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Problem Solving and Decision Making Assignment

   

Added on  2020-07-22

26 Pages8941 Words160 Views
Problem solving anddecision making

Table of ContentsINTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................1Main body (Pre work)......................................................................................................................11 (a) Design a solution finding model appropriate for your own department........................1Classical model of decision-making.......................................................................................2Rational decision making model............................................................................................61 (b) Different tools that are required when implementing the model of decision making andthe concise description of the models...................................................................................10Implementation of tool and models of decision making......................................................142 (a) Decision making model for reducing the employee turnover in the organisation.......172 (B) Reflective ...................................................................................................................21CONCLUSION..............................................................................................................................21REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................22

INTRODUCTIONDecision making is the process by which individual, organisation, group selects thecourse of action from the different alternative so that problem can be solved. It is being knownthat there are several problems faced by the venture such as employee turnover, compensation,conflict between the employees, negotiation etc. Thus, to solve these problems, firm need to findthe different alternative and then select the best one which can solve the problem effective andefficiently. In simple words it can be said that every decision making process have final choicewhich can be or can not be prompt action. Decision making is the way by which differentalternative being collected and selected which is being based on the different preferences, values,beliefs of the individual who is making the decision. Other than that it can be said that it isthought process of selecting a logical choice from the different alternative available to theperson. When the person is going to any decision, he or she first try to find the different pros andcons of the different alternative so that best choice can be done. There is proper process need tobe followed by the individual when he or she is making the decision which start from therecognising the need of decision and ends with the implementation of the alternative. The reportis going to cover the business problem of Sainsbury which is employee turnover. Other than thatthe report is going to cover the different models of decision making which helps the venture tosolve their business related problem.Main body (Pre work)1 (a) Design a solution finding model appropriate for your own departmentIt is being known that employee turnover is the biggest problem of human resourcemanagement which can enhance the cost of venture as well as it reduces the brand image of theorganisation. Employee turnover is the way by which employee start leaving the venture or theorganisation terminate employee due to their performance or any other issue. When theemployee leave the venture, at that time firm need to find the other applicant who can work forthe vacant job position. This will enhance the cost or organisation for hiring and developing thenew employee in the organisation (Groeneveld and Liebelt, 2017). In order to solve the problem,firm need to make the effective decision. In order to do the same, organisation should implementthe decision making model, which is as follows:1

Classical model of decision-makingIt is the traditional approach in order to understand the individual decision making andthis is made on the based of classical decision making. It is the concept which is mostly linkedwith the rationality or rational decision which is based on the proper prescription anddiscussions. It is the process by which questions is being asked in order to find the differentinnovative alternative by discovering the creative answers. Rationality is equated with scientificreasoning, empiricism and positivism and with the use of decision criteria of evidence, logicalargument and reasoning (Ferré, 2017). Other than that the rational decision are always beingmade with the rationality. This is the approach of decision making which helps the manager thathow they can take the effective decision. This approach also assumes that the manager who istaking the decision should be rational and logical. Other than that it also assume that the decisionwhich is taken by manager should serve the best interest to the manager. Illustration 1: Classical model of decision-making(Source: Decision making models, 2016)The image state that there are several situations where managers need to make thedecision. And when the manager is facing the decision making situation, he or she should collectthe relevant information about the subject so that he or she can make the decision effectively andeffectively. Information plays very significant role in the decision making which helps the2

manager to find the cause and effect of the decision made by them. Information should berelevant to the choice of problem and about the different alternative which is being selected bythe decision maker. Other than that information should also been communicated to all themembers who are involved in the decision making. The firm should involve employees in thedecision making so that they find the different innovative alternative and choices which helps themanager to make the effective decision (Voskuilen and McKoon, 2017). Other than that thedecision which is being made by the manager should made for the organisation interest not forthe self interest of the manager. There are 3 steps that are included in the classical decisionmaking which helps the manager to keep his or her focus on the different facts and logic andignore the inappropriate pitfalls and assumptions. This is designed to help the manager toapproach at the rational or logical decision making. The steps are as follows:Stage 1: List all the alternative courses of action possible and the consequences of thedifferent alternativeThe first stage of the classical decision making is find the problem and what are thedifferent causes of the problem. Further, firm need to find the different alternative which canhelps the organisation to solve the problem. Proper meeting are conducted in the organisation sothat manager can collect the information from different people in the venture. That informationhelps the manager to find the various alternative which can be implemented to attain theobjectives. Other than that meeting helps the manager to find the view points of different peoplewho are involved in the decision making and implementation of alternative. In this stage, all thealternative is being evaluated and then manager find out the different consequences which areassociated with the each alternative (Fahimnia and Farahani, 2017). The key objective of thisstage is reduced the uncertainty in the boniness and external environment, which can be reducedwith the help of evaluation of all the alternative. Further, manager find the different advantagesand disadvantages associated with the alternative. This is done because it helps the manager toselect the best alternative in order to solve the problem. Here the organisation is facing employeeturnover, which is increasing the cost of human resource management and organisation.Manager here need to find the different causes that what are factors which motivates theemployees to leave the organisation (Salas and Martin, 2017). Then manager need to find thedifferent ways by which he or she can retain employees in the organisation such as promotion,3

bonus, incentives benefits etc. he or she need to select the best alternative so that it can not arisein the future and reduce the uncertainty in the future. Stage 2: Rank each alternative from leas preferred to most preferred according to personalpreferencesThis is another important step for the classical decision making, where ranking is beingdone by the manager or decision maker. In this stage, manager analyse the different alternativein order to find the advantages and disadvantages of the alternative. The alternative which havethe highest advantages and lower disadvantages will be preferred by the manager. Other thanthat raking is done by the manager (Huk and Yates, 2017). There are several other factors atwhich selection of alternative is dependent such as financial resources, man power, resourcesetc. When the manager is giving rank to the alternative, he gives on these factors. Rank is givento the alternative and then total is being done. The alternative which get the highest rank will bepreferred by the manager. It is one of the important stage, this is because if the ranking is beingdone in the effective efficient manner, then the decision can be made in appropriate way andthen only it will solve the problem of the organisation. It is being known that reduction ofproblem is totally dependent on the evaluation of various alternative. Different choices are beinganalysed so that they can find the different advantages and disadvantages of the each one andselect the most appropriate alternative. In order to select the alternative, ranking is one of the effective way where ranks aregiven on the basis of different factors which have impact over the implementation of thealternative. Each factor should be taken seriously so that it can not become as a barrier whileimplementing the alternative. It is known that there are several other factors which resist thechange or alternative to be implemented such as employees resistance, finance availability by thefirm, resources etc. Thus, the firm need to consider these factors first and then rank thealternative accordingly so that it can not become the barrier while executing the alternative. Thiswill helps the organisation or individual to select the best alternative so that effective decisioncan be made. Stage 3: Select the alternatives that lead to desired future consequencesThis is the final stage of the classical model of decision making where manager select thebest alternative which helps the organisation to solve the problem. Implementation is the most4

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