Effective Project Management for Hull City's Programmable City Project

This report focuses on effective project management for Hull City's programmable city project. It covers project manager skills, problem-solving, decision-making, project triangle, and more. The report is based on the project of making Hull City a programmable city and focuses on achieving various goals and objectives set by government officials.

PROJECT
MANAGEMENT

Contents
INTRODUCTION.......................................................................................................................................3
Task 1 – Project Manager............................................................................................................................3
Task 2 – Problem Solving & Decision Making...........................................................................................6
Task 3 – The Project Triangle.....................................................................................................................8
Task 4 – Managing Finances.......................................................................................................................9
Task 5 – Risk Management within the Project..........................................................................................10
Task 6 – Conflicts and Negotiation...........................................................................................................16
Task 7 – Teamwork...................................................................................................................................17
CONCLUSION.........................................................................................................................................18
REFERENCES..........................................................................................................................................19

INTRODUCTION
This report helps in understanding about effective management of the project in an
organization. Project management focuses on the completion of the project by effective
utilization of resources and labels available in an organization (Ghansah and et.al., 2021). It is
important for any project manager to effectively analyze external and internal factors in an
organization and understand the need of the project to achieve desired goal and objectives. Every
project manager focuses on completing the project within the desired timeline by top
management and to achieve such deadlines project manager needs to understand the need for
resources for the project and the need for labor for the project. This report focuses on different
stages which help in completing the project effectively and efficiently within an organization and
also focuses on various tools which are used by a project manager to complete the project
effectively. This report is based on the project of making Hull City a programmable city and
focuses on achieving various goals and objectives set by government officials (Kang and et.al.,
2021). This report focuses on Hull City's journey to becoming a programmable city and making
it advance in terms of technology and making Hull City an effective place for various scenarios.
This project focuses on making Hull City a smart city and working with public and private
sectors to ensure that benefits should be delivered to businesses communities and people of local
society. The project manager needs to execute such projects need effective planning and with the
help of effective planning project manager can ensure that desired goals and objectives should be
achieved within the desired timeline. Hull City focuses on upgrading itself over the last five
years and it has a small little population of around two lacs sixty thousand.
Task 1 – Project Manager
This part of the report focuses on understanding the skills which are needed for a project
manager to complete the project of making Hull City a smart city and a programmable city. The
project manager plays a crucial role in the completion of the project as the project manager is
responsible for planning the project and focuses on executing its plan effectively and efficiently.
The project manager also focuses on executing the plan with efficiency and ensure that all its
team members understand their roles and responsibilities which can help its team to achieve the

desired goals and objectives within the desired timeline set by an organization. In this scenario, it
focuses on making the whole city or smart city with the help of resources and ensuring that it
should be completed within the budget which is provided by local authorities to the project
manager. A project manager's skills are very straightforward as its role is responsible for keeping
the projects on track and making them successful and effective (Niederman, 2021). The project
manager needs various skills which are mentioned below:
 Planning project from starting to end
 Understanding the need for timelines and activities
 Understanding the project risk and opportunities which can help in making the project
successful
 Ensuring that each stage of the project life cycle should be effectively executed while
maintaining efficiency
 Managing the budget of the project effectively and focuses on allocating resources for
projects efficiently
 Effectively communicating with all these stakeholders which are involved in the project
and could contribute to making the project successful
 Solving the problems and challenges faced during the project completion
 Delivering and maintaining the efficiency and ensuring the project should be completed
within the desired timeline
Project manager skills also focus on planning and forecasting projects it is one of the
important skills which is required in a project manager by any organization. This skill could help
the project manager in understanding the challenges including the project and also help the
project manager in understanding the requirement of the project (Vrchota and et.al., 2021).
Effective planning and forecasting help in the effective allocation of resources and budget for
projects which also helps project managers in maintaining effectiveness and efficiency during
their job.
Another skill that is required in project managers is the effective management of risk
included in the project. Commonly, every project has its dress and it might affect the project in
various ways but as a project manager one needs to ensure that all the risks should be evaluated
and focusing on minimizing the effect of risk on the project. Such effective planning could help

the project manager in minimizing the risk of eliminating the risk which can affect the efficiency
of the project in a future scenario. Project managers are not only responsible for understanding
the risk involved in the project but also responsible for anticipating such risk which can be
avoided by taking effective steps.
Another major skill of a project manager involves budgeting for projects as without
budget projects cannot be completed. It is important for a project manager to effectively utilize
the available budget and ensuring that there should be any type of financial constraint faced by
the project team during the process of completing the project. Effective budgeting helps project
managers in completing projects within desired timeline and resources.
The project manager has to ensure that project should be on the dry path and for this
project manager have to track and monitor the progress of the project on either a weekly basis or
a monthly basis (Wu and et.al., 2021). Monitoring could help project managers in understanding
project progress or understanding about which stage is in the project and effective monitoring
would help the project manager in executing their plan effectively according to their need.
Effective tracking and monitoring also help in making the performance better of the team which
helps in achieving the higher business goals and objectives.
Various methodologies in project management can help a project manager in completing
its project an understanding as well as overcoming any kind of constraint faced by the project
manager. Experience and scale project managers are familiar with such methodology which can
help them in completing the project and understanding which methodology fits their project
needs. a project manager needs to organize weekly meetings and review meetings which can
help in understanding the progress of the project (Wu and et.al., 2021). The project manager
should be skill and expertise at leading the meetings and effectively creating a project manager
should be skill and expertise at leading meetings and effectively creating agenda making notes
and following up on the progress of the project and creating agenda making notes and following
up on the progress of the project.
The project manager should effectively lead their team towards success because effective
leadership skills or project manager could help in completing the project effectively and
efficiently. project managers are responsible for setting up the mission and vision of their team

and ensuring that every member of the team should be motivated and should work hard towards
the completion of the project. The project manager should effectively communicate with their
team members and help them in understanding the goals and objectives which are desired from
them. The project manager should coordinate with its team members and understand that all the
activities and tasks should be completed within the desired deadline. It could help the project
manager and keeping the team intact and leading its team toward success and efficiency.
The project manager has to focus on managing their time effectively and for that project
managers focus on making effective agendas and communicating effectively with other
departments of an organization. Establishing a detailed purpose and objective for someone being
in there in the first place is the first component in establishing team spirit. Once that has been
determined, this is always a good idea to undertake little connection development whereas the
group is defining and preparing the program. The grasp of how collaborative teamwork is at the
heart of this. Among the most common reasons that what a program fails that is coming in
delayed, beyond budget, and with bad performance is a communication gap. Productivity is
improved, second-guessing is eliminated, and disguised motives are eliminated when
information is transparent, genuine, clear, and precise both vertically and horizontally within a
company. Management, collaboration, goal setting, negotiation, team building, and reflective
practice are among the most crucial talents of a project manager. He or she should also be alert
and responsive with program management sources and make full use of such tools available to
them.
Task 2 – Problem Solving & Decision Making
Stakeholders of a project can be defined as a party that has an interest in the actions of the
company or can be influenced by the same (Arturo-Delgado and Díaz-Piraquive, 2021). The
primary stakeholders of the respective project include the members of HC Council, customers,
investors, suppliers as well as the team members of the project. It can be said that the
stakeholders play a significant role in the different activities that are undertaken by an
organization because they can contribute significantly to making informed decisions. It is
important for the project manager of the Smart City OS project to take into account the key
stakeholders in order to keep them informed about the different activities that are undertaken by

the company. on the other hand, a stakeholder influencer map can be referred to as a tool that is
used by organization in order to identify, organize as well as document the stakeholders and the
interactions between them. The key stakeholders of the respective project based on their power
and interest are as follows –
High Power, High Interest - These are those stakeholders that have to be managed
closely and in context of the respective project, the different stakeholders will include the board
members of the HC Council, the people living in the city etc.
High Power, Low Interest – These are the stakeholders who have high power and low
interest in the activities of the project (Butler, Vijayasarathy and Roberts, 2020). It is important
for the project manager to keep these stakeholders satisfied about the important activities of the
project. It has to be kept in mind that not a lot of information is given to them so that they get
bored. The main stakeholders in context to the respective project will include suppliers, investors
etc.
Low Power, High Interest – These stakeholders are the ones who have to be kept
satisfied and employees are the stakeholders who are included in this category.
Low Power, Low Interest – Cleaners, security guard and receptionist are some of the
stakeholders that come under this category. the project manager will only have to monitor these
stakeholders from time to time.
It can be said that these stakeholders are the most critical stakeholders because they can
have an influence on the project and also, they can be influenced by the decisions that are taken
during the course of the project (Calvert, 2021). Apart from this, these stakeholders are also
important because they can provide important insights to the project manager while making
important decisions. There are different ways in which the stakeholders identified for this report
will be kept informed through emails, regular meetings as well as virtual presentations. Apart
from this, a project summary report can also be used to inform the stakeholders about the
different activities that will take under Smart City OS project. Email is one of the most popular
equipment to use for stakeholder communique. It has a number of blessings such as instant
shipping of statistics, proof of sending, it makes it less complicated to control communications
with each stakeholder and the mission manager can also screen engagement and open costs.

Scheduling a collection video call once a week to offer a precis of the mission and to offer any
updates (5 Tips on How To Communicate With Stakeholders Effectively, 2021). These are often
appropriate to have if there may be a surprising impediment which wishes to be addressed
speedy. Jump onto a Zoom name and speak right away. When using it for a weekly update on
venture status, have a time table prepared and leave time in the end for questions.
Task 3 – The Project Triangle
The Project Triangle or Iron Triangle expresses the Triple Constraint of time, price and
great or scope that should be managed in assignment transport. Each constraint is connected and
shifting one factor of the triangle will affect the opposite two factors. The venture triangle is a
critical concept in task control, because it helps illustrate the significance of nicely managing
task constraints. In venture control, constraints are any barriers that are located upon the project.
These are restrictions that the task manager and team must paintings within. There are different
parameters of the project triangle that have to be kept in mind while undertaking the Smart City
OS project (Favari, 2020). There are 3 predominant interdependent constraints for each
assignment; time, cost and scope. By using low quality sources to perform venture cut-off dates
does now not ensure success of the overall challenge. Like with the scope, fine will also be a
vital deliverable for the mission. The time constraint refers back to the venture’s time table for of
entirety, including the deadlines for every section of the challenge, as well as the date for rollout
of the very last deliverable. The scope of a challenge defines its unique dreams, deliverables,
features, and functions, further to the tasks required to finish the venture. The cost of the
challenge, frequently dubbed the project’s price range, incorporates all the monetary assets
needed to complete the assignment on time, in its predetermined scope (Greer and Carden,
2021). Keep in thoughts that cost does not simply suggest money for substances — it
encompasses expenses for exertions, companies, nice control, and other elements, as nicely.
Poorly managed or uncontrolled adjustments can harm your undertaking severely,
leading to overlooked closing dates, finances overruns, or even challenge failure. Adding more
work and requiring more finances and resources may additionally affect the capacity to supply
on the right track. Rapid trade can force companies to restructure and make modifications to
maintain their aggressive benefit. Change usually makes product existence cycles shorter which

calls for expanded investment in research and improvement to keep a balanced portfolio of
products. Change as a result of this new venture can impact techniques, systems, tools, activity
roles, workflows, mindsets, and behaviors. Individuals face up to change for commonplace
reasons. Therefore, these are some of the impacts of possible changes to the respective project in
a significant and thus, it is important to take the same into account.
Task 4 – Managing Finances
As already mentioned, for a city to become smart, the combination of technologies and
disciplines play a major role. Over the past years, there have been considerable developments in
the respective city, Hull (Habermann and Schmidt, 2020). There are various resources that will
be required for undertaking this project in an effective manner. It is important to take these
resources as well as their availability into account so that the project is completed in an effective
manner. Information technology systems is the first resource that will be required to complete
the same. Each of the systems will process the data from a variety of sources. Since the project is
to convert the city into a smart city, it is important to have an area wide connectivity so that the
smart city services can be delivered in an effective manner. Sensors will also be needed in order
to collect real-time data and this is important for the overall effectiveness of the project. The
sensors will be helpful in enhancing the overall effectiveness of the city and hence, asset
management software can also be used for the same (Kock and et.al., 2020). Apart from this,
when the different resources are being taken into account, it is important to identify the most
appropriate cost estimation techniques. For instance, analogy, actual costs, parametric costs.
By choosing the most effective cost estimation method, the project manager will be able
to manage the expenses in an effective manner and hence, it can be said that the most appropriate
and effective cost estimation technique for the respective project will be analogous estimating. In
this, the project manager will calculate the estimated costs of a project, based on the costs that
are associated with a similar project. It can be said that this cost estimation techniques will be
effective because it will help in managing the expenses in an effective manner. this is also
because no two projects are same and hence, this type of cost estimating technique will be
helpful in refining the estimation at any point of the project. Therefore, these are some of the

resources that will be required for the completion of the project as well as the most effective cost
estimation techniques.
Task 5 – Risk Management within the Project
Risk management can be defined as the process of identifying, assessing as well as
controlling threats that can impact on the overall performance as well as profitability. it is
important to analyze the different risks so that effective strategies can be developed for
addressing the same. Risk management is important for any project because it creates a safe as
well as secure work environment for the staff members. Also, there is an increase in the stability
of the business operations (Kreiner, 2020). A risk register can be referred to as a document that
records all of the risks that can have an impact on the operations of the project, the likelihood of
the occurrence of the risk as well as the actions that will be required for managing the same. The
risk register for the respective project is as follows -
S. No. Risk Impact Probability Level of Risk Action
1. Environmental
Risk
There can be
various hazards as
well as natural
disasters that can
impact the
respective project
of the Smart City
OS. The
environmental risks
can have serious
impact on the
health of the
citizens.
The probability of
the environmental
risks is medium.
7 In order to eliminate
and avoid the
environmental risks,
there are different
actions that can be
taken such as the
project team should
comply with the
environmental duties
as well as
obligations. This
will ensure that the
project is completed
in an effective
manner and that
there is no negative

impact on the
environment.
2. Financial Risk Finances play a
significant role
when a project is
undertaken (Lee
and Kim, 2020). In
context to the
respective project,
lack of properly
developed budget
as well as funds can
lead to impacting
the way in which
different activities
of the project.
The probability of
this particular risk
is moderate and
hence, it is
important to
identify as well as
analyze the
different financial
risks such as delay
in the delivery of
goods, debt load as
well as delay in the
payment to
suppliers.
8 It is important to
take action against
as well as adopt
effective measures
to avoid and
eliminate these risks.
One of the actions
include maintaining
adequate amount of
funds for the
emergency. Also,
one of the other
ways is to diversify
the investments.
This will ensure that
funds are available
in case an
emergency situation
strikes up.
3. Strategic Risk Strategic risks can
be referred to as the
internal as well as
external events that
can make it difficult
for the organization
to achieve its
estimated goals as
well as objectives.
The different
The probability of
the strategic risk is
high. This is
because any
changes or
variations in the
factors can take
place.
9 In order to overcome
the strategic risks,
various measures
can be adopted such
as the project goals
and objectives
should developed in
an effective manner
and the staff
members of the

strategic risks can
include stakeholder
pressure, changes in
the market trends
and consumer
demands etc. These
risks can have a
serious impact on
the functioning of
the organization in
the long-term.
project should have
a clarity about their
roles as well as
responsibilities.
4. Reputational
Risk
Reputational risk
means that there is
an impact on the
reputation of the
project. The impact
of the same can
arise because of
some employees
who are not
engaged as well as
committed to their
jobs.
The probability of
the risk can say to
be moderate.
6 Different actions
that can be taken in
order or eliminate or
avoid reputational
risk can include
focusing on a
positive image as
well as
communication
among the team
members (Magylaitė
and et.al., 2020).
Apart from this,
response and
contingency plans
should also be
developed.
5. Compliance
Risk
It can be referred to
as another type of
risk which involves
The probability of
the respective risk
is low because the
7 The various
measures that can be
taken include

potential exposure
of an organization
towards legal
penalties as well as
material losses.
Compliance risk
can have a
significant impact
on the overall
operations of the
firm.
project manager
will take these
same into account
and thus, overall
project goals are
achieved.
understanding the
policies for the
same.
6. Operational
Risk
Operational risks
can have an impact
on the overall
activities as well as
different tasks that
are a part of the
project. The impact
can also include
losses
(MAHFOUD,
2020). Therefore, it
is important to
manage the same in
an effective
manner.
The probability of
this risk is high
and thus, it is
important for the
project manager to
analyze the same
in an effective
manner.
9 One of the actions
that can be taken for
managing the risk
can include
managing any
equipment failure in
an effective manner
and having an
adequate assurance
can help in
eliminating or
reducing the
operational risk.
Apart from this,
changes and
modifications should
be made to the
processes.
7. Technological
Risk
Advancements in
technology has
The probability of
this risk is high
9 In order to manage
the technological

transformed the
way in which
different activities
as well as tasks in a
project are
undertaken. Impact
can include
financial loss,
disruption, failure
of the information
technology systems
etc.
because this can
have an impact on
the overall
operations of the
same.
skills, the different
measures that can be
taken in order to
manage the same
can include
analyzing security
threats, analyzing
the risk of hardware
as well as software
failure. Apart from
this, another
measure can include
identifying the
controlled
technology as well
as analyzing
outsourcing risks.
8. Skills Resource
Risk
A resource risk can
be referred to as the
chance that will fail
to meet the goals
and objectives of a
project because of a
lack of resources
(Martinsuo and
Geraldi, J., 2020).
The impact of this
risk can be
significant and
these resources can
include finances,
The probability is
moderate because
a lack of the
resources can have
an impact on the
operations of the
Smart City OS
project.
6 In order to eliminate
this risk, the project
manager should
analyze the
availability of the
different resources
that will be required
for undertaking the
project.

skilled workers or
time.
9. Market Risk The trends as well
as demands in the
market keeps on
changing. This can
create a possible
risk on the overall
performance as
well as outcomes of
the respective
project and
therefore, it is
important to take
the same into
account.
The probability of
this particular risk
is high because of
changes in market
as well as the
business
environment.
8 In order to eliminate
or manage the
market risk, it is
important to analyze
the different factors
that can have an
influence on the
business operations.
Apart from this,
effective strategies
should be developed
and the performance
of the project
operations should
also be analyzed.
10. Competitive
Risk
Competition is
another major risk
that can have an
impact on the
respective project,
Smart City OS.
This is because
there are many
cities besides Hull,
that are
technologically
advanced and can
said to be smart
cities.
The probability of
this risk is
moderate to high
and hence, it
should be taken
into account.
8 In order to eliminate
the same, the
competition in the
market should be
analyzed as this will
help in gaining
useful insights.
Apart from this, the
project manager
should target and
implement new
innovations in the
project this is
because it will help

in eliminating the
competition risk for
this project.
Therefore, it can be said that a risk register is important and can help the project manager
in assessing the different risks that can have an impact on the overall operations of the project
(Masia and Poll, 2021). Therefore, it can be said that it is important for the management to
analyze the same and hence, develop effective strategies or adopt appropriate measures based on
the same. This will ensure that the project is conducted in an effective manner and that the goals
as well as objectives are achieved in a significant manner. Therefore, it can be said that a risk
register should be maintained for the respective project, i.e., Smart City OS.
Task 6 – Conflicts and Negotiation
There can be potential conflicts that can arise during the respective project of the Smart
City OS. Construction is all about teamwork. You want to have people that are informed
sufficient to make their very own judgments and are group-oriented for the sake of the mission.
Group variations, one of the five styles of battle in challenge control, can happen when two
distinctive businesses of people don’t work correctly due to their variations (Mitrofanova and
et.al., 2021). By far, a lack of communique will do the maximum harm to a creation project.
Giving wrong or unclear commands can set a project again. Poor management can take place
whilst a creation manager isn't always acting at an most desirable stage and is slowing down the
progress of the project. When there is negative leadership, problems along with time constraints,
unclear instructions, and confusion approximately worker roles arise. These troubles sluggish
down the pace of the project and increase the general expenses. Compared to a lack of
communication, poor leadership is just as bad, if not the worst conflict to have out of the 5 types
of conflicts in challenge control. When there are conflicts on the construction site, human beings
need to paintings collectively to come up with possible answers.
It is important for the project manager to resolve these conflicts and ensure that the team
members work in coordination with each other (Morris and et.al., 2020). For instance, the project
manager should listen to the view point of each of the team members so as to come up with a

solution. Apart from this, the project manager should define the behavior which is acceptable
within the team. This can be an effective strategy to eliminate or reduce the overall probability of
a conflict taking place in the same. Also, the project manager should avoid jumping to
conclusions straight away and instead, offer guidance to the team members to ensure that there is
a mutual level of understanding among the different members of the team. Promoting
collaboration can also said to be an effective conflict management strategy that can help in
enhancing the overall way in which team members work with each other and hence, generate the
expected outcome. It can be said that application of these strategies is important because they can
help in ensuring that the project is conducted in an effective manner and that the goals as well as
objectives of the pro are also achieved (Sundberg, Rapp and Keller, 2021). Conflict management
strategies can help in eliminating or reducing the conflicts that may arise among the different
members of the team. And it is important for the manager to ensure that the conflict is resolved
in a professional manner and quickly (Zubizarreta Irure and et.al., 2020). This is important
because it can help in ensuring that the efficiency of the team is maintained throughout the
course of the project in the future.
Task 7 – Teamwork
Teamwork can be defined as collaborated effort of a group of people in order to achieve a
pre-determined goal. Today, employers consider teamwork to be one of the most important skills
that employees should have. Teamwork is important and can help in enhancing the overall
quality of the outcome of the project (Teixeira and Scafuto, 2020). Working in a team has
various benefits for the project as well as the individuals. This is because the employees het a
chance to enhance their knowledge as well as develop new skills from each other. The project
manager plays a significant role in building a highly successful team for the respective, Smart
City OS project. In order to build a team that is highly successful, the project manager should
promote team work among the group members so that they are able to work collectively. Apart
from this, balance within the team should also be maintained and effective communication
should also be promoted within the workplace.
Apart from this, in order to build a diverse team, the project manager should promote
including people belonging to different backgrounds as well as cultures (Tews and et.al., 2020).

This is because it will help in promoting overall morale as well as confidence of the employees.
Apart from this, it can be said that there can be various challenges that can arise because of
working in diverse teams. For instance, there can be situations of conflict and communication
issues. This is because it can have an impact on the overall performance or outcomes of the
project. Another challenge is that there can be an impact on the overall decisions that are taken
by the team members of the project manager.
CONCLUSION
From the above report, it can be concluded that project management ensures that a
project is conducted in an effective manner. There are many internal as well as external factors
that can affect the overall functioning of the project and it is important for the project manager to
identify these factors. This is because it helps them in developing effective strategies as well as
plans in order to achieve the established goals in an effective manner. Also, in order to ensure
that a project is completed effectively, there are different resources that are required and they
should be utilized in the most efficient manner. The project manager plays a major role in the
course of a project and ensures that each of the team members work in an effective manner and
put in their best efforts to complete the tasks that are assigned to them. Apart from this, there can
also be different situations of conflict among the team members and hence, it is important to
analyze the same and come up with the most effective solutions for the same.

REFERENCES
Books & Journals
Arturo-Delgado, B. and Díaz-Piraquive, F.N., 2021, July. Project Management in Small and
Medium Enterprises to Improve Management Knowledge. In International Conference
on Knowledge Management in Organizations (pp. 197-211). Springer, Cham.
Butler, C.W., Vijayasarathy, L.R. and Roberts, N., 2020. Managing software development
projects for success: Aligning plan-and agility-based approaches to project complexity
and project dynamism. Project Management Journal, 51(3), pp.262-277.
Calvert, C.A., 2021. Transforming student career paths into a project to increase engagement in a
project management course. Journal of Education for Business, pp.1-11.
Favari, E., 2020. Sustainability in (Mega) Project Management—A Business Case for Project
Sustainability. In Megaproject Management (pp. 15-26). Springer, Cham.
Ghansah, F.A. and et.al., 2021. Exploration of latent barriers inhibiting project management
processes in adopting smart building technologies (SBTs) in developing countries.
Construction Innovation.
Greer, T.W. and Carden, L.L., 2021. Exploring the gender wage gap among project managers: A
multi-national analysis of human capital and national policies. International Journal of
Project Management, 39(1), pp.21-31.
Habermann, F. and Schmidt, K., 2020. The project canvas: five years evolution of a project
management instrument. International Journal of Management Practice, 13(2), pp.216-
236.
Kang, J.N. and et.al., 2021. A social learning approach to carbon capture and storage
demonstration project management: An empirical analysis. Applied Energy, 299,
p.117336.
Kock, A. and et.al., 2020. Project portfolio management information systems’ positive influence
on performance–the importance of process maturity. International journal of project
management, 38(4), pp.229-241.
Kreiner, K., 2020. Conflicting notions of a project: The battle between Albert O. Hirschman and
Bent Flyvbjerg. Project Management Journal, 51(4), pp.400-410.
Lee, S. and Kim, S., 2020. Impacts of Low User and Project Management Risk on IT Project of
Public Sector: The Moderating Effect of User Knowledge. Journal of Digital
Convergence, 18(6), pp.187-196.
Magylaitė, K. and et.al., 2020, October. A Case Study of Applying Gamification in Teaching
Project Management. In International Conference on Information and Software
Technologies (pp. 321-333). Springer, Cham.
MAHFOUD, H., 2020. What can we learn about educational project management in times of
covid-19?. International Journal of Educational Research Review, 6(2), pp.75-81.
Martinsuo, M. and Geraldi, J., 2020. Management of project portfolios: Relationships of project
portfolios with their contexts. International Journal of Project Management, 38(7),
pp.441-453.

Masia, O.A. and Poll, J.A.V.D., 2021. A framework for agile project management for the water
industry in developing economies. Journal for Global Business Advancement, 14(1),
pp.70-92.
Mitrofanova, Y.S. and et.al., 2021. Project Management of Smart University Development:
Models and Tools. In Smart Education and e-Learning 2021 (pp. 339-350). Springer,
Singapore.
Morris, A. and et.al., 2020. Project management maturity levels and organizational revenue in
New South Wales local government. The Journal of Modern Project Management, 8(2).
Niederman, F., 2021. Project management: openings for disruption from AI and advanced
analytics. Information Technology & People.
Sundberg, K., Rapp, B. and Keller, C., 2021. Modern project management: Challenges for the
future. In Management and Information Technology after Digital Transformation (pp.
93-104). Routledge.
Teixeira, R. and Scafuto, I.C., 2020. Absorptive Capacity in Project Management: A Systematic
Literature Review. Future Studies Research Journal: Trends and Strategies, 12(3),
pp.438-457.
Tews, T. and et.al., 2020. Innovation in project management education-let's get serious!.
Construction Economics and Building, 20(3), pp.124-141.
Vrchota, J. and et.al., 2021. Critical success factors of the project management in relation to
industry 4.0 for the sustainability of projects. Sustainability, 13(1), p.281.
Wu, C. and et.al., 2021. Ontological knowledge base for concrete bridge rehabilitation project
management. Automation in Construction, 121, p.103428.
Zubizarreta Irure, M. and et.al., 2020. Evaluating Disruptive Innovation Project Management
Capabilities.
Online
5 Tips on How To Communicate With Stakeholders Effectively. 2021. [Online]. Available
through:<https://www.swiftdigital.com.au/blog/how-to-communicate-with-
stakeholders/>.