Organisational Behaviour: Influence of Culture, Politics, Power, and Motivation in Ryanair

This assignment explores the influence of organisational culture, politics, power, and motivation on individual and team behaviour and performance in Ryanair. It discusses the content and process theories of motivation and provides recommendations for success. The assignment also covers the concept of effective teams and their importance in contrast to ineffective teams.

ORGANISATIONAL
BEHAVIOUR

TABLE OF CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................1
PART 1............................................................................................................................................1
1.how the organisational culture, politics and power in Ryanair have influenced individual and
team behaviour and performance in the organisation..................................................................1
2. Analyse the content and process theories of motivation and motivational techniques enable
effective achievement of goals in Ryanair...................................................................................4
3.The relationship between culture, politics, power and motivation that enables teams and
organisations to succeed, providing justified recommendations for Ryanair..............................6
PART 2............................................................................................................................................6
1. Understand the concept of an effective team as opposed to an ineffective team....................6
2. Analyse the relevant team or group development theories of cooperation within effective
teams............................................................................................................................................7
3. Philosophies and concepts of inform organisational behaviour and influence behaviour
within Ryanair.............................................................................................................................8
4. Critical analysis and evaluation of relevance of team development theories, concepts and
philosophies that influence behaviour in Ryanair to improve business performance and
productivity................................................................................................................................10
CONCLUSION..............................................................................................................................10
REREFENCES..............................................................................................................................12

INTRODUCTION
Organizational behaviour can be defined as a study in which act of people within a group
is observed (Christiana, 2018). It can be used within organizational settings in order to study
overall individuals’ performance and behaviour of their employees within certain activities of
task. This study is majorly done within organizations in order to develop an effective relationship
between company and employees, other than this it also helps an organization in developing
better organizational structure, motivation, employee’s performance, motivate employees,
leadership and many more. Effective organizational behaviour helps in motivating employees
and enhance their overall performance of workers. This assignment will lay emphasis upon
culture, politics and power and the Motivation of Individuals and Teams, within Ryanair, and
Influences on team effectiveness and concepts and theories of organisational behaviour within
Ryanair. Case study that has been focused upon in this assignment is case study of Ryanair.
Ryanair is an Irish budget airline that was founded in 1984 whose headquarter is in Swords,
Dublin. Their main primary operation of Ryanair are in Dublin and London airport.
PART 1
1.how the organisational culture, politics and power in Ryanair have influenced individual and
team behaviour and performance in the organisation.
Organization Culture
Organization Culture is about the shared level of assumptions along with values and belief by
having the behaving the organizations to maintain strong influences over organizations shared
values. on the other hand, culture plays as important aspect in the improving the performance of
Ryanair. The firm will have the clear implications to create understandability as the implication
of model-
Handy’s Model of organizational culture
Power Culture- this have been considered as the situations where the few high level of senior
authority is taking the decision. This is being followed in Ryanair as all level of key decision
making taken by the CEO of the organization Michael O’Leary. As this will be helpful in
improving the decision-making power of organization along with quality improvement
which will be eventually playing success in company.
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Role Culture- in this situation every employee has the clear understanding regarding the role thy
have to play in order to achieve the organizational as well as individual role. This will have
the succession in increasing the firm employee efficiency.
Task Culture
This is the achievement done in the formation of different teams for achieving the organizational
goals. This is needed o be followed from the starting level for increasing solution efficiency and
the determinate flow of ides is perspective manner.
People culture
This is about the developing the with person cultures, individuals very much see themselves as
unique and superior to the organisation. There is more level of absence of such culture in the
Ryanair company as the result large number of employees were not satisfied with the working of
firm.
Hofstede's cultural
This theory has the restating level of framework which have the clear defining of the cross-
cultural communication developed by Geert Hofstede. This theory elaborates society's culture
regarding the value of members as relation to behaviour and structured derived from the
different factor analysis.
This have the major dimension as
Power Distance Index is considered to be high as Ryanair to take power in decision is with just
the CEO of the organization Michael O’Leary
Individual versus Collectivism is about the relationship of the different employees in Ryanair
consisted to be moderate as entire employees are helping out each other in carrying out different
business operations
Masculinity versus femininity is about the equal level o distribution of role in men and women as
this fact is moderate in firm. as there is less level of differentiation between employee of
basis of gender’s
Uncertainty avoidance Index is another dimension which sees at ignorance or avoidance level of
the employee in the organization.
Power
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this have been the ability to work together in particular way. this have been used to influence to
the team behaviour and performance of Ryanair employees. This is order to analysis which have
selection in French and raven model of power are as follows:
Legitimate Power: This is being followed in Ryanair as all level of key decision making taken
by the CEO of the organization Michael O’Leary. This have helped in the experience the best
way of decision-making resources visible at the its best use improving the performance of
organization.
Reward power: there level of senior authority which is reward the employees for the extra
performance. This have the type of power which is enjoyed the senior authority which are not
able to get the comfort they are expecting the origination side.
Expert power the team managers on the basis they are used to have t work in different
employees which have the linking organization which is the company the achieving the success
in the market.
Referent Power: Managers is respected all employees in the organization which have the
influences which is ready to have the follow the managers every easily manner.
Coercive Power- This is the individuals which have the power to punish anyone as the Ryanair
always which takes the step of good building the good working environment in the
organization’s
Chantal’s Characteristics
Political behaviour has been the subset of human behaviours which have the clear level of
involvement of the politic and powered which plays very vital role in influencing the behaviour
of the employee in the organization in both negative and positive way which has impacted the
Ryan air in past also. The manger of the company has the political level of subset in order o
bring the conflict among the employee in order to generate more level of effectiveness in the
firm in perfect manner. This have the resulted in creating the negative impacts in the entire level
of employees which area against the each other for achieving the organizational gaols. Some of
manger have trying of situations to build the competitive skills as for improving the firm
efficiency. This have the political behaviour manager is influencing team behaviour among the
different employee in the organization.
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2. Analyse the content and process theories of motivation and motivational techniques enable
effective achievement of goals in Ryanair.
The motivation can be defined as pleasurable or positive emotional state resulting from the
appraisal of Job experience. In order to draw attention two important aspects in particular, the
emotional attachment an employee has to their job and deliberate review of staff member work
by organization (Camaj, 2019). Motivation can be understand as a cognitive decision making in
which intension is to make behaviour. In order to achieve the specific goal and objective.
Content theories
The content theories are considered as motivation which mainly focused on the internal
to individual that energise or direct behaviour of employee within organization. In general, there
are various motivation theories which always support for compel an individual to act or move
towards the satisfaction of individual requirements (Bowling, Ball and Bird, 2020). Major
content theories of motivations are Herzberg’s motivation, Maslow’s hierarchy of needs and so
on.
Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs
This type of content theory proposed that how employee are motivated by different
needs. It is mainly exits in the form of hierarchical order where identifying their motivational
needs in Ryanair firm.
 Physiological Needs: These are considered the basis human physical requirements which
mainly including water, food and other necessary thing for purpose of survival.
Sometimes, Ryanair Company is setting the specific facilities and services to their staff
members. In this way, it is reflecting in the needs for pleasant in the working
environment and condition. Sometimes, it also satisfied with their payment scale.
 Safety Needs: it can be identified the requirement of Safety as well as security in term of
physical working environment. In Ryanair, manager will provide the better environment
and give a freedom of their employee to do their task in proper manner. It help for
reducing threat as well as emotional distress (Gray, Robertson and Rajendran, 2019). At
workplace, these requirements are reflecting the safe job, benefits and security.
 Social Needs: It is reflecting on the desirable goal which become acceptable by one
peers, loved and part of particular group. In Ryanair firm, manager identify the
requirement which influencing the staff members for establish a good relationship with
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colleagues. In order to participate within the different events, program in the
organization.
 Esteem Needs: This type of requirement related to the desire of positive self-image in
order to receive attention, appreciation and recognition from others. In Ryanair, Esteem
need always reflect on the motivation of employee and increase the responsibility,
contribution and high status to the company.
 Self-actualisation Needs: it is mainly representing the need for self-fulfilment which is
consider as highest need of category. Sometimes, it also concerned about developing
potential for increasing the competence and become a better person. Self-actualisation
needs can be met in Ryanair which providing the opportunities for employee in term of
growth and development, enhancement, achievement.
Process theories
These are generally concerned about the people where how behavior is initiated,
sustained and directed which attempt to find out the relationship among dynamic variables. It
always help for motivating the employee in the organization. In another way, process theories are
helping for examine the individual behavior which is directed to maintain the decision-making
process.
Vroom’s Expectancy theory
This theory is stipulates behavior which can easily understanding choice that are
available for employee. It provide a core idea to derive the job satisfaction and reduce the stress
level among staff members (Pedersen, 2019). It is mainly focused on the individual factor in
term of personality, skills to determine overall performance as well as efficiency.
This theory explain that motivation, efforts and performance within an individual’s
inspiration. In order to consider valence, expectancy and instrumentality. The higher efforts in
relate to overall high performance of employee where how they will participate in the different
operation and function. In this way, it concluded that Vroom’s expectancy theory always
supports for motivating employee to achieve their specific goal and objective.
 Expectancy: it is the strength of belief that one work related to put more efforts. As a
result, it can easily identifying the level of performance.
 Instrumentally: It is representing the employee beliefs that consideration of specific
performance level which will lead to result or outcome.
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 Valence: it refers to the current strength of person and also understanding the preference
for receiving a reward from Ryanair firm.
3.The relationship between culture, politics, power and motivation that enables teams and
organisations to succeed, providing justified recommendations for Ryanair
Motivation, efforts and performance within an individual’s inspiration. In order to consider
valence, expectancy and instrumentality. The higher efforts in relate to overall high performance
of employee where how they will participate in the different operation and function.
Organizations in order to develop an effective relationship between company and employees,
other than this it also helps an organization in developing better organizational structure,
motivation, employee’s performance, motivate employees, leadership and many more. Effective
organizational behaviour helps in motivating employees and enhance their overall performance
of workers. In order to draw attention two important aspects in particular, the emotional
attachment an employee has to their job and deliberate review of staff member work by
organization. This have helped in the experience the best way of decision-making resources
visible at the its best use improving the performance of organization. culture plays as important
aspect in the improving the performance of Ryanair. This is needed to be followed from the
starting level for increasing solution efficiency and the determinate flow of ides is perspective
manner.
PART 2
1. Understand the concept of an effective team as opposed to an ineffective team.
Team is referred as variety of way which including group of people among different
department. It plays important role within “Ryanair” to perform various operation and function.
An effective team always opposed to ineffective team through discussion on point on which they
are completely disagree (Bauer, Estep and Malsch, 2019). In order to introduce the creativity and
change idea before reaching a consensus.
There are different kind of team perform the significant role within organization such as
project team, self-managed, virtual and operational team.
Project team: these are group of people within Ryanair which will create to implement
specific project until completion. Afterwards, it will focus on resolving the issues or problem
which help for achieving the goal and objective.
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Virtual team: these are group of people who will participate in the common project by
establishing collaborative between staff members. It will be creating the virtual work
environment and maintained through IT technologies within Ryanair Company.
Operational team: these are performing the different functions such as financial,
accounting, human resources management and marketing. In Ryanair, These are considered as an
important role playing through operational team to maintain collaboration between them.
Self-managed team: It is a group of employee that’s responsible as well as accountable for
all aspects of producing and delivering a better services. In Ryanair, Manager can assign the task
to employee where each and every individual depending on their skill as well as knowledge. In
this way, they can perform the different task in proper manner.
2. Analyse the relevant team or group development theories of cooperation within effective
teams.
An important aspects of effective team work which entails understanding group dynamic in
term of individual as well as team situation (Bauer, Estep and Malsch, 2019). In order to review
the group development theory or model which often applied in workplace. In this way, it help for
team members to manage the crisis effectively and efficiently.
Thomas-Kilmann conflict model:
It is to be considered as development model which help for handling team conflict among
effective as well as ineffective team. In order to outline five different approaches for managing
team conflict among staff members in Ryanair firm. The approach can impact in both positive as
well as negative manner.
 Competing: It is highly assertive but develop the uncooperative behaviour, characterised
by urge to win at all cost. In some situation, it has found that effective team dominate
other one and engage in the power of struggle.
 Accommodating: it is highly cooperative which seems like a good way to avoid conflict
among team but it also increased self-silencing in term of innovative idea.
 Compromising: this type of approach is the moderate in different scale while it might
seem too constructive. Therefore, it has been increasing the dissatisfaction in result
generation.
 Avoiding: As simply avoid the problem and neglects the requirement for particular
solution. It is becoming feasible solution to find out the better result.
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 Collaboration: it is important to develop the collaboration among staff members so that they
mainly focused on the solution. It became beneficial for entire team to build respect.
3. Philosophies and concepts of inform organisational behaviour and influence behaviour within
Ryanair
There are various kinds of concepts and philosophies that can be used to explain
organizational behaviour and include upon behaviour of employees with the organization
(Zulkifli and binti Ali, 2017). Some of these concepts and philosophies are applications of path
goal theory, resistance to change models, leadership & contingency theory and many more.
Path goal theory: It is a kind of a model which is basically based upon a specific or particular
leadership behaviour or style that fits best or is most appropriate for both employees and working
environment in order to achieve a goal. this theory can also be seen as a process that helps
leaders to select a proper and specific behaviour which is suitable for them in order to fulfil their
employees needs and their working environment so that they can show their employees a
particular path that shows employees a particular obtainment of their daily work activities and
achieve desired goals and objectives. This theory has an assumption that leaders are flexible and
they can change their leadership style as per the requirement of the situation. Path goal theory
can be applied to the current restructuring situation of Ryanair.
Ryanair can use path goal theory to motivate their employees and can also be used for
influencing overall behaviour of the employees. Applicability of this theory within current
situation of the organization help them to motivate their employees, empower team members,
and boost productivity (Vitolla, Rubino and Garzoni, 2017). In restructuring situation of Ryanair
there are some formats in which they can apply path goal theory within their current situation.
First is usage of achievement approach by leaders which helps them to set high standards or
goals for their employees. This approach helps the leaders to guide their employees for achieving
desired goals and objectives. Second is by choosing a proper leadership type based upon the
current situation and needs of their employees. In case of Ryanair they can use directive
leadership type. This type will help them to fully make their employees aware about expectation
that are expected from them, improve their overall performance. This will further help the
employees to identify required necessary skills sets that are required to be improved and
developed within them. Third is by choosing variables of leadership. Choosing appropriate
leadership variables can help Ryanair leaders to identify type of leadership which is suitable for
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them. In case of Ryanair both environment and employee traits are important variables that can
be used for choosing proper leadership type or style. These are some ways in which path goal
theory can be used by leaders of Ryanair for bringing improvement within the current situation
and will also help them in increasing efficiency and productivity of their employees.
Resistance to change models: Various kinds of research explains that before making an
organizational change succeed, it is important for people of an organisation to change first.
People of the organization are the one who take much more time to accept and adopt the changes
and behave in the new expected manner (Chia, 2017). it has been observed that many times
people of an organization resist the changes done within an organization. There are various kinds
of models that can be used to explain resistance to change. One of the models is Scott and Jaffe’s
resistance cycle. As per this theory there are four major phases of response to change: denial,
resistance, exploration and commitment.
 Denial: At this phase employees should be provided with sufficient information and when
they think that change will have little or no impact upon them then in such case, they deny to
adopt change. Leaders should clearly explain type of change that will be brought and ways in
which it will impact employees.
 Resistance: At this stage employees doubt appropriateness of the change and try to resist it.
At this stage leaders should focus upon two- way communication which will help them to
earn their customers trust.
 Exploration: At this phase progress towards acceptance is reflected and positive outcome
from employees is seek.
 Commitment: Managers should therefore use milestone celebrations, rewards and team
building to motivate individuals. This will further help Ryanair to restructure their
organization accordingly.
4. Critical analysis and evaluation of relevance of team development theories, concepts and
philosophies that influence behaviour in Ryanair to improve business performance and
productivity
Team development theories and concepts or philosophies that influence behaviour are inter
related to each other. Both team development theories and philosophies of organizational
behaviour together can help Ryanair to bring improvement within their business performance
and overall productivity. Path goal theory helps the leaders of Ryanair to adopt appropriate
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leadership style and behaviour which help them to positively influence overall behaviour of their
employees and with the help of team development theories like Thomas-Kilmann conflict model
effective team can be developed (Ramdhani, Ramdhani and Ainissyifa, 2017). By adopting
effective leadership style and behaviour will help the leaders to influence their employees so that
they can work effectively in order to achieve desired goal or an objective. With effective team
development theory adoption organization can motivate their employees to effectively work
within teams so that they can together work together and achieve desired objective. Effective
team development theory can also help in motivating employees so that if any kind if change is
brought within the organisation in an appropriate manner. Applicability of team development
theories will help in maximizing benefits of concepts and philosophies of organizational
behaviour and will help in reducing their limitation in a much better manner. For example, top
competitors of Ryanair uses various kinds of team development theories and with effective
leadership and different kinds of development activities they motivate their employees and work
upon increasing their overall performance in a much better manner. Ryanair can also focus upon
integrating their leadership style and team development model or theory in order to influence
their employee’s overall behaviour in a positive manner
CONCLUSION
From above discussion, it has summarised about the organisation’s culture, politics and
power which always influencing the individual, team behaviour as well as performance. It has
identified the motivational theories that always inspire or motivate the employee so that they can
easily achieve specific goal and objective. Furthermore, an effective team has performed the
specific role within organization to improve the performance and efficiency of enterprise
activities. Moreover, it can be applied the concepts, philosophies of organizational behaviour
which help for identifying the current situation or condition.
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REREFENCES
Books and Journals
Bauer, T.D., Estep, C. and Malsch, B., 2019. One team or two? Investigating relationship quality
between auditors and IT specialists: Implications for audit team identity and the audit
process. Contemporary Accounting Research. 36(4). pp.2142-2177.
Bowling, A.M., Ball, A.L. and Bird, W.A., 2020. Exploring Motivational Strategies, Outcomes,
and Theories within the Career Development Event Preparation Process. Journal of
Agricultural Education. 61(2).
Camaj, L., 2019. Motivational theories of agenda-setting effects: An information selection and
processing model of attribute agenda-setting. International Journal of Public Opinion
Research. 31(3). pp.441-462.
Chia, R., 2017. A process-philosophical understanding of organizational learning as
“wayfinding”. The Learning Organization.
Christiana, M.B.V., 2018. Organizational Behaviour. Educreation Publishing.
Gray, S.I., Robertson, J. and Rajendran, G., 2019. BrainQuest: The use of motivational design
theories to create a cognitive training game supporting hot executive
function. International Journal of Human-Computer Studies. 127.pp.124-149.
Pedersen, L.H., 2019. Efficiently inefficient: how smart money invests and market prices are
determined. Princeton University Press.
Ramdhani, A., Ramdhani, M.A. and Ainissyifa, H., 2017. Conceptual framework of corporate
culture influenced on employees commitment to organization. International Business
Management. 11(3). pp.826-830.
Vitolla, F., Rubino, M. and Garzoni, A., 2017. The integration of CSR into strategic
management: a dynamic approach based on social management philosophy. Corporate
Governance: The International Journal of Business in Society.
Zulkifli, N. and binti Ali, K., 2017. Accentuating The Positive Organizational Behaviour and
Work Engagement Concepts Towards Job Performance Quality of Public Sector Staff in
Wilayah Persekutuan Putrajaya. Humanities & Social Sciences Reviews. 5(2). pp.134-
140.
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