Primary Health Care Nursing Roles

This article discusses the roles of primary health care nurses in preventing exposure to HIV/AIDS for at-risk populations. It explores the challenges they face and the strategies they use to provide care. The article emphasizes the importance of nurse training and support in the fight against the HIV/AIDS pandemic.

Running Head: PRIMARY HEALTH CARE NURSING ROLES
PRIMARY HEALTH CARE NURSING ROLES IN THE PREVENTION OF EXPOSURE
TO HIV/AIDS FOR AT-RISK POPULATIONS.
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Introduction
Both the World Health Organization and UNAIDS estimate that 33.3 million people
have human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), of which around 10 million people have
received medical treatment and others require control. Although HIV has been discovered for
a long time and has made great progress in expanding prevention over the past decade, today
people are very afraid to communicate with persons living with the HIV/AIDS (H Lambdin et
al., 2015). The anxiety of AIDS is much severe that it is called the most fearful infection and
public health disaster in the health care field. The reason for this concern is that the virus is
still incurable. Regardless of this fact, nurses treat them like other patients. Since the
beginning of the AIDS epidemic in the 1980s, nurses have been involved in supporting the
various capabilities of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) patients (White, Anderson,
Pfeil, Graffman & Trivedi, 2016).
Since the pestilence has developed from a standout among the most genuine general
wellbeing emergencies of the twentieth century along an incessant infection direction to a
treatable and preventable endless sickness, so have a consideration reaction (Famoroti,
Fernandes & Chima, 2013).In spite of the fact that HIV/AIDS is transmitted through sexual
contact, using needles, injects, flushing liquid or further HIV-infected drug injection tools,
rather than through childbirth or breastfeeding, most people have many misunderstandings
about the spread of HIV (Hughes & Alford, 2017).
White et al. (2016) reported the multiple effects of HIV on misunderstandings and
fears of suppliers. A few attendant nurses still have various kinds of dismissal and
renunciation of these patients, and experience pressure, dread, weakness and dissatisfaction
when thinking about HIV-positive patients. They face a variety of practical and ethical

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challenges when providing care. Acupuncture, risky protective instruments and potential
blood or the body liquid introduction are the primary dread components (Evans et al., 2015).
Body
Since the beginning of the AIDS epidemic, nurses have been at the forefront of the
response team to help people manage this deadly infection. Nurses are involved in every
stage of HIV infection, usually the first to provide advice to a newly diagnosed person, and
one of the last to be with him/her at the time of death. Nurses can play a substantial part in
the face of AIDS. At the beginning of the AIDS epidemic, nurses provided a large amount of
in-hospital care during the difficult phase before ART, although there was no record of nurses
infected with HIV in the workplace (Mottiar & Lodge, 2018).
Since the beginning of the AIDS epidemic, there have been some people who are
committed to the care of AIDS patients. However, little research has been done on their
recognition and encounters of AIDS care and their techniques to decrease pressure and
elevate their ability to mind. Depending on the experience of the nurse, physical, expressive
or mental risks as well as stress related with the AIDS care; aspects that can counter the
pressure of the AIDS care. Elevated eagerness for the care; and the specialist suggested by
AIDS pros when caring about AIDS patients, especially at risk but no fear of and bombing of
the senses developed (Kerr, Miller, Galos, Love & Poole, 2013).
Nurses' coping strategies include taking risks, reshaping risks, and protecting
themselves. Emotional stress in AIDS care includes witnessing pain, experiencing unresolved
grief, accepting diversity, emotional connections, harassment of AIDS units and work
requirements, and a decline in teamwork. Adapting methodologies incorporate adjusting
individual and expert life, managing pain, regarding control emotions, overseeing
requirements and looking for help. The nursing attendants keep up their profound point of

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view. They encountered a more noteworthy regular mankind and another point of view
through AIDS care. The results of the study show that AIDS-specific nurses use several
managing approaches. The experience of these professional nurses can help clinicians,
instructors as well as administrators support the care of nurses and increase the quality of the
care for the AIDS patients (García & Côté, 2013).
Certain interventions related to nurses’ capabilities are mandatory for primary,
secondary as well as tertiary prevention. In the principal school stage, preventive behaviour
education takes preference. Similarly, at the secondary stage, when a person receives HIV,
the nurse can assist by educating healthy behaviors that coexist with the HIV virus.
Consultation, providing health information as well as support about physical symptoms is an
important part. In the higher educational stage, the nursing interventions are considered as
more complex, as the quality of the personal life of nurse is compromised. This incorporates
the catastrophic feelings of the nervousness, disgrace, trouble and disappointment among
nurses taking care of the patients with HIV. Although the process, nurses' outlooks toward
people living with HIV are important (García & Côté, 2013).
Nurses want to ensure that their patients receive the best care, but in some cases, such
as taking care of HIV-positive patients, they are under great stress (Chen, Wang, Yang &
Fan, 2016). Nursing pioneers underline that nurses are considered nearest to patients and
ought to improve their expectations of conquering confinement and real depression (Collison
et al., 2016), but all nurses are not prepared to care for AIDS patients. Nurses who are
working with the HIV-positive patients experience many emotional and sensitive challenges.
They use a number of methodologies to ensure themselves, including restricted
correspondence, utilizing wellbeing standards, neutralizing, encouraging family as well as
people support, in addition emphasising religious opinions (Aminde et al. 2015).

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Confidentiality is considered to be rewarding just to HIV-positive patients, yet
destructive to the public, and it is said that it ought to really be deserted. Conversely, nurses
believe that ignorance of the patient's HIV status contributes to the development of
relationships between patients and nurses and the reduction of discrimination. The emotional
care of the HIV-positive patients is considered a nurse's Christian obligation. Although more
or less nurses' attitudes are moral and hypercritical, others require recognition without
judgment as well as emotional support. Several nurses believe that HIV-positive patients
have done crimes, and this seems as the belief that AIDS is a kind of disease that is bought by
people (Greeff et al. 2013).
Regarding the use of universal precautions, it was found in the study that universal
precautions allowed for general care of HIV-positive patients and that each patient was
administered according to these precautions of some participants, whether or not they were
diagnosed as HIV-positive. General precautions are considered to be more important, and
additional precautions are needed even when nursing HIV-positive patients. No additional
precautions are needed when caring for HIV-positive patients this is because already present
knowledge of nurses does not convince them that precautions are unnecessary. The
possibility of dying and being infected is always present in nurses who care for HIV-positive
patients because the nurses witness the death of HIV-positive patients (Koen et al. 2003).
Nurses, as well as doctors and associated health professionals, are leading the way in
HIV care in First World countries in the initial stages of the endemic, and they face a high
degree of politicisation and shame given the nature of the disease and the marginalised
affected people. There is no precedent, and the emerging AIDS care model is responded to by
the crisis, shaping a variety of nursing jobs and solid, adaptable, proficient features. This
difficult workplace is credited to the solid coalition between wellbeing experts and the strong
and flexible segment that is still present today (IsHak et al., 2016). In this most collaborative

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work environment, nurses in all fields work with AIDS specialists, infectious disease
specialists, AIDS specialist pharmacists, social workers and other full-time medical
professionals to provide comprehensive and equitable AIDS care. AIDS specialist nurses
work in a range of areas (IsHak et al., 2016).
The competency standards take into account the different roles of nurses in the
department from the management to the direct medical care to study care, aiming to "direct
the best practices for providing these specialized clinical care services" and provide guidance
for newly developed nurses’ department. The qualities that direct the improvement of
competency standards originate from the medicinal, social as well as political history of the
HIV turmoil, in addition, the complications that are influenced. A mixed approach to care has
been identified by the combine social as well as medical modelling methods that recognize
the social factors of wellbeing while additionally tending to the particular prerequisites of the
disease. The model is based on the standards of essential health care as well as social equity
and means to give backing, wellbeing advancement and availability, fair as well as
comprehensive health care for the entire population (Hopwood et al., 2014).
This approach extends to skilled nurses, to the role of care practitioners, and to
communal health employees to take on some of the nursing responsibilities to upsurge access
to the HIV treatment, care as well as prevention approaches. As the present human resources
disasters affect health care in the resource-poor areas, health care is expected to worsen, and
nurses may work within addition support in resource-poor surroundings to sustenance the
already-expanded AIDS treatment as well as prevention efforts to scale up. Combining these
different health care models is a rudimentary commitment to decrease the load of the persons
living with HIV and continues to expand the response. Although today's AIDS care sector is
very different from the development of the sector 40 years’ prior, the equivalent managing

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reasoning and pledge to essential health care standards remain in an unprecedented sector
(Byrne, 2015).
HIV is progressively being overseen as a chronic disease, and the nurses assume a
substantial job in giving consideration, equivalent to endless sickness the board care for
different ailments. The job of the nurses in managing chronic disease, the executives'
strategies has turned out to be practical and adequate for customers and wellbeing experts.
Nurses are the biggest wellbeing professionals and effectively manage chronic diseases
including AIDS. As medical costs continue to increase and reforms are needed, nurses need
to continue to support in all medical institutions to care for people affected by AIDS to
prevent hospital admissions and prevent patients from being treated (Young, Eley, Patterson
& Turner, 2016).
Conclusion
Due to the deficiency of the knowledge in addition to lack of the knowledge
internalization, nurses' attitudes toward HIV-positive patients are frequently negative, which
leads to a negative emotional experience for patients. In addition, there is a contention
between the nursing attendant and expert esteem frameworks. In spite of the fact that they
explain that their conduct in HIV-positive patients is undefined from their conduct in
different patients, unmistakably the barriers and ways of dealing with stress exhibited by
nurses for decreasing the inner inconvenience their knowledge is not helpful for setting up a
restorative relationship. They are between HIV positive patients. Nurses likewise keep up a
one-sided perspective on the danger of contracting HIV by basically thinking about the
disease through work, and they prevent the hazard from securing contracting HIV in private
life.

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Generally, the part of care associated with the HIV/AIDS avoidance as well as care is
low at entire dimensions, predominantly at the administration level. The capability of
consideration administrations and instruction is to a great extent undeveloped. For the nurses
to make a considerable commitment to the HIV/AIDS plague and every single other program,
care must be created, and the important help should be given. Training nurse leaders,
instructors, trainers as well as role models need to be supported to alter the current approach
towards the poor community and the self-image of the nurses. Cooperation among UNICEF
and UNAIDS programs does not appear to have a structured or formal mechanism for the
planning, info distribution or, more significantly, the assessment and development of the core
constituent of the HIV/AIDS regulate programs (World Health Organization, 2012).
If caregivers are to be fully utilized to fight the HIV/AIDS pandemic, careful
consideration must be given to developing care and midwifery services. With the
determination of refining the quality of the HIV/AIDS care education, UNAIDS managers, as
well as nursing schools, should establish closer associations through cooperation. It can also
be managed through symposium/discussion systematized by the nursing schools, AIDS
project staff as source personnel, nursing schools and Nurses participate in local AIDS drives.
There should be development of teaching materials for the pre-vocational as well as
continuing training, and update nurse/midwife awareness/AIDS awareness of HIV/AIDS.
Nursing representatives must be invited to contribute to national/worldwide HIV/AIDS
program manager’s conferences. World Health Organization should support the
establishment of a team of HIV/AIDS core nurse trainers in the region. Many countries are
planning course reviews for nursing institutes and are that's why an appropriate time is
required to support nursing institutes which are offering courses (World Health Organization
2012).

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