Project Management Methodologies

This assignment focuses on exploring various project management methodologies. Students are expected to delve into the characteristics, advantages, and disadvantages of different approaches like Waterfall, Agile, Scrum, etc. The goal is to understand how these methodologies are applied in diverse industries and contribute to successful project completion.

Running head: PROJECT MANAGEMENT METHODOLOGIES
Project Management Methodologies
Assignment Number
Name of the Student
Name of the University
Author’s note

1PROJECT MANAGEMENT METHODOLOGIES
Table of Contents
Task A........................................................................................................................................2
Project Management for Software Development Company..................................................2
References..............................................................................................................................4
Task B........................................................................................................................................5
Project Management in engineering and construction domain..............................................5
References............................................................................................................................12
Task C......................................................................................................................................13
Project management in accounting firm..............................................................................13
References............................................................................................................................17
Task D......................................................................................................................................18
Executive Summary.............................................................................................................18
Introduction..........................................................................................................................18
Tools and techniques available to David to locate the cause of the problem......................18
7QC tools and Six Sigma tools analysing the causes for students’ poor performance........20
High-level continuous improvement plan and a detailed implementation plan for David and
his School.............................................................................................................................21
Anticipating difficulties that may arise when implementing the proposed plan..................24
Long-term benefit of proposed continuous improvement plan............................................25
Conclusion............................................................................................................................26
References............................................................................................................................27

2PROJECT MANAGEMENT METHODOLOGIES
Task A
Project Management for Software Development Company
Client A is one of the software development companies that develop projects mainly
for the start-up enterprises. The small and medium-sized companies are basically focussed on
developing the small applications to test the current market scenario. Those companies are
focussed on to turn their ideas into cash flow. The enterprises have no definite plan. They
have multiple demands and are constantly changing plans (Moran 2015). Client A follows the
traditional project methodology model that is the Waterfall model. The waterfall model is
really very difficult to follow when the clients are constantly making changes in their
deliverables. The waterfall model considers a fixed deliverable from the beginning and works
until the end. However, Client A can take up the agile methodology on their premises to solve
the customers’ queries and the customers’ demands. The Agile methods are capable of
working on sudden deliverables change and within a short duration of time. The Agile
methodologies are best suited for carrying out the small IT projects so Client A adopting the
Agile methods can assist in developing Pizzahut style website for the fish and chops store
(White and Fellow 2014). The agile method provides better customer satisfaction, relatively
faster development times. The agile method also gives less error-prone solutions. The agile
method is known to provide solutions to rapidly changing requirements. SCRUM is the Agile
framework that is capable of complicated projects. SCRUM consist project management
principles for the small-managed teams and the small cross-sectional teams. SCRUM
demands every team member will work together from the beginning.
The agile methodology applies to provide better adaptability to the procedures, market
and the technology. Thus Client A following the project methodologies can be highly
benefitted. They must listen to the customers’ demands and should prepare deliverables based
on the demands and requirements. Client A after sending the deliverables to the customers

3PROJECT MANAGEMENT METHODOLOGIES
should wait for the approval. If the customers approve the deliverables, Client A should start
working on that and should make a partial solution (Conforto et al. 2014). After that, they
must send the parts to the customers. The customers will have to approve the partial only then
that can continue working on the rest of the assignment. If the clients want changes, then they
should inform Client A. The Client A will then make changes accordingly. Similarly, in case
of fish and chips store, Clint A must apply the same. The store is constantly making changes
in deliverables and wants a website which will be similar to the Pizzahut or Domino website.
Client A should develop the website in the form of partial and should get it reviewed by the
fish and chips store (Layton and Ostermiller 2017). The fish and chips store can either get
satisfied by the IT project or can be dissatisfied with the project. In that case, Client A will
have to do the rework. The rework will be less hectic, and it will save a lot of time. Thus
Client A can serve well to the customers; the agile methodology can help Client A to develop
a website that can facilitate the business of the fish and chips store.

4PROJECT MANAGEMENT METHODOLOGIES
References
Conforto, E.C., Salum, F., Amaral, D.C., da Silva, S.L. and de Almeida, L.F.M., 2014. Can
agile project management be adopted by industries other than software development?. Project
Management Journal, 45(3), pp.21-34.
Layton, M.C. and Ostermiller, S.J., 2017. Agile project management for dummies. John
Wiley & Sons.
Moran, A., 2015. Agile project management. In Managing Agile (pp. 71-101). Springer
International Publishing.
White, K.R. and FELLOW, P., 2014. Agile project management. The AMA handbook of
project management, pp.441-450.

5PROJECT MANAGEMENT METHODOLOGIES
Task B
Project Management in engineering and construction domain
1. PMBoK illustration for the given statement
Waterfall provides a basic route for the project management. On the other hand, the
PMBOK provides a series of techniques and methodologies to manage the project more
effectively. PMBOK follows on the five groups - Initiating, Planning, Executing, Monitoring,
Controlling and Closing (Pm 2000). PMBoK is far more organized compared to Waterfall
methodology. PMBoK with the aid of the five groups can enhance the project methodology.
Therefore, I completely agree with the statement. In case of the waterfall model, the project
schedule, the project budget, and the deadlines are fixed from the beginning, and the project
budget and deliverables cannot be changed in between. PMBoK follows the same rule that is
in case of PMBoK, the project schedule, the project budget and the project deliverables are
all set initially at the beginning, and that cannot be changed (Guide 2004). However, at first,
the project is initiated then the entire project is planned. After that the project gets executed
step by step then the entire project is monitored. The project is checked and monitored
whether the project is meeting all the deliverables or not (Snyder 2014). If the project gets
confirmed by the customer, then the project is closed.
2. PMBoK approach for Client B and procedures on how PMBoK processes should be
arranged into a step-wise methodology for typical projects in Client B’s company.
The client B operates in the construction domain; they are pioneers in providing
quality design homes for the Australians since the 1990s. Barbara always tries to implement
the PMBoK in his enterprise. However, he fails to implement the same. Barbara is not aware
how PMBoK work. The entire construction phase can be divided into two stages- pre-
constructions and the construction (Zwikael 2009). Barbara should take into consideration the

6PROJECT MANAGEMENT METHODOLOGIES
PMBoK five groups- the initiating, planning, executing, monitoring, controlling and closing.
At the initiation stage, Barbara and his team must communicate with the customers in details.
The initiation involves discussion with the customer. The initiation includes the obtaining of
approvals, will have to grant permissions from the city council’s end. Both the customers and
the project management team will have to get their resources right before starting the project.
At the planning stage, the project management team should communicate with the
customers, and they must select the floors plan well and should discuss the details of the
design elaborately (Hodgson and Cicmil 2006). The project team should develop the working
site to assure that the things required for the construction are perfect and ready. Later comes
the project execution phase. The project execution phase involves the excavation. It also
includes the implementation of the drainage system at the working site. The project execution
also associates the pouring of slab for manufacturing the building. The project team must
carry out their exterior activities associated with the designing of a home. They must
implement the facia and the gutter for the home. The execution of the project stages includes
the covering of the roof, the detailed completion of the brickwork for the house. It also
includes the external cladding as well as the settings of the external doors (Rose 2013). The
project execution also involves the plasterwork, implementation of the basins as well as
sinks. The controlling involves proper monitoring of the design and development activities.
The controlling department must notice that whether the project team is conducting
the activities appropriately or not (Fitsilis 2012). The project team will have to monitor
whether the project is meeting the clients demands or not. The project can be closed only
after the confirmation of the project, if the customers. The customers if not satisfied with the
work, then the project can be considered successful. Otherwise, the project team will have to
rework on the project. Thus following the PMBoK project methodology, they can be

7PROJECT MANAGEMENT METHODOLOGIES
benefitted. Barbara and his team can get benefitted with the implementation with the aid of
PMBoK methodology.
Project
Management
Assessment Initiating
Definite plan
Design
Specify
Delivering
Construct/
Integrate
Closing
Deploy/
Transition
Project Key
deliverables
Feasibility
report
Communicate
with the
customers
Floors plan
contain both
the internal
and external
works that
must be
accomplished
(Snyder
2014)
Project design
involves
designing of
floor, roof,
external doors,
brickwork of
the house
Customer
confirmation is
required, they
will decide the
project is
accomplished
or not
Project
Approval
Reviewing
feasibility
report
Approving
assessment
Approval from
the clients and
the city’ s
council
Approval
from the
city’s council
City council
must approve
the home
design
Client B will
have to take
approval from
the customers
and will have
to confirm that
the program is
fine
Project Scope Scope
boundaries
The project
approval will
The floor
plan will
Proper
implementation
Customers’
approval will

8PROJECT MANAGEMENT METHODOLOGIES
allow them to
carry out the
project
activities
provide the
project team
with the
detailed
overview of
all the project
activities.
PMBoK will
help them to
accomplish
the project
and execution
of the project
will ensure
project’s
success.
PMBoK will
help them to
complete the
project (Fitsilis
2012)
ensure project
closure
Human
Resource
Identify
resource
Client B,
Customers and
city councils
Client B and
his team and
must design
the floor plan
and must
work
accordingly
Client B and
his team must
execute the
project
Client B, his
team, and
customers
Project Timing Wide area of
opportunity
The project
must be made
within time
frame with
effectiveness
Clint B and
his team
must work
according to
the time set
up by the
Project must be
executed within
the given
timeframe set
by customers
The project
must be
completed
within the
specific
deadline

9PROJECT MANAGEMENT METHODOLOGIES
client specified by
the customers.
Project Cost Budget in
details
No budget is
required
Client B
must work
according to
the project
Project cost is
set up at the
beginning
Client B must
work according
to the budget
(Rose 2013)
Project cost is
the
Project Risk Opportunity
costs
The project
may get
approval, or the
project may not
get approval.
The project
manager will
have to
consider all
the risks that
are
associated
with the
project
Project risks
must be
identified and
must be
mitigated
Customers can
raise issues.
Client B will
have to
mitigate the
issues raised
Project
Technology
Architecture All the
technological
factors that
must be
involved in the
project must be
Technology
must be used
to control the
entire project
team and to
manage the
Technology can
assist them to
execute the
project well
Technology
will help to
complete the
project (Rose
2013)

10PROJECT MANAGEMENT METHODOLOGIES
taken into
consideration
project
activities
Project
Communication
Inter- and
Intra-
program
collaboration
Communication
must be
established well
with the
customers and
the city’s
council
Client B
must
communicate
with his team
and the
employees
that will help
to meet the
project
deliverables
Communication
among the
stakeholders is
important; it
will help to
know that the
project
operations will
be well
executed
(Conchir 2011)
Regular
communication
with the
customers can
help the
employees to
close the
project
Table 1: Client B Action Plan
3. Pictorial illustration of your suggested methodology
The suggested PMBoK project methodology can help to make the design and
development of house based in Australia. Barbara and his team must follow the PMBoK
methodologies well because that can help them to manage the entire design of the house
effectively. Barbara should follow the methodologies accordingly, must communicate with
the customers and work according to the customers’ demands. The project execution should
be carried out after the project planning and approval. The project execution involves
appropriate interior and exterior design of the house (Conchir 2011). Lastly, at the time of the

11PROJECT MANAGEMENT METHODOLOGIES
project closure, the entire design of the house is reviewed by the customers, if they are
satisfied, they can close it. The customers if not satisfied with the project can ask for rework
then the project team will have to take the responsibility to accomplish the project. The
detailed pictorial illustration has been depicted in the essay.
4. Impact of PMBoK on various stakeholders
The PMBoK methodology creates a positive impact on the stakeholders. The
customers can get the quality service with the aid of the PMBoK methodology. The
customers can discuss the project requirements (Fitsilis 2008). The customers can check
whether their project is meeting the deliverables or not. The customers can be assured that
they will get the best design home within the stipulated deadline. Barbara team can know the
detailed plan pretty early. They can know the deliverables and the stipulated deadline set
(Conchir 2011). Thus with the help of PMBoK, everyone can work effectively within the
given deadline. Barbara can handle all the project activities with the help of the PMBoK
methodology. He can control his entire team member with the help of the methodology.
Barbara can keep track of the daily activities of the team members.

12PROJECT MANAGEMENT METHODOLOGIES
References
Conchir, D., 2011. Overview of the PMBOK Guide: Short Cuts for PMP Certification.
Springer Publishing Company, Incorporated.
Fitsilis, P., 2008. Comparing PMBOK and Agile Project Management software development
processes. In Advances in Computer and Information Sciences and Engineering (pp. 378-
383). Springer, Dordrecht.
Guide, P.M.B.O.K., 2004. A guide to the project management body of knowledge. In Project
Management Institute (Vol. 3).
Hodgson, D. and Cicmil, S., 2006. Are projects real? The PMBOK and the legitimation of
project management knowledge. Making projects critical, pp.29-50.
Pm, I., 2000. A guide to the project management body of knowledge (PMBOK guide).
Project Management Institute.
Rose, K.H., 2013. A Guide to the Project Management Body of Knowledge (PMBOK®
Guide)—Fifth Edition. Project management journal, 44(3).
Snyder, C.S., 2014. A Guide to the Project Management Body of Knowledge: PMBOK (®)
Guide. Project Management Institute.
Zwikael, O., 2009. The relative importance of the PMBOK® Guide's nine Knowledge Areas
during project planning. Project Management Journal, 40(4), pp.94-103.

13PROJECT MANAGEMENT METHODOLOGIES
Task C
Project management in accounting firm
Client C is major accounting firm based in Australia. They provide the tax services
for the businesses. Client C always need constant co-operation from the client ends. The
consumers should communicate with accountants or the employees of Client C. They should
cooperate with Client C that can help Client C to clarify the transaction details (Cheeseman
and Garvey 2014). The consumers’ involvement can also help them to know about the
constant change in demands. The essay will showcase how Client C can implement agile
project methodology and can enrich their accounting outsourcing and the co-sourcing
business activities. They can better communicate with the customers all the time. They can
increase their market share and productivity.
1. Proposing project methodology for Client A and Client C
Client A is the software IT company. Client A following the agile methodology can
work on sudden deliverables. Also, they can work where there is the short deadline. Client A
can deliver best services to the customers since the agile methodology is capable of providing
best solutions to customers’ rapidly changing requirements (Mansor et al. 2016). Client A can
adapt to the business procedures, can understand the market and can determine the market as
well with the help of agile methodology
Client C can be benefitted from the agile methodology. The agile methodology can
meet the changing customers’ expectations and demands. The agile project management
provides effective and cost-efficient tax compliance services. The accounting firm also caters
outsourcing options as well as the co-sourcing options. An agile project starts with charter
and the business need. The Client C has hired about eight to fifteen accountants, and they
expect the accountants will complete the task within three weeks (Mansor et al. 2016).

14PROJECT MANAGEMENT METHODOLOGIES
However, they are concerned with the with the constant customers’ incorporation. Client C
and his team with the implementation of agile methodology can determine the feasibility,
potential customer benefit and the technical aspects.
2. Customising agile project methodology for Client C
Agile project management has the required capability to change the course of the
project in the midway. The project management helps to know the issues residing within the
project that can erupt in case of programming the accounting projects. The agile method
incorporates various methods. The customers do not elaborate the details at the beginning.
However, they start to explain later in the proceedings of the project. The lack of cooperation
from the customers’ ends delays the projects, the projects’ flow also gets disrupted. The
budget for the project also increases (Machado, Pinheiro and Tamanini 2015). Client C faces
issues regarding the cost overrun and the cost budget. That is why they want a methodology
that can be able to solve the issues. The Agile methodology involves methodologies called
sprints and the scrums. These aspects are beneficial for carrying out the tax practices, CPA
and accounting. Scrums typically provide solutions to all the hurdles that are the customer
scope changes. Client C certainly can be benefitted with the assistance of the agile project
management. Client C and his team with the help of the agile project methodology can get
regular feedback from the customers’ ends (Valle and O'Mara 2015). The customers’
feedback can give an overview of their performance as a whole. Client C and his team can
solve the queries of the customers as soon as possible and can provide suitable solutions.
3. Critically arguing the factors responsible for which the agile methodology is best
suited for the project
The project management plan is useful to plan, create and control the entire the
project. The project management is necessary to accomplish the project effectively. Client C

15PROJECT MANAGEMENT METHODOLOGIES
can be able to develop customer-oriented projects. The customers’ income tax reporting
Client C for flexible project planning can integrate the project management and accounting
module with the help of specific application (Portny 2017). Client C with the aid of agile
project methodology can create and monitor the project budgets. Client C employees can be
able to enter the project timesheets, and the expense reports to keep track of project-related
expenses and the project deadline. Client C with the help of agile project methodology can
gain the required project skills so that the employees can work effectively and can serve the
customers well. Client C can calculate indirect cost amount, can assign indirect cost, the also
they allocate indirect costs to a project. Client C with the help of the project methodology can
keep a record of the invoice details. Client C can confirm the details of the quality of the
work of the employees, and after the confirmation, they can pay the employees (Kautz,
Johansen and Uldahl 2014). They can set up billing rules that can track the project progress.
Thus the agile project methodology can help in calculating the invoice amounts, the
completed units, project milestones. Clients can better manage the customers with the help of
the agile project management.
4. Implementation plan for Client A and Client C based on agile methodology
Client A must use the agile methodology like that is beneficial for both fish and stops
store and Client A. They must divide the main task into multiple subtasks. Client A must
complete each subtask within a specific deadline and must submit it as partial to the clients,
in this case, it the client is the fish and chips store. If the client approves the partial, then only
they should proceed with the work. Otherwise, they should rework and send it to the clients
(Gustavsson 2016). The agile methodology is useful to adapt to the rapidly changing
requirements of the clients. Client A with the aid of the agile methodology can complete the
tasks very fast, thereby can complete the entire project much faster within the stipulated
deadline.

16PROJECT MANAGEMENT METHODOLOGIES
The agile project management can give numerous benefits to Client C, and his team
and all these benefits have been illustrated in the report (Abrahamsson et al. 2017). The team
will have to build a pilot system based on the project plan. Client C should educate the
employees about all the project methodologies. They have to implement the steps carefully
step by step, after finishing each step they must test and review it. After the implementation,
they must test whether the project management is working for them well or not. If any issues
occur, they must review the issues occurring within; then they should make appropriate
modifications based on that (Gustavsson 2016). In this way, Client C by implementing the
project methodology can provide cost-effective services tax compliance services. The project
methodology can be helpful to include the co-sourcing activities and the outsourcing
accounting activities.
It can be concluded from the above discourse that the Client C can carry out the
accounting activities with the help of the agile project management. Client A can serve fish
and chips store better wth the assistance of the agile methodology. The agile project
management can help to know how it can benefit the customers, can determine the feasibility
and all the technical factors. The project methodology can help them in meeting the
customers’ demands and the expectations. The agile methodology works best where the
clients or the customers change their demands constantly. The agile project components
sprint and scrums are suitable for carrying out the accounting, tax practices, and CPA. All
these aspects have been highlighted in the essay.

17PROJECT MANAGEMENT METHODOLOGIES
References
Abrahamsson, P., Salo, O., Ronkainen, J. and Warsta, J., 2017. Agile software development
methods: Review and analysis. arXiv preprint arXiv:1709.08439.
Cheeseman, H.R., and Garvey, J.R., 2014. Business law. Pearson.
Gustavsson, T., 2016. Benefits of agile project management in a non-software development
context–a literature review. PM World Journal, 5.
Kautz, K., Johansen, T.H. and Uldahl, A., 2014, June. Creating business value through agile
project management and information systems development: The perceived impact of Scrum.
In International Working Conference on Transfer and Diffusion of IT (pp. 150-165).
Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg.
Machado, T.C.S., Pinheiro, P.R. and Tamanini, I., 2015. Project management aided by verbal
decision analysis approaches a case study for the selection of the best SCRUM
practices. International Transactions in Operational Research, 22(2), pp.287-312.
Mansor, Z., Razali, R., Yahaya, J., Yahya, S. and Arshad, N.H., 2016. Issues and Challenges
of Cost Management in Agile Software Development Projects. Advanced Science
Letters, 22(8), pp.1981-1984.
Portny, S.E., 2017. Project management for dummies. John Wiley & Sons.
Valle, M. and O'Mara, K.J., 2015. Adaptive Project Management: A Classroom Exercise to
Explore the Fundamentals of Agile (Scrum). Journal of the Academy of Business
Education, 16.

18PROJECT MANAGEMENT METHODOLOGIES
Task D
Executive Summary
Client D is a renowned school, and David finds out that the school is not performing
well. He has been advised to analyze the causes for the poor performance of the students. He
has also advised implementing a continuous improvement plan. The report explains the 7QC
tools and Six Sigma Tools by which Client D's issues can be better analyzed. The report
illustrates the benefits of waterfall methodologies by which Client D can manage the school
activities. The students are expected to perform better following Client D’s approaches. The
report elaborates the continuous improvement plan in details.
Introduction
Client D is a reputed high school, and it has currently 1000 students enrolled, it also
has 50 full-time teachers as well. David takes a closer look and notices the students are not
performing well, and their result is declining as a whole day by day. David has been advised
to use various tools and techniques to address the cause of the problem (Glanz 2014).
Identifying the key problems can help the school to become the outstanding one. The analysis
helps to address the poor performance of the students in school.
The report will define the tools by which Client D can analyze the causes of students'
failures. The school management team should adopt waterfall model to manage the students
and other school activities. The report will elaborate how continuous improvement plan can
be implemented in the school.
Tools and techniques available to David to locate the cause of the problem
The school management issues can be analysed with the help of six sigma tools. The
tools like Pareto chart, Five Ways, Histogram, Gage R&R, Process Capability report can help
to analyze the school management issues for which the students are not performing well. The
Pareto chart is one kind of bar chart that is helpful to analyze the ‘critical few’ causes from

19PROJECT MANAGEMENT METHODOLOGIES
the ‘trivial many.’ Thus Client D can get to know about the most critical issues (Rahman,
Hamid and Islam 2016). Five Ways is one Sigma Tool provides a series of questions by
which the cause can be better acknowledged. The students’ negative behavioral traits,
teachers’ negligence and the school management failures are the causes for students’ poor
performance, and they can better examine with the help of Five Ways. The Histogram chart
analyses and finds out the unusual data points for which further investigation is needed. The
school may have any other issues; however, the histogram chart will reveal those hidden
issues responsible for the poor performance. Process capability explains how one
management team can analyze the issues and how they can improve the school management
(Arts 2016). They can adopt the waterfall model. The techniques are requirements, design,
implementation, verification, and maintenance. The waterfall model consists of required
techniques by which the school can be improvised. Moreover, the continuous improvement
plan is not limited to the education; the plan involves the overall improvement of the student.
The students’ discipline, the students’ behavior, and the student-teacher relationship
must be taken into consideration. The school environment plan can help to build and maintain
a healthy environment in school. The teachers must exhibit proper level of dominance; they
must show the proper level of cooperation and they must be aware of behavioral traits of the
students. They should have clear expectations from the students; they should set clear
learning goals for the students (Glanz 2014). The school management must follow the
waterfall methodology tools. They should notice whether the students are following teachers’
instructions or not, they should also notice whether the teachers are doing the job efficiently
or not. The school management should discard the plan completely if any plan does not work
out. The school management system should focus on the innovation so that the students can
be helped in the education. In this way, the waterfall model tools can help the teachers and
the school management team to manage the students and help them in education (Childs and

20PROJECT MANAGEMENT METHODOLOGIES
Russell 2017). Client D can remain to ensure the new model will help the students to perform
well in the exam.
7QC tools and Six Sigma tools analyzing the causes for students’ poor
performance
7 QC tools are helpful in dividing the students into various categories. The students
are underperforming basically due to various reasons. The students have various issues like
some students are afraid of exam failures which affect students’ performances; certain
students are hostile, oppositional as well as covert. These aggressive students have some sorts
of fear and pain inside of them, and this affects their education negatively (Spillane and
Coldren 2015). Majority of students suffer from attention problems. The students also fell
into the category of the perfectionist. The students fell into this category are self-critical, feel
inferior and have lower self-esteem. Therefore, students who are socially inept feel difficulty
in making friends. The issues can be from the teachers’ end and management team as well.
The education system can suffer due to the poor management body. Thus the 7QC tools like
Stratification Diagram and Cause and Effect Diagram can help to identify and categorize
these issues in details. These students’ problems can be identified with the help of the tools
(Porter 2015). Client D with the help of the tools can analyze the loopholes in the school
management. There are several cases- the teachers have not guided the students, they do not
cooperate with the students well. The school management has not implemented any project
methodology.
Six Sigma tools are alternative for 7QC tools, and these tools are helpful in
identifying the problems for which the students are not performing well in the exam. These
tools categorize the causes of the problem by the following ways- the diagram first analyses
the cause of the problem. Client D is concerned about the poor performance of the students;
the diagram will analyze the cause of the poor performance (Osses, Bellei and Valenzuela

21PROJECT MANAGEMENT METHODOLOGIES
2015). The entire school management will be analyzed, in this way Client D can come to
know the loopholes in the management. The tools involve the people, in this case, the
teachers and the school management team will be considered. SIPOC, Control charts will
make Client D realize what went wrong. The school management team has failed to
implement any project methodology. The teachers do not cooperate well with the students.
The students do not cooperate with the students well (Le Floch et al. 2014). The students
have some behavioral traits which are adversely affecting their education. All these issues can
be detected well by the Cause and Effect Diagram. Client D can take steps accordingly
analyzing the loopholes well.
High-level continuous improvement plan and a detailed implementation plan for
David and his School
PDCA cycle is a four-step management approach by which Client D can implement
high-level continuous improvement in their school premises.
Figure 1: PDCA cycle

22PROJECT MANAGEMENT METHODOLOGIES
(Source: Bohanon et al. 2016)
Plan: The teachers and school management team must appropriate school
improvement plan for the betterment of students and school. They should maintain a healthy
cooperative relationship with the students and students’ guardians. The teachers should set
clear learning goals. The students will have to study regularly and will have to accomplish the
goals. The students must discuss with the students about the subject matters if the students
find any issues. The teachers must make a plan to make sure every student get their attention
(Spillane and Coldren 2015). The teachers must encourage extracurricular activities alongside
studies, this plan and approach will give students an overall growth. The school management
team consider the behavioral traits of the students. The school management team and the
teachers must make plans to help those students. Some students are hostile, some students
have low self-esteem, some students have a communication problem, and some students
suffer from depression. The plan should be made for all the students to manage all the
students (Moyle 2016). The school management must make plans for the teachers as well.
They must evaluate the teachers and must assign best teachers in the school. The school
management team should distribute tasks among the stakeholders and should make
appropriate plans for the betterment of the school.
Do: The teachers work according to their plan. They must take care of every student.
The students prefer personal attention; the students perform well if they get some sorts of
encouragement. The busy schedule of the teachers does not let them communicate with every
student. The teachers must communicate with the students if possible and should encourage if
any student faces any issues, it is their responsibility to fix those issues. The teachers should
encourage the students to participate in the extracurricular activities and sports. This can help
students not concentrate only on studies, but also they must concentrate on extracurricular
activities; it can help them in overall growth. There are various categories of high-needs

23PROJECT MANAGEMENT METHODOLOGIES
students, and their behavioral traits must be examined and based on that necessary actions
should be taken by schools. Some students fear teachers, who are afraid of exams. These
students often stay away from criticism and aggressive people. It is the responsibility of the
teachers to help those students so that they can build self-esteem (Bohanon et al. 2016). Some
students are hostile to nature, oppositional and covert. These students have fear and pain
within them. Moreover, the students also suffer from attention problems. Some students are
perfectionists and want to acquire success at an unattainable level. The students feel insecure
and have the low self-esteem, the students feel inferior about them. The teachers can assist
the students so that they can learn to grant their own mistakes; the teachers should make them
realize that the students should a specific target for themselves, and they should chase for it.
Again some students face immense difficulty communicating with others and they are
socially inept students. These students find great difficulty making friends and sometimes
misinterpret others’ words; it is the responsibility of the teachers to provide proper counseling
so that they can the students can learn to work as a team (Noor, Ishaq and Adil 2015). Thus
the students must act responsibly and should mitigate the negative characteristics of the
students. The waterfall model can help them to evaluate the students regularly, the students
can learn to value time and thus will become punctual, and the students will learn the
discipline. The students can get an overview what to study, how to study and how to
memorize the lessons, in this way the overall growth of the student can be attained. The
school management team with the help of latest technology and CCTV camera implications
can monitor teachers, and students’ activities thus can get an overview how school
improvement is working on.
Check: The school management team must be careful while appointing teachers for
the school. The teachers must be knowledgeable and must be patient to handle all the
students. Client D must also install CCTV camera in school premises (Spillane and Coldren

24PROJECT MANAGEMENT METHODOLOGIES
2015). The school video surveillance can help to monitor the students’ activities and the
teachers’ activities. The school management team can get to know the school management
plan is working or not, what are the issues the students and the teachers are facing. Client D
with the assistance of the camera can ensure security in the school management as well.
Act: The continuous improvement plan can be achieved with the help of the waterfall
model tools, the teachers and the management staff of the school must take certain
approaches and should implement step by step, after that those approaches must be verified.
After the verification gets completed, it should be monitored that the students and the
teachers are facing any issues or not (Andrews, Conway and Smith 2017). The teachers must
take the approaches, and they are an appropriate level of dominance, the appropriate level of
cooperation and awareness of needs of the students. The teachers must have clear
expectations as well as consequences; they must impose clear rules which the students are
bound to follow. The students must follow the guidelines and must show disciplines and
punctuality. The students also need to learn to work as a team. The teachers must evaluate the
negative behavior of the students and should suggest them how to behave properly if possible
should imply strict rules.
Anticipating difficulties that may arise when implementing the proposed plan
The parents are strict, authoritarian, and the narcissist in nature. It may happen that
they do not like certain rules of schools and can create obstructions. The narcissist parents
can oppose certain rules and policies; the policies can hurt their ego, and they can withdraw
their child’s name from the school (Connors-Tadros et al. 2015). All these aspects hinder the
overall growth of the students. This behavior of the parents can create negative impacts on
the students’ education as well.

25PROJECT MANAGEMENT METHODOLOGIES
The teachers can follow certain rules and policies of their own. Thus this approach
can contradict with the schools’ overall policies. Different teachers have different views they
can oppose, and the whole school can suffer due to lack of coordination (Rawolle et al.
2016). The teachers will need time to learn the new rules, so, initially, they can suffer.
The students can perform adversely due to the strict imposition of rules and policies.
The students can refuse to communicate with the teachers; this can prove to be fatal for the
continuous development program.
Long-term benefit of proposed continuous improvement plan
The proposed continuous plan can be beneficial for the students. The continuous
improvement plan can facilitate the overall growth of the students. The students will learn to
be disciplined, to be punctual. The students will perform in the extracurricular activities due
to the initiation of these initiatives (Serag, Smith and Lee 2016). The students will study well
and will perform better in the exam due to all these initiatives.
The teachers must also take the initiative to help the underperforming students. The
teachers should conduct small tests and must evaluate those small tests carefully that can help
teachers to know where the students are facing problems. The students can get the confidence
to perform better. If the students are still underperforming, then the teachers must discuss
with the students and sort out the problems, even they should discuss with the child's parents
about the same. In this way, the students can be helped.
Thus an overall growth can be attained with the assistance of the continuous
improvement plan. They can also learn to work as a team. The students can learn the
communication skills as well. The effective school management system helps students to
respect elders and teachers (Shanks 2017). This continuous improvement plan can be
beneficial for building a teacher-student relationship. The teacher-student relationship can

26PROJECT MANAGEMENT METHODOLOGIES
assist the students to know the value of education, the value of discipline. The students can
get help in their studies.
Conclusion
It can be concluded from the above discourse that Client D can be benefitted
implementing school improvement plan following the waterfall methodology. The report has
explained the waterfall methodology tools and how Client D should implement the
continuous improvement plan in the school. The report has also discussed the 7QC tools.
Stratification Diagram and Ishikawa Diagram are two 7QC tools that have been chosen for
the report. The tools can be helpful in analyzing the problems for which the students’
performances are degrading. The report has also elaborated the opposition and the challenges
that the school can face while implementing the continuous improvement plan. The
continuous improvement plan can give them long-term benefits, the students can perform
well in the school, and the student-teacher relationship can get improvement with the aid of
school management plan.

27PROJECT MANAGEMENT METHODOLOGIES
References
Andrews, D., Conway, J. and Smith, L., 2017. Leadership of system-school alignment:
leading actioning of schoolwide pedagogy (SWP) for school improvement.
Arts, L., 2016. School Improvement Plan.
Bohanon, H., Gilman, C., Parker, B., Amell, C. and Sortino, G., 2016. Using School
Improvement and Implementation Science to Integrate Multi-Tiered Systems of Support in
Secondary Schools. Australasian Journal of Special Education, 40(2), pp.99-116.
Childs, J. and Russell, J.L., 2017. Improving Low-Achieving Schools: Building State
Capacity to Support School Improvement Through Race to the Top. Urban Education, 52(2),
pp.236-266.
Connors-Tadros, L., Dunn, L., Martella, J. and McCauley, C., 2015. Incorporating Early
Learning Strategies in the School Improvement Grants (SIG) Program: How Three Schools
Integrated Early Childhood Strategies into School Turnaround Efforts to Improve Instruction
for All Students. Center on School Turnaround at WestEd.
Glanz, J., 2014. Action research: An educational leader's guide to school improvement.
Rowman & Littlefield.
Le Floch, K.C., Birman, B., O'Day, J., Hurlburt, S., Mercado-Garcia, D., Goff, R., Manship,
K., Brown, S., Therriault, S.B., Rosenberg, L. and Angus, M.H., 2014. Case Studies of
Schools Receiving School Improvement Grants: Findings after the First Year of
Implementation. NCEE 2014-4015. National Center for Education Evaluation and Regional
Assistance.
Moyle, K., 2016. Using data, conversations and observations for school improvement.

28PROJECT MANAGEMENT METHODOLOGIES
Noor, S., Ishaq, M. and Adil, J., 2015. The Interventional Role of Parent Teacher Council in
School Improvement in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. PUTAJ-Humanities and Social
Sciences, 22(1), pp.73-78.
Osses, A., Bellei, C. and Valenzuela, J.P., 2015. External technical support for school
improvement: critical issues from the Chilean experience. Journal of Educational
Administration and History, 47(3), pp.272-293.
Porter, M., 2015. Addressing the Achievement Gap in Pinellas County Schools: School
Improvement Plan Compliance of Listing and Implementing Interventions.
Rahman, M.M., Hamid, M. and Islam, M.T., 2016. Continuous School Improvement Plan for
Quality Education in the Light of Pedagogy: An Action Research.
Rawolle, S., Wells, M., Paatsch, L., Tytler, R. and Campbell, C., 2016. School improvement
as a global movement. In Improving Schools (pp. 1-24). Springer Singapore.
Serag, H., Smith, K.D. and Lee, W.C., 2016. A plan to address documented health disparities
while enhancing UTMB capacity for coordinated action: the 3rd improvement plan fulfilling
DSRIP performance measure I-11.1. University of Texas Medical Branch (UTMB).
Shanks, J.N., 2017. Establishing a Data Culture Using a Data-Driven Instructional System for
School Improvement. Data Leadership for K-12 Schools in a Time of Accountability, p.39.
Spillane, J.P. and Coldren, A.F., 2015. Diagnosis and design for school improvement: Using
a distributed perspective to lead and manage change. Teachers College Press.