battery packs for later used when there
are high demands for energy and the production is low. Energy production can be low in cases
when there is no wind and at night when there is no sunlight. The residents of Polperro County will
massively benefit by having efficient electricity as a result of the combination of wind and solar
energy
PV and Air Source Heat Pumps
In the past 5 years, many residents of Polperro have installed the Photovoltaic systems and
use them with the air source heat pumps thereby leading to large amounts of savings on money that
would have been spent on huge electric bills. The air source heat pump uses electricity to acquire
energy from the surrounding air. On the other hand, photovoltaic modules are applied to produce
electrical power using solar panels which are used in reducing the electricity bill. The application
of inverter technology can allow the combination of photovoltaic and air sourced heat pumps.
When used together, the two sources of renewable energy will result in the production of more
electrical energy as compared to just one of them. If Polperro County experiences higher and
sufficient renewable energy production, then the electricity available will also be efficient and
reliable.
TASK 3
Part a

PRACTICAL APPLICATION OF RENEWABLE ENERGY TECHNOLOGY 15
The design of the solar system of a 3 bedroom house in London can be described in detail by the
diagram that is below. The system has solar panels which are installed on the rooftop of the
building.
Figure 8: Showing solar panels on the roof (Mayfield, 2019)
The designing of the solar power system for the 3 bedroom house is as below;
Calculation of the quantity of power that is required in the building
This is very important since it will enable the designer to get a good ratio of the PV that is to be
installed.
Obtain the total energy required for the whole house per day;
This is done to enable the designer to know the exact energy demanded in such a building. The
table below gives an approximation of the quantity of electrical energy demanded by every
electrical appliance.

PRACTICAL APPLICATION OF RENEWABLE ENERGY TECHNOLOGY 16
Table 1: Showing energy demand in atypical household
Appliance Appliance
rating in
Watts
Hours/day Wh/day
Ceiling Fan 16
65 1040
750 14 10500
Air Conditioner
Clock 5 24 120
Clothes Dryer 500 0.66
330
Computer (Monitor & Printer) 200 3.33 666
Dishwasher 1500 1
1500
Electric Heater (Portable) 1200 2
2400

PRACTICAL APPLICATION OF RENEWABLE ENERGY TECHNOLOGY 17
Fluorescent lighting 100 5
500
Television – 32” Flat Screen 120 10 1200
Water Pump 1100 1 1100
Total 5540 19356

PRACTICAL APPLICATION OF RENEWABLE ENERGY TECHNOLOGY 18
Total energy demanded per day is obtained by adding all Wh per day and the total is given as
follows;
Total energy demanded per day = 19356Wh.
Next, one needs to obtain the kWh that will be demanded from the PV cells. This is obtained by
multiplying the total demanded energy by 1.3 since there will be some losses in the PV system.
Therefore the energy demanded from the PV modules will be.
Total energy demanded in PV = 1.3 * 19.356
Total energy demanded in PV = 25.1628 kWh
Calculation of the number of PV for the system
Different PV modules tend to have different power outputs. This is highly dependent on the
panel generation factor. For this calculation, this factor is taken as 3.4 which will help us to
obtain the total peak rating needed from the PV modules. This is calculated as below;
PV panels = 25.1628
3.4
PV panels = 7.400≈ 8

PRACTICAL APPLICATION OF RENEWABLE ENERGY TECHNOLOGY 19
When there is decimal in the result the figure is rounded off to the next integer, therefore the
number of PV Panel which will be installed on the roof of the house will be 8 panels.
Similarly, based on the equation above, the energy demanded from solar panels will be;
25.1628
7.4 = 3.4 kW,
Therefore, 8 solar panels will be installed producing 3400 watts energy. Since each of the solar
panels goes for about £7,000, then the total costs for the 8 solars will be = £7,000 * 8 = £
56000.
Selecting Inverter sizing for this solar power
The inverter is very significant here since the electrical produced here is in DC form
hence there is a need to convert this into AC. In this case, the inverter will need to have the same
nominal voltage as the battery which is 12 VDC. The inverter needs to be 30% greater than add
up to Watts of apparatuses.
Therefore the inverter size = 1.3*5540
Inverter size = 7202
The cost of this inverter is approximately £ 38.32
Battery sizing
The size of the battery employed in the storage of electrical energy produced from the solar is
obtained using the following formula;
Battery Capacity (Ah) = Total Watt−hours per day used by appliance × Days of autonomy
¿ ¿

PRACTICAL APPLICATION OF RENEWABLE ENERGY TECHNOLOGY 20
Battery Capacity (Ah) = 19356× 3
¿ ¿
Battery Capacity (Ah) = 58068
6.12 = 9488.23
This battery rating will cost about £ 838
Therefore after the design, the installation of the solar power system is illustrated below
incorporates all systems ensuring that the solar power works effectively. The successful
installation of the panels is only possible after the designing phase has been done perfectly.
Part b
This part focuses on discussing the three major renewable source of electricity that includes
solar, wind and hydroelectric power. These sources tend to be the most common forms of
renewable energy. This discussion will focus on the cost of construction and materials used in
the installation which will give an amount of the total cost of installation of these renewable
energy sources. The following analysis is used to compare the cost of installation of these three
sources in generating the same amount of electrical power. For this analysis, the standard unit
generated will be one megawatt;
Cost of installation = cost of construction + cost of materials used in the installation

PRACTICAL APPLICATION OF RENEWABLE ENERGY TECHNOLOGY 21
Table 2: Showing the cost of installation and construction of renewable sources of electrical
energy
Renewable sources Cost of construction ($) Cost of materials ($) Cost of installation ($)
Wind power 408, 132 3,900,800 4,308,932
Solar power 330344 398,000 728, 344
Hydroelectric power 697,800 3,200,200 3,898 000
The analysis of the cost of the installation of a renewable source of electricity given in table 1
above is just approximation. There are no exact costs as there are a lot of variations due to
factors like the place and country of installation. The country of installation tends to be a huge
factor in the installation costs due to the transportation and shipping costs incurred in moving the
installation materials. If the project is undertaken in a country which manufactures the
installation materials then the installation cost would be lower.
Part c
This is needed to involve some quantitative analysis techniques, more so in cases
where/if the Net Present Value is more than zero then the type of energy generation is liable to
be implemented in generating electricity.
Mathematically, this quantitative analysis can be given as below;
NVA=
∑ Present value of t h e total future benefit−∑ t h e present value of t h e pres ent future cost

PRACTICAL APPLICATION OF RENEWABLE ENERGY TECHNOLOGY 22
P which is the present value is obtained as below
P= F
¿ ¿
P = present value
F= future value
r1 = discount rate
n = period of consideration
F= C0× (1+r2 ¿n Where
n = number of periods
r2 = Rate of return
C0 = Cash flow at initial point (Present value)
Benefit cost Ratio (BCR)
BCR= ∑ Present value of t h e total future benefit
∑ present value of t h e present future cost
Conventional energy sources

PRACTICAL APPLICATION OF RENEWABLE ENERGY TECHNOLOGY 23
Table 3: Showing conventional energy sources CBA
No Parameter Value
1 number of periods in years under consideration 5
2 Cash flow at the initial point (Present value) [C0] $80 million
3 rate of discount (r1) 4%
4 Rate of return (r2) 7%
From equation above, we can calculate the Future Value;
FV= $80,000,000× (1+ 7
100 ¿5
FV= 80,000,000 × (1+0.07¿5
FV=$80,000,000 × (1.07¿5
FV= $80,000,000 × (1.402551)
FV=$112204080
After obtaining the FV we can use equation 2 above to calculate PV;
PV= 112204080
¿ ¿
PV= 112204080
1.21665

PRACTICAL APPLICATION OF RENEWABLE ENERGY TECHNOLOGY 24
PV= $92223794.84
Net Present Value
From equation 1 above we can calculate NVA
NVA= $112204080- $92223794.84
NVA= $ 19980285.16
NVA is more than 0 .
Benefit-Cost Ratio
From equation 4 we can calculate Benefit Cost Ratio as below;
BCR= $ 112204080
$ 92223794.84
BCR = 1.216
Therefore BCR ¿ 1
Renewable energy sources
Table 4: Showing Renewable energy sources CBA
No Parameter Value
1 number of periods in years under consideration 5
2 Cash flow at the initial point (Present value) [C0] $20 million
3 rate of discount (r1) 8%
4 Rate of return (r2) 3%

PRACTICAL APPLICATION OF RENEWABLE ENERGY TECHNOLOGY 25
From equation 3 above, we can calculate the Future Value;
FV= $20,000,000× (1+ 3
100 ¿5
FV= 20,000,000 × (1+0.03 ¿5
FV=$20,000,000 × (1.03¿5
FV= $20,000,000 × (1.159274)
FV=$23185481.48
After obtaining the FV we can use equation 2 above to calculate PV;
PV= $ 23185481.48
¿ ¿
PV= $ 23185481.48
1.469328
PV= $15779649.11
Net Present Value
From equation 1 above we can calculate NVA
NVA= $23185481.48 - $15779649.11
NVA= $ 7405831.54

PRACTICAL APPLICATION OF RENEWABLE ENERGY TECHNOLOGY 26
NVA is more than 0 .
Benefit-Cost Ratio
From equation 4 we can calculate Benefit Cost Ratio as below;
BCR= $ 23185481.48
$ 15779649.11
BCR = 1.469
Therefore BCR ¿ 1
Therefore the best way of generating electrical energy is through the use of renewable sources as
seen from the BCR which is higher with 1. 469.
TASK 4
Part a
Socioeconomic
Basically, socio-economics is how economic activities are manipulated and shaped by
some social processes. In the installation of renewable energy tends to be highly dependent on
the socio-economical factors that are available on the actual ground. For instance, the
installation of renewable energy infrastructure can be low in areas where the locals live below
the poverty line. Such areas will need cheaper or subsidized solar panels as illustrated in table 1.
In most cases the quantity of electricity that is demanded by such people tends to be low,
therefore there will be no need for looking for other alternative sources of energy that may add
burdens to their already difficult lives (Miller, 2012). But if the locals are well off and are

PRACTICAL APPLICATION OF RENEWABLE ENERGY TECHNOLOGY 27
middle-class citizens, then they can be connected to the national grid as well as seek other
sources of energy to control their electricity bills.
Legislative
This is the process of making laws by the relevant authorities in government. Therefore,
this body has the power to implement and oversight electrical installation projects especially
concerning renewable, green and clean energy. The legislature can make policies that are aimed
at banning the installation of Conventional energy sources thereby promoting the installation of
renewable clean energy. If this is done then the installation of renewable energy in a given
country will increase (Boxwell, 2019). Similarly, the legislature can achieve the successful
implementation of the use of green energy by providing some incentives or even making it
mandatory for the government to undertake all the renewable energy projects in the country
Environmental factors
The installation set up and operation of renewable power infrastructure tends to be highly
influenced by environmental factors. Some of these factors include water, sunlight, soil, wind,
natural vegetation and landforms. These factors tend to have an effect on the setup of renewable
energy sources. For instance, installation, set up and operation of renewable source like solar
power will highly depend on the sunlight and vegetation. This power plant will be set in a place
where there is a lot of sunlight and little or no vegetative cover in order to allow the solar panel
to tap as much solar energy as possible. Therefore, this makes the installation of solar panels to
be not suitable in such regions that have a lot of vegetative covers and less sunlight. Similarly,
hydroelectric power plants must be constructed in areas that have a constant supply of water for
perennial rivers.

PRACTICAL APPLICATION OF RENEWABLE ENERGY TECHNOLOGY 28
Part b
PESTLE is an analysis tool which is an acronym for POLITICAL, ECONOMIC, SOCIAL,
TECHNOLOGICAL, LEGAL and ENVIRONMENTAL. Environmental factor analysis can
help to choose the best renewable energy which helps to show this conflict of interest in
renewable energy. The PESTLE tool is analyzed as below;
Political
This factor will highly determine the extent of government influence in implementing or
applying a given form of renewable energy. For instance, the government may impose a duty or
even tax that will lead to changes in the whole revenue generating the structure. In addition, this
factor includes the assistance that the government provides to the locals. For example, the
government may decide to buy solar panels to be used as a source of energy for every school in
the country. This makes the government have total control over the type of renewable energy it
might set up in a given region/area.
Economic factor
This factor determines the performance of renewable energy and its economic impact on
society. For instance, an increase in prices of installation materials of a given form of renewable
energy will in turn influence the successful setup and operation of the renewable energy project
in a given region. Furthermore, if such power plants are constructed and installed for an on-grid
connection then the cost of providing that electricity would be relatively high. Basically, these
economic factors include the foreign exchange rates, the pattern of economic growth, inflation as
well as interest rates.
Social factors

PRACTICAL APPLICATION OF RENEWABLE ENERGY TECHNOLOGY 29
These factors do affect the establishment of renewable energy sources, For instance, in
cases the installation the renewable energy source will be low in areas where people live in
abject poverty and in most cases will rely on the cheapest energy available as outlined in table 1
over. Furthermore, the government and non-governmental organizations should be at the
forefront in offering subsidized infrastructure like panels to people who live below the poverty
line (Boxwell, 2019).
Technological factors
The technology that is used in the installation of renewable energy sources tends to differ. But
the current trend in the technological sector has seen the automation of the majority of the
processes that we use production, manufacturing and other sectors. Similarly, advancements in
technology will be automation in the generation of power using renewable energy sources. But
currently, there is some technology which is in these sources of renewable energy. For example,
in solar technology, there is a solar panel which has been built using a light dependent resistor
that incorporates the Arduino controller thereby aiding in the flow of sunlight thus leading to
maximum amounts of solar energy being harnessed. In wind power harnessing, there is the
application of the Doubly-Fed Induction Generator technology that maximizes the energy output
of windmills.
Legislative factors
Usually, this method involves making laws by the branches within the government.
Hence, this body has total control over the establishment of electricity, more so concerning
renewable energy sources. This body can make an arrangement that can boycott the installation

PRACTICAL APPLICATION OF RENEWABLE ENERGY TECHNOLOGY 30
of conventional energy sources thereby promoting advancement in establishing renewable
energy.
Environmental factors
These factors are great influencers in setting up of renewable electrical sources. For
instance, establishment, set up and operation of renewable source like solar power will largely
depend on the daylight and vegetation. This solar power project should be set in areas where
there's little or no vegetative cover like the arid areas. This will tap the maximum potential of
solar energy as there will be a maximum output of energy that will be generated. Similarly, solar
panels cannot be installed in areas with dense vegetative cover as the out of energy generated
will be low. Also, hydroelectric power plants should be constructed in areas with a continuous
supply of water thereby making HEP plants maximize their full potential by giving maximum
quantities of energy.
Part C
From the above analysis and discussion, environmental factor affecting the selection and
operation of renewable electricity it is clear that solar energy is better as it is cheaper in
installation. Also, the best type of renewable sources of energy can be obtained by checking the
environmental effects that each renewable energy source has. Solar energy can be used together
with battery packs to store the in excess generated electrical energy. Therefore from the above
justification, I can highly recommend the use of solar power to be used in the environment as a
form of renewable energy (Woofeden, 2014). Similarly, the use of solar reduces the effects of
pollution as solar produces minimal or no pollution unlike wind and hydroelectric power which
somehow contribute to noise pollution. Solar tends to be a very silent and clean source of

PRACTICAL APPLICATION OF RENEWABLE ENERGY TECHNOLOGY 31
electrical energy. Therefore, solar power is the best type of renewable energy source is the best
among the other renewable sources of electrical energy.
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