Project on Smart Farming

This project focuses on implementing smart farming techniques in the agricultural sector to address existing challenges and improve productivity. It discusses the problem domain, purpose and justification, research questions, conceptual framework, methodology, research methods, data collection methods, ethical issues, compliance requirements, and project plan.

Running head: PROJECT ON SMART FARMING
Project on Smart Farming
Name of the Student
Name of the University
Author’s note

1PROJECT ON SMART FARMING
Table of Contents
1. Problem Domain..........................................................................................................................2
2. Purpose and Justification.............................................................................................................2
3. Research Questions......................................................................................................................2
4. Conceptual or Theoretical Framework........................................................................................3
5. Methodology................................................................................................................................3
6. Research Methods........................................................................................................................3
7. Data collection or System design methods..................................................................................4
8. Ethical Issues...............................................................................................................................5
9. Compliance Requirements (Workplace, Industry or Government regulations)..........................5
9. Project Plan..................................................................................................................................6
9.1 Annotated bibliography.........................................................................................................6
9.2 Poster Presentation.................................................................................................................7
9.3 Work Breakdown Structure...................................................................................................8
9.4 Risk Analysis.........................................................................................................................9
9.5 Duration...............................................................................................................................10
9.6 Gantt chart...........................................................................................................................11
Bibliography..................................................................................................................................12

2PROJECT ON SMART FARMING
1. Problem Domain
The primary problem is based on the existing challenges that are faced in the agricultural
sector. The current problems that are faced within the agricultural department is based on climate
changes, food shortages and other problems based on farm profitability. Gathering live data from
farms is also a current problem that is faced by farmers. Another major problem that is mainly
been faced by the agricultural sector is the lack of the technique of mechanization in various
agricultural activities. This results in lack of monitoring over the crops, which further leads to
poor productivity for the farmers and hence the business.
2. Purpose and Justification
The primary purpose of the project is develop an approach for implementing smart
farming techniques within the present agricultural sector. With the many critical problems, it is
very much essential for developers to design a technique for farmers. The problems based on
lack of mechanization within the agricultural workplace could also be mitigated with the help of
a smart farming approach. The use of smart farming would primarily reduce manual work and
thus also automate the different agricultural activities. The smart farming approach would help
them in monitoring the activities within the farm and also bring in efficiency for the production
of crops.
3. Research Questions
The research questions that can be framed are:
 What are the existing problems affecting the agricultural industry?
 What are the present approach by developers to implement smart farming techniques?
 What can be the future outcomes after the implementation of smart farming approach?

3PROJECT ON SMART FARMING
4. Conceptual or Theoretical Framework
The improvement in farm productivity would require the performance of crops, which
needs to be particularly understood. The crop conditions could be forecasted with a wide variety
of soil, environmental, fertilisation and conditions of irrigation. A data-driven approach could be
implemented for the purpose of addressing different constraints such as resource and climate
changes. It also includes various societal concerns such as fertilizers, animal welfare and
environment. In order to mitigate the current problems, smart farming techniques would be
involved within the farms. The Internet of Things (IoT) and Information Communication
Technology (ICT) could be used in particular for gaining field related data. Big data technology
could also be used in farms for address several kind of challenges with the help of electronic
monitoring over crops. This data could also be related to soil fertilisation, irrigation conditions
and other environmental factors.
5. Methodology
With respect to the present project plan, it could be discussed that this project would be
based on collection of primary data from people who are involved within the agricultural
department. The smart farming approaches that are developed by engineers and technicians
would be mainly based on collecting data from farmers. They would be able to provide real-time
about the present working conditions in the farm. Data would also be collected from agricultural
field experts who also understand the current farm conditions and concern of the farmers. With
the help of collected data, the researchers and developers would be able to design some smart
working approaches for the farm.
6. Research Methods
The research on the project can be conducted in two different forms. These are:

4PROJECT ON SMART FARMING
Gathering data from primary sources – In this process, data is primarily been collected
from farmers and other people who are directly in relation to the farms. This can be in the form
of surveys or questionnaires.
Gathering data from secondary sources – During this process, the data could be
collected from various journals or published sources. In this process, the problems within the
agricultural sector could be sought by understanding the past problems that had existed within
the sector.
Based on the present project plan, it could be discussed that primary data should be
collected from reliable sources in order to gather the most important feedbacks from farmers who
are presently working in farms.
7. Data collection or System design methods
In order to conduct survey based on primary data the Random sampling technique would
be used. The sample size should be kept at 50.
The design of the system would mainly aim at automating the work activities within
farming by using the principles of communication, mechanics and electronics. The engineers
who are responsible for designing the smart network should design the system by making use of
sensor network nodes. These are tiny objects that could be embedded within various monitoring
areas covered under the wireless network. The system could thus be designed by conducting
experiments and testing them in order to gain results for determining the effect produced by the
smart devices on the farming sector.

5PROJECT ON SMART FARMING
8. Ethical Issues
The ethical issues that should be taken into consideration while implementing smart
farming techniques are:
1. The farmers might be reluctant to use the smart farming techniques within their
agricultural farms. They might doubt the capability of the system and thus might follow the
traditional system of farming.
2. There might be some amount of problems regarding the funding for the project. The
government of the respective country should be made to understand about the concerns of
farmers and thus funds need to be sanctioned. The huge funding is a matter of problem for both
the government and investors.
9. Compliance Requirements (Workplace, Industry or Government regulations)
There are different regulations and laws that are compiled within the agricultural
environment. The different obligations would be easier to comply based on tools of farming. The
various tools that are implemented within the farming sector should comply with the laws of
each country. Hence, they would be able to monitor, track and even record the data collected
from the activities within the farm. Such obligations would be helpful for achieving a great form
of regulatory compliance.

6PROJECT ON SMART FARMING
9. Project Plan
9.1 Annotated bibliography
Lipper, L., Thornton, P., Campbell, B. M., Baedeker, T., Braimoh, A., Bwalya, M., ... &
Hottle, R. (2014). Climate-smart agriculture for food security. Nature climate
change, 4(12), 1068.
The discussion supported by Lipper et al., (2014) can be described as an approach that
could be taken for the purpose of reorienting the systems of agriculture. The authors have
discussed about the widespread changes in temperature and rainfall patterns that mainly threaten
the production within the agricultural sector. The climate change factor also disrupts the food
market and thus provide imminent risks to the supply of food. The research in this article
discusses about the needed factors based on the implementation of climate smart agriculture
(CSA). The essential elements based on the CSA approach are also discussed within the
research. Thus, this report focuses on problems approaching to the agricultural sector and also
puts futuristic suggestions that could improve the working scenario in the agricultural sector.
Tripicchio, P., Satler, M., Dabisias, G., Ruffaldi, E., & Avizzano, C. A. (2015, July).
Towards smart farming and sustainable agriculture with drones. In 2015 International
Conference on Intelligent Environments (pp. 140-143). IEEE.
The use of drones within the agricultural sector is becoming a much popular approach
towards enhancing the conditions of the farm. The paper presented by Tripicchio et al., (2015)
discusses on the distinguishing factors between ploughing techniques and a RGB-D sensor. The
discussed system within this research is based on problems, which could be mitigated with help
of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs). The report also discusses about the two different

7PROJECT ON SMART FARMING
algorithms of measurement, which would be developed for calculating the work progress within
the agricultural fields. The report thus discusses about the various data acquisitions techniques
and thus concludes by providing future outcomes from the execution of smart farming approach.
Wolfert, S., Goense, D., & Sørensen, C. A. G. (2014, April). A future internet collaboration
platform for safe and healthy food from farm to fork. In 2014 Annual SRII Global
Conference (pp. 266-273). IEEE.
The research conducted by Wolfert, Goense and Sorensen (2014) discusses about the
enormous challenges that are faced by the farming sector due to the ever-increasing population.
The production of food within the limits of the carrying capacity of planet is exceeding the
current production limits of food. The authors have discussed that smart farming techniques
within the agricultural sector. Some of the services include the use of applications and services
that would be in combination with advanced hardware. These smart techniques would be
improvised within the sector for the production of enough and good quality of food within a safe
and environment-friendly way.
9.2 Poster Presentation
Separately included in a PPT Presentation

8PROJECT ON SMART FARMING
9.3 Work Breakdown Structure
Smart Farming Project
Start Project Project Initiation and
Planning
Preparing the project plan
Approval of project plan
Contacting the technical
service provider
Contacting the
Agricultural Departmental
Head
Preparing the budget plan
Approval of the budget
plan
Completion of the Phase
Execution of the technical
phase
Defining a technical plan
Approval of the technical
plan
Development of the Smart
Farming plan
Testing phase
Resolving of Issues (if
any)
Completion of technical
phase
Implementation of Smart
Farming Devices
Implementing devices
within a small farming
region
Conducting feedbacks
and surveys within the
farmers group
Deciding results
Completion of
Implementation Phase
Project Closure Phase
Conducting feedback from
project stakeholders
Sign off on procurement
Final payment
End Project
(Fig 1: WBS for the Project)
(Source: Created by author)

9PROJECT ON SMART FARMING
9.4 Risk Analysis
Potential
Hazard
Who is at risk? Existing control
measures
Risk
Rating
Preventive measures Responsibilitie
s
Sanctioning of
the project
Farmers,
Agricultural
Department
Providing suggestions and
recommendations for the
sanctioning of project
3 Providing plans for
sanctioning of project plan
Project
Manager
Implementation Technical
Experts, Project
manager
Providing implementation
plan
4 Providing proper business and
technical plan for solution
Project
Manager
Budget Farmers, Project
manager and
Agricultural
Department
Budget plan should be
provided
5 The budget plan should be
approved soon after the project
plan has been approved.
Project
Sponsor

10PROJECT ON SMART FARMING
9.5 Duration
The duration of the entire project is 55 days. The project would initiate from 20/03/2019
and would end on 04/06/2019.

11PROJECT ON SMART FARMING
9.6 Gantt chart
ID Outline
Number
Task
Mode
Task Name Duration Start Finish Predecessors
0 0 Smart Farming Project55 days Wed 20-03-19 Tue 04-06-19
1 1 Start Project 1 day Wed 20-03-19 Wed 20-03-19
2 2 Project Initiation
and Planning
11 days Thu 21-03-19 Thu 04-04-19
3 2.1 Preparing the
project plan
5 days Thu 21-03-19 Wed 27-03-19 1
4 2.2 Approval of
project plan
1 day Thu 28-03-19 Thu 28-03-19 3
5 2.3 Contacting the
technical
service
provider
1 day Thu 28-03-19 Thu 28-03-19 3
6 2.4 Contacting the
Agricultural
Departmental
Head
1 day Thu 28-03-19 Thu 28-03-19 3
7 2.5 Preparing the
budget plan
4 days Fri 29-03-19 Wed 03-04-19 4
8 2.6 Approval of
the budget
plan
1 day Thu 04-04-19 Thu 04-04-19 7,6
9 2.7 Completion of
the Phase
0 days Thu 04-04-19 Thu 04-04-19 8
10 3 Execution of the
technical phase
32 days Fri 05-04-19 Mon 20-05-19
11 3.1 Defining a
technical plan
8 days Fri 05-04-19 Tue 16-04-19 9
12 3.2 Approval of
the technical
plan
1 day Wed 17-04-19 Wed 17-04-19 11
13 3.3 Development
of the Smart
Farming plan
10 days Thu 18-04-19 Wed 01-05-19 12
14 3.4 Testing phase 8 days Thu 02-05-19 Mon 13-05-19 13
15 3.5 Resolving of
Issues (if any)
5 days Tue 14-05-19 Mon 20-05-19 14
16 3.6 Completion of
technical
phase
0 days Mon 20-05-19 Mon 20-05-19 15
17 4 Implementation
of Smart Farming
Devices
18 days Thu 02-05-19 Mon 27-05-19
18 4.1 Implementing
devices within
a small
farming
5 days Tue 21-05-19 Mon 27-05-19 16
19 4.2 Conducting
feedbacks and
surveys within
the farmers
group
10 days Thu 02-05-19 Wed 15-05-19 13
20 4.3 Deciding results2 days Thu 16-05-19 Fri 17-05-19 19
21 4.4 Completion of
Implementation
Phase
0 days Mon 27-05-19 Mon 27-05-19 18,20
22 5 Project Closure
Phase
6 days Tue 28-05-19 Tue 04-06-19
23 5.1 Conducting
feedback from
project
stakeholders
4 days Tue 28-05-19 Fri 31-05-19 21
24 5.2 Sign off on
procurement
1 day Mon 03-06-19 Mon 03-06-19 23
25 5.3 Final payment 1 day Tue 04-06-19 Tue 04-06-19 24
26 6 End Project 0 days Tue 04-06-19 Tue 04-06-19 25
04-04
20-05
27-05
04-06
F T S W S T M F T S W S T M F T S W S T M F T
11 Mar '19 25 Mar '19 08 Apr '19 22 Apr '19 06 May '19 20 May '19 03 Jun '19
(Fig 2: Gantt chart of Smart Farming Project)
(Source: Created by author)

12PROJECT ON SMART FARMING
Bibliography
Braun, S., Carbon, R., & Naab, M. (2016). Piloting a mobile-app ecosystem for smart
farming. IEEE Software, 33(4), 9-14.
Campbell, B. M., Thornton, P., Zougmoré, R., Van Asten, P., & Lipper, L. (2014). Sustainable
intensification: What is its role in climate smart agriculture?. Current Opinion in
Environmental Sustainability, 8, 39-43.
Carletto, G., Jolliffe, D., & Banerjee, R. (2015). From tragedy to renaissance: Improving
agricultural data for better policies. The World Bank.
Cheunta, W., Chirdchoo, N., & Saelim, K. (2014, December). Efficiency improvement of an
integrated giant freshwater-white prawn farming in Thailand using a Wireless Sensor
Network. In Signal and Information Processing Association Annual Summit and
Conference (APSIPA), 2014 Asia-Pacific (pp. 1-5). IEEE.
O'Grady, M. J., & O'Hare, G. M. (2017). Modelling the smart farm. Information processing in
agriculture, 4(3), 179-187.
Schut, M., Klerkx, L., Rodenburg, J., Kayeke, J., Hinnou, L. C., Raboanarielina, C. M., ... &
Bastiaans, L. (2015). RAAIS: Rapid Appraisal of Agricultural Innovation Systems (Part
I). A diagnostic tool for integrated analysis of complex problems and innovation
capacity. Agricultural Systems, 132, 1-11.
Suakanto, S., Engel, V. J., Hutagalung, M., & Angela, D. (2016, October). Sensor networks data
acquisition and task management for decision support of smart farming. In 2016

13PROJECT ON SMART FARMING
International Conference on Information Technology Systems and Innovation
(ICITSI) (pp. 1-5). IEEE.
Suh, D. S., & Kim, Y. J. (2016). A study on priority of policy for smart farming system using
AHP approach. Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society, 17(11),
348-354.
Tripicchio, P., Satler, M., Dabisias, G., Ruffaldi, E., & Avizzano, C. A. (2015, July). Towards
smart farming and sustainable agriculture with drones. In 2015 International Conference
on Intelligent Environments (pp. 140-143). IEEE.
Walter, A., Finger, R., Huber, R., & Buchmann, N. (2017). Opinion: Smart farming is key to
developing sustainable agriculture. Proceedings of the National Academy of
Sciences, 114(24), 6148-6150.