Obesity in England

This report examines the prevalence of obesity in England, focusing on young adults aged over 18 years. It explores the causes, including lifestyle choices and genetic factors, and examines the impact of obesity on individuals and the healthcare system. The report also provides recommendations for preventing and controlling obesity, emphasizing the importance of healthy eating habits and regular exercise.

RESEARCH
SKILLS

Table of Contents
TASK 1............................................................................................................................................1
Covered in PPT...........................................................................................................................1
TASK 2............................................................................................................................................2
TOPIC..............................................................................................................................................2
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................2
LITERATURE REVIEW................................................................................................................2
Actual cause and symptoms of obesity.......................................................................................2
Prevalence of obesity on young population aged over 18 years in England...............................3
Impact of current lifestyle choice in increasing obesity.............................................................3
Recommendations to the young generation to prevent and control obesity. .............................3
RESEARCH METHODOLOGIES.................................................................................................4
Research Type.............................................................................................................................4
Research Design..........................................................................................................................4
Sampling.....................................................................................................................................4
Data Collection............................................................................................................................5
Data Analysis..............................................................................................................................5
Ethical Consideration..................................................................................................................5
DISCUSSION .................................................................................................................................5
FINDINGS.......................................................................................................................................7
REFLECTION.................................................................................................................................9
CONCLUSION................................................................................................................................9
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................10

TASK 1
Covered in PPT
1

TASK 2
TOPIC
“To identify the prevalence of obesity in England in 2010. A case study on England UK.”
INTRODUCTION
Obesity is the new smoking. In England, this disease has become the major concern
because it the prevalence of obesity is increasing in young population. This disease has
researched epidemic proportion globally with at least 2.8 million people dying every year as a
result being overweight or obese. Once associated with high income countries, obesity is now
prevalent in low middle income countries. The roles played by governments, international
partners, non-governmental organisations, civil society as well as all privates sectors contributing
to the prevention of obesity (Huang and et.al., 2015).
This present study will include literature review sections, research methodologies,
discussion, findings and reflection. The study will be conducted on the prevalence of obesity on
young population aged over 18 years.
LITERATURE REVIEW
Actual cause and symptoms of obesity.
According to the Skrove, Lydersen and Indredavik, (2016) Obesity is the major concern
in the world especially in England, UK. Obesity is the serious medical conditions in which
excess body fat has accumulated to an extent which might be have negative impact on the health
of people. Obesity is a leading cause of preventable illness as well as death in United Kingdom.
It is mainly caused by the combination of excessive intake of food, lack of physical, exercise as
well as by genetic susceptibility. In addition to this, current lifestyle is also a major cause of
obesity.
As per the Zhang and Niu, (2016) the symptoms of obesity are very normal like it can be
seen or observed by any individual. There are some most common indication of Obesity like
breathing problems, depression, aching knees, high blood pressure, backache, depression, skin
issues, heartburn, snoring, etc. People suffering from or would be suffered from obesity faced
these issues. Thus, with the increasing prevalence of obesity, it is very important to know and
understand the cause and symptoms of obesity.
2

Prevalence of obesity on young population aged over 18 years in England.
Johnson, and et.al., (2015) said that, Preventable of obesity on young population aged
over 18 years in England is increasing with a very high rate and it is major concern of UK since
2010. Approximate two third of the population is obese. Prevalence of disease is calculated by
dividing the existing cases of disease with the risk of total population becoming the cases. The
first reason of increasing obesity in young population is the contamination of junk food and lack
of exercise. It is becoming very big challenge for UK government because adults are the future
of the country. If they are unhealthy than it is not possible to expect there contribution in growth
and development of UK.
As per the report of National Health Services, it is slow motion car crash in terms of
avoidable illness as well as rising health care costs. The cost of obesity has reached £27 billion in
which medication of obesity, rising use of bariatrics surgery as well as new equipments in order
to meet larger people (Report of National Health Services, 2017). Thus, it is very important that
it should be controlled by hook and crook. It is also noticed that adults are going in depression
only because of overweight which is not a good thing for the country.
Impact of current lifestyle choice in increasing obesity.
According to the Simmonds and et.al., (2016) it is fact that lifestyle choice of people
living in UK is the major concern. There are many habits of adults which are providing loss to
their body. Overweight does not only cause by over eating but the major cause is the modern life
of people. People are consuming high calorie food and in UK people are more like in take foods
items made of finely milled without any bran, refined as well as bleached. Thus, this lifestyle
choice raises the prevalence of obesity in UK.
Ogden and et.al., (2016) said that, another habit or wrong choice of people are
consumption of alcohol. Adults are now consuming alcohol for show off in parties and pubs
which later becomes the habit of consuming daily. Alcohol add calories to the diet, raise appetite
as well as it might interface with the individual's ability to make the right choice about healthy
meals along with portion sizes. Thus, these bad habits are increasing with a very high pace that
results in increasing prevalence of obesity as well as it is raising the concern of UK.
Recommendations to the young generation to prevent and control obesity.
As per the Dietz, (2015) Obesity is prolonged illness that is influencing more and more
children's, adults and adolescents. Prevention and control is very important in any disease, In
3

obesity it is very essential to take preventive measure because if it is not controlled than it leads
the person to the stage of death. People suffering or not from obesity should eat green vegetables,
fruits daily as these are the best and healthy food for all the people. It is also very important that
youngsters should stop eating junk food because these items are very high calories and it is very
bad for the health of person. Butter, ghee, cheese are very high caloric items and it increases the
fat of the person. In addition to this, it is also very important to leave all the bad habits like
consumption of alcohol, smoking habits which are highly observed in youngsters because these
things increases calories to diet.
RESEARCH METHODOLOGIES
Research Type
Research is the defined as the careful consideration of the study regarding a particular
concern by using scientific methods. There are mainly two types of research which are
quantitative and qualitative. Qualitative research are based on the words, feeling and emotions
whereas quantitative research are based on numeric figures. This present research is based on
qualitative method as researcher has taken views of respondents, authors, etc.
Research Design
Research design is also a very important part in the studying any topic. In order to solve
the question of research, it is very important to require a systematic plan and procedure which
can be done by using appropriate method for research design (Thomas, 2016). There are mainly
three types of research design which are exploratory, casual and descriptive. In this present
research, scholar has used descriptive research design so that the participants has been depicted
in any manner.
Sampling
Qualitative research without sampling is not useful because this is the main part for the
study. It is the process to divide the large sample (population) into a small sample, so that it
becomes easy to study and to solve the research questions. There are two types of sampling
which are probability and non-probability sampling (Eaton, 2017). Researcher in this present
research has used pro\ sampling where all the respondents have probability to be selected in the
sample. Scholar has collected data from 20 local citizens of England.
4

Data Collection
Data Collection is the process of gathering as well as evaluating the data on the interest of
variables in established and systematic manner. With the systematic methods it the research
questions are effectively stated. There are two types of methods for collecting data which are
primary and secondary. Researcher has collected data from both the methods like in views of
various authors are taken in the study (Henry and Leone, 2015). Further, research has prepared
questionnaire for survey and ask local citizen to fill the questionnaire. The data collected from
the questionnaire is much more reliable and authentic as well as fresh.
Data Analysis
Data analysis is the process of monitoring, cleaning, transforming as well as modeling of
data with the intention of discovering useful information, informing conclusion and supporting
decision making. There are two methods for analysis the data which are quantitate and
qualitative. Researcher in this present study has used qualitative method where thematic analysis
of data has been done where researcher has prepared charts, graphs and tables.
Ethical Consideration
Ethics are the norms and standard which makes the difference in what is right and wrong.
It is specified as the most significant part of the study. In this present research, researcher has
followed all the norms like consent is free, no any participants is forced to participate, everyone
was free to leave, permission and access are taken before using any sites (Romero-Hall, Hsiao
and Gao, 2018).
DISCUSSION
Questionnaire
Name:
Age:
Gender
1. Do you know about obesity?
 Yes
 No
 Not Sure
2. According to you, what do you think people suffering from obesity faces challenges?
5

 Breathing problem
 Body Shaping
 Depression
 All the above
3. Did you think, obesity cases are increasing day by day in youngsters?
 Highly Agree
 Agree
 Highly Disagree
 Disagree
 Neutral
4.Do you think the choice of current lifestyle is the main reason for increasing the prevalence of
obesity in England?
 Yes
 No
 Not Sure
5.What do you recommend for controlling the risk of having Obesity cases in your city?
 Daily Exercise
 Eat Green vegetable and Fruits
 Stop eating Junk food
Theme 1: Maximum people know about Obesity.
Particulars Respondents
Yes 12
No 5
Not Sure 3
Theme 2: Body Shaping is the major challenge faced by people suffering from obesity.
Particulars Respondents
Breathing problem 5
6

Body Shaping 9
Depression 4
All the above 2
Theme 3: Obesity cases are increasing day by day in youngster.
Particulars Respondents
Highly Agree 9
Agree 3
Highly Disagree 5
Disagree 3
Neutral 0
Theme 4: The choice of current lifestyle is the main reason for increasing the prevalence of
obesity in England.
Particulars Respondents
Yes 14
No 4
Not Sure 2
Theme 5: Recommendations to control the cases for Obesity in England.
Particulars Respondents
Daily Exercise 7
Eat Green vegetable and Fruits 9
Stop eating Junk food 3
7

FINDINGS
Theme 1: Maximum people know about Obesity.
Interpretation: From the above questionnaire conducted from 20 citizens of England
stated that maximum people know about the disease obesity as 12 members are agreed that they
knew in details about obesity. As per the literature review, Obesity is the serious medical
conditions in which excess body fat has accumulated to an extent which might be have negative
impact on the health of people. On the other hand, 5 citizens does not know about obesity as they
didn't see any case of obesity in their life. Only 3 members are confused as they did not have
authentic answer.
Theme 2: Body Shaping is the major challenge faced by people suffering from obesity.
Interpretation: From the above questionnaire conducted from 20 citizens of England
stated that body shaping is the major challenge faced by people suffering from obesity as said by
9 respondents. As per the findings of authors, the entire body shape looks very bad when people
gain weight. 5 members said that, people who gain excessive weight face issues in breathing
problem which cause issues in mobility like they cannot easily move from one place to another.
On the other hand, it has been noticed and supported by the findings in literature review that
people who suffers from obesity goes down in depression especially youngsters. Few 2
participants are supporting all above options.
Theme 3: Obesity cases are increasing day by day in youngster.
Interpretation: From the above questionnaire conducted from 20 citizens of England
stated that obesity cases are increasing day by day in youngsters as said by 9 citizens. They said
that because of luxurious facility's obesity is increasing in young population, As per the literature
review, The prevalence of obesity in England since 2010 is increasing and it is the major concern
of UK government. 3 citizens are also supporting with the same reason. On the other hand, 8
respondents are not supporting as they said that obesity is not increasing only in youngsters.
Theme 4: The choice of current lifestyle is the main reason for increasing the prevalence of
obesity in England.
Interpretation: From the above questionnaire conducted from 20 citizens of England
stated that the choice of current lifestyle is the main reason for increasing the prevalence of
obesity in England as said by 14 participants. They said that because of eating junk food, lack of
8

exercises, obesity is increasing and this statement is supported by Literature review section. On
the other hand, 4 people are not agree as they said that obesity is caused by genetics not by
current lifestyle choice. Only 2 respondents are confused as they are confused.
Theme 5: Recommendations to control the cases for Obesity in England.
Interpretation: From the above questionnaire conducted from 20 citizens of England
provided some recommendation to control Obesity as 9 people said that everyone should eat
green vegetable and fruits as this statement is supported by Literature review section. 7 people
said that individuals should prefer daily exercise so that fat is reduced and the most important but
recommended by only 3 people that everyone should stop eating junk food as this is the main
cause of gaining weight.
REFLECTION
In this present research, I have learned many things which is very important for my
carrier as well as for my health. The entire experience was very good as I have got to know about
the cause, symptoms of obesity as well as all other knowledge on obesity. I feel pleasure in
conducting this research because it is becoming the concern of world population not only
England. I have collected many statical data on the prevalence of obesity which was also one of
the great experience I got (Pickett-Blakely, Uwakwe and Rashid, 2016). Further, the selection of
research methods is somewhat critical task but I have selected the most appropriate methods so
the research questions are addressed properly. Moreover, the data collection task was very
amazing as I get to know the actual feelings and thinking of local people on obesity, not only
government, local citizens are also tensed for increasing obesity in England. On the basis of
effective results, I have noticed that the choice of current lifestyle is the main issue in rising of
this disease. On the other hand, I am very confident that in next research, I can do it more
effectively especially in healthcare section.
CONCLUSION
From the above research, it was concluded that obesity is the major concern in all over
the world especially in England. The choice of current lifestyle is the main reason for increasing
prevalence of obesity in youngsters. The use of research methods was very effective as the
researcher has reach the aims and objectives as well as research questions are stated. The above
report provided recommend to control obesity in which stop eating junk food is on first priority.
9

10

REFERENCES
Books and Journals:
Huang, Y., Chen, J., Yang, J., Song, K., Wang, X., Cheng, X. and Qu, S., 2015. Evaluation of
depressive symptoms in obese patients with or without acanthosis nigricans. Hormones
(Athens), 14, pp.417-424.
Skrove, M., Lydersen, S. and Indredavik, M.S., 2016. Resilience factors may moderate the
associations between pubertal timing, body mass and emotional symptoms in
adolescence. Acta Paediatrica, 105(1), pp.96-104.
Zhang, Y. and Niu, J., 2016. Shifting gears in osteoarthritis research toward symptomatic
osteoarthritis. Arthritis & Rheumatology, 68(8), pp.1797-1800.
Pickett-Blakely, O., Uwakwe, L. and Rashid, F., 2016. Obesity in women: the clinical impact on
gastrointestinal and reproductive health and disease management. Gastroenterology
Clinics, 45(2), pp.317-331.
Johnson, W., Li, L., Kuh, D. and Hardy, R., 2015. How has the age-related process of overweight
or obesity development changed over time? Co-ordinated analyses of individual participant
data from five United Kingdom birth cohorts. PLoS medicine, 12(5), p.e1001828.
Simmonds, M., Llewellyn, A., Owen, C.G. and Woolacott, N., 2016. Predicting adult obesity
from childhood obesity: a systematic review and meta‐analysis. Obesity reviews, 17(2),
pp.95-107.
Ogden, C.L., Carroll, M.D., Lawman, H.G., Fryar, C.D., Kruszon-Moran, D., Kit, B.K. and
Flegal, K.M., 2016. Trends in obesity prevalence among children and adolescents in the
United States, 1988-1994 through 2013-2014. Jama, 315(21), pp.2292-2299.
Dietz, W.H., 2015. The response of the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention to the
obesity epidemic. Annual review of public health, 36, pp.575-596.
Thomas, W., 2016. Research for Indigenous Survival: Indigenous Research Methodologies in the
Behavioral Sciences. Tribal College, 27(4), p.49.
Eaton, S.E., 2017. Book review: Coe, R., Waring, M., Hedges, LV, & Arthur, J.(Eds.).(2017).
Research methods and methodologies in education. Canadian Journal of Educational
Administration and Policy, (184).
11