Internet of Things Applications in Healthcare

This assignment requires a comprehensive literature review on the Internet of Things (IoT) and its applications in healthcare. Students must examine various research articles, books, and online resources to analyze the impact of IoT on healthcare delivery, patient monitoring, and disease management. The review should delve into the benefits, challenges, ethical considerations, and future trends associated with IoT in healthcare.

PROJECT PROPOSAL

ABSTRACT
The technology in which internet connected with the device of computing and used by
people in every industry is known as internet of things (IOT). Major focus of the study is on
health care units under which elder people are analysed that to which extent they are helpful with
internet of things. Those patients who are of the old age and using IOT then doctors able to track
on their activities in proper ways. Along with this, it can be said that from the study that, up to
higher extent health practitioners or doctors able to provide better and effectual
recommendations to the patients. Therefore, quality of life improves and level of treatments will
also complete appropriate. Further, internet of things is supportive for both doctors and elder
patients up to greater extent.

TABLE OF CONTENTS
ABSTRACT.....................................................................................................................................2
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................1
AIM..................................................................................................................................................1
BACKGROUND – LITERATURE REVIEW................................................................................1
Background.............................................................................................................................1
Literature Review...................................................................................................................2
SCOPE, OBJECTIVES AND RISK................................................................................................3
Scope......................................................................................................................................3
Objectives...............................................................................................................................4
Task Lists................................................................................................................................4
Risk log...................................................................................................................................5
RESEARCH METHODS................................................................................................................6
DIFFERENT TYPES OF ISSUES..................................................................................................8
SCHEDULE OF ACTIVITIES.......................................................................................................9
Gantt Chart.............................................................................................................................9
Monitoring and Control Table..............................................................................................10
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................11

INTRODUCTION
The process in which internet connected with the specific computing device and able to
assess information of every objects is known as Internet of Things (IOT). The present study
interprets that in hospitals the internet of things is useful for the healthcare practitioners up to
what level. Apart from this, aims and objectives along with literature review are provided in the
present research proposal. Moreover, different risks associated while carrying out research have
been discussed with their impact on the overall analysis. Beside this, research methods and tools
which have been considered in the research project are described. At the end of the present
proposal, plan of activities which are needed to complete research is explained with the tools.
Further, two techniques shown in scheduling are like Gantt chart as well as monitoring and
control table.
AIM
Aim: To identify to what extent internet of things (IOT) is helping elder people.
Research questions:
 Is IOT supportive for doctors to track elder people consistently or not?
 IOT is up to which level helpful in terms of alerting doctors in emergency situations?
 Are doctors able to give more effective recommendations to elder people who are using
internet of things ?
BACKGROUND – LITERATURE REVIEW
Background
The study is on the basis of one particular method which is Internet of things used by
elder people in context to hospitals. With the help of IOT local community is able to keep in
touch with their health practitioner or doctors. Along with this, they can get better and highly
effective kind of treatments which will be supportive to resolve diseases in short period. The
study reflects that, which level the doctors are helpful in order to track those elder patients who
are using internet of things from home. It shows that, whether doctors get alertness the
emergency conditions of patients with IOT (Meola, 2016). Further, in short, the research
describes that, by considering internet of things the poor conditions of elder people can be
resolved up to how much level properly.
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Literature Review
According to Chiuchisan, Costin and Geman (2014) internet of things (IOT) is the
method under which two parts are interconnected like internet and specific device of computing.
With the help of this, a person can analyse as well as review all those activities of another person
which are performed by him. The device is used in various sectors and the present study is
talking about the healthcare unit or hospitals. Moreover, those patients who are of the old age
and use IOT from home are considered in the present study (Rasid and et.al., 2014). The doctor
easily capable to keep record that what are the activities performed by suffered people who
living at home and taking treatments. The elder people not able to visit hospitals and meet with
their practitioners on daily basis where internet of things is highly useful device.
As per the views of Merry (2016) the internet of things keep proper and continuous track
on the patients that they are taking treatments on time or not. When the elder people not take
medicines on time as per the given instructions by doctors then they get message about this with
the help of IOT. Along with this, sometimes elder people not check date of expiration of the
products and medicines and start to take. If that patient use the device of IOT then his or her
doctor able to track about that. Therefore, he can save from taking expired products and get
proper treatments along with the appropriateness (Vermesan and Friess, 2013). Most of the
times, guidelines for taking medicines and food precautions are also provided to the patients. If
the people who IOT continuously then doctor can get information that instructions are whether
properly followed by him or not. Due to this, it can be said that, up to the higher extent elder
people who use IOT are supportive and beneficial.
However, Lee and Lee (2015) states that, if the elder people have not overall idea about
the internet of things in adequate manner then they cannot use effectively. Due to which, their
doctors cannot keep track and record of the patients which lead to reduce quality of life. Along
with this, appropriate treatments as well as medicines are not to be taken by suffered people who
are living at home. Very major issue with IOT is regarding to the security because it keeps record
of every single activity performed by patient. Moreover, utilisation of financial resources by
patient is also disclosed in front of respective health practitioner which is major obstacle with
IOT.
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In the opinion of Saxena (2016) the smart device like symptom tracking system supports
to the patient and doctor both to track all the activities performed. Further, if the patient not
taking treatments properly and comes under the emergency or complex conditions then IOT will
give alert to both. If the health situations are very complex then primary solution can be done by
doctor if that patient uses IOT on consistent basis. The particular mentioned device or system is
not only supportive for doctors but elder people as well (H. Dutton, 2014). When IOT gives alert
to both at the time of arising typical situations then able to resolve that issue properly. Hence, it
can be analysed that, IOT is highly helpful to the doctor in order to alert him when patient falls
under complex conditions.
Solima, Della Peruta and Del Giudice (2016) sates that, IOT helps to health practitioners
for keeping proper record and track activities of the elder patient using this device. In addition to
thus, food calories taken by patients are also analysed by doctors along with the timing.
Medicines are whether used on time with provided guidelines by the elder people are also
effectually known by the practitioner. On the basis of these all, doctor can easily predict
requirements of the patients in adequate way. Therefore, appropriate suggestions are to be given
to those patient who taking treatments from home and use internet of things (Dimitrov, 2016).
On the other side, if IOT is not there then after consulting with doctor patient can take further
treatments and recommendations. After considering this, it can be said that, doctors are capable
up to the highly effective level in order to provide better recommendations to the patients.
SCOPE, OBJECTIVES AND RISK
Scope
The present research paper is focusing on a device i.e. Internet of Things (IOT) which is
widely used by the people in different sectors. In the current project, hospital sector is considered
under which elder patients are analysed who use IOT from home. Through this specific
technology, the practitioner of health or doctors keep in touch with elder patients and track them
on continuous basis. Further, it will be researched that by considering IOT the doctors get
alarmed in case the elder patient is in some critical situation (Paschou and et.al., 2013). Further,
through the present study it will be analysed that, when elder people use internet of things then
up to which extent doctors able to provide better suggestions to patients.
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Objectives
 To assess that IOT is whether supportive to track elder people consistently or not.
 To analyse that extent to which IOT is helpful in terms of alerting doctors in emergency
situations.
 To identify extent to which IOT is helpful to doctors in order to give better
recommendations to elder people.
Task Lists
Task title Deliverables Resources Skills Time Risk Costs
Literature
review
Chapter 2 in
research
project
Library Understandin
g and
effective
writing skills
1 week Issues and
problems of
backup
Collecting
books and
journals (£2)
Paper printing
(£5)
Collected
requirement
s and data
Chapter 3 i.e.
research
specifications
in research
project
Questionn
aire
Market
research
skills needed
½ week Risks
regarding to
proper
responses
Protecting data
collected
Travelling
expenses (£9)
Paper
requirements
(£6)
Analyse
data
Chapter 4 i.e.
data analysis
in research
project
Using
analysis
method
Analytical
skills
2
weeks
Improper
structured data
Using
computer
where
electricity
costs (£12)
Derive
conclusion
Chapter 5 in
research
project
Data
analysis
part
Skills
required
related to
decision
1 week Lack of
effective
analysis of
Paper (£4)
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making data gathered
Risk log
Risk
Type
Ris
k
Eve
nt
Like
lihoo
d
(1-
10)
Impa
ct
(1-
10)
Risk
Value
(1-
100)
Risk
Monito
ring/Co
ntrol
Flag
Risk Management
Strategy
Risk
owner
Com
menta
ry
Financial
risk
Mo
dera
te
6 9 65 Within
one and
half
month
Control over the
expenses and hire
accounting expert
Account
ing
manager
of the
project
Highl
y
affects
to the
overal
l
resear
ch
projec
t
Technolo
gy risk
Hig
h
9 9 90 Within
15 days
Use innovative
techniques along
with maintain
equipments
properly
Technic
al
manager
Mand
atory
to use
modifi
ed and
innov
ative
equip
ments
Risks
regarding
7 8 50 Within
10
Avoid to task
unethical
Owner
will be
Major
efficie
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to people
like
responden
ts and
subordina
tes
Mo
dera
te
efficien
cy
questionnaire which
are related to their
personal details
Give proper
training and
guidelines for
achieving
objectives.
leader
and
project
manager
ncy of
the
emplo
yees
Security
problems
and risks
Hig
h
8 6 70 Within
25 days
Analyse the overall
procedure within
specific period of
time.
Technic
al
manager
Use
the
securit
y
measu
res
Continge
ncy risk
Mo
dera
te
6 3 35 Within
1 month
Use the risk
assessment process
in research
Project
manager
RESEARCH METHODS
In order to carry out research, there are wide range of methods and tools required by
which scholar can start the analysis. Further, those techniques which will be used in the research
project are mentioned below:
Research Investigation:
In this generally two methods involved which are like qualitative and quantitative. The
present study considers overall theoretical part where numerical facts are not recognised. Due to
this reason, the project will be of qualitative nature where statistical tools will not consider for
conducting the research (Silverman, 2016).
Research Design:
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Other tool by which analysis tool of the project is determined, known as research design.
Three basic types are included in this technique which are such as exploratory, descriptive and
experimental. The case in which scholar has general knowledge about the topic in adequate
manner but needs to analyse specific, descriptive research design is taken into account (Research
Methodology, 2016). In the present study, researcher know about the concept of internet of
things used in hospitals. However, he or she has not idea about its usefulness which will be
analysed in the project. Therefore, in the project descriptive research design will be considered
by the analyst.
Research approach:
In order to determine structure of the project, research approach is tool is used under
which two methods involved. Further, two tools are like inductive as well as deductive. When
the study starts with the very basic and introductory part then previous research approach is the
best. In the research project, scholar will use inductive approach because at the initially internet
of things concept will be explained (Panneerselvam, 2014). After that, deep analysis will be done
and then end with the very specific part. Henceforth, the selected method of research approach
will be taken due to its suitability.
Research philosophy:
Another tool through which technique of collecting data is selected by the scholar is
known as research philosophy. Under this, normally two types are included like interpretivism
and positivism. The method in which any kind of new experiment not required along with the
scientific tools in order to gather data is identified as interpretivism. In the research project, data
will be gathered in proper direction from elder people who use internet of things and their health
practitioners without considering scientific approach (Flick, 2015). Due to this particular quality
of information, interpretivism research philosophy will seem highly appropriate.
Data collection:
Information considers as raw material for each and every research or project which will
be collected in this section. Usually two kinds of information collected from relevant sources
which are like primary and secondary. The research project will be based on the primary data
which will be collected through questionnaire source (Hunleth, 2011). The reason to consider
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this specific tool is that, reliable, valid and authentic data gathered by the researcher from
respondents.
Data analysis:
The part in which gathered information arranged in proper structure initially and then
analysed is known as data analysis. Thematic as well as statistical, these two methods are
included in this. The study where application of SPSS tools on data set is not required and
instead of this, themes are prepared on the basis of questionnaire is known as thematic analysis
(Gast and Ledford, 2014). In the research project, thematic method will be considered in order to
analyse data and determine proper conclusion.
Data sampling:
Last method of research where sample size from the overall population is collected to
gather data is called as data sampling. In this wide range of techniques included which are simple
random, cluster, stratified, convenience etc. In the research project simple random method of
sampling will be used where randomly sample will be picked from the selected population
(Taylor, Bogdan and DeVault, 2015). Further, sample of 40 elder people who use IOT and their
health practitioners will be taken by the researcher.
DIFFERENT TYPES OF ISSUES
Ethics:
Under the ethics, basic issue may be arise is regarding to ask questionnaire and collect
data from them. Sometimes the scholar can ask personal information to the respondents which is
one kind of unethical behaviour (Mackenzie and et.al., 2012). Along with this, unsecure of
collected data is also problem related to the ethics.
Legal:
At the time of hiring employees and gather reliable data it is mandatory to consider all the
legal laws and legislations. In case, the workforce or investigator not able to follow required laws
then it leads to create major issue in the project.
Security:
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Those elder people who are using internet of things, their practitioners can analyse each
and every activity of them which are doing by them. In this case, the people cannot secure
properly which is one of the major issue in the present study (West, 2016).
Professional:
For conducting effective research and determine conclusion, highly skilled and
experienced project manager and subordinates required. If the professionals are not of the better
skills and experience then it will become major issue to conduct the effectual research.
SCHEDULE OF ACTIVITIES
The present part of the research proposal reflects different activities which are required to
be considered at the time of completing project in proper direction. Plan is the initial level of
every project in which required time frame is also derived. Basically, two types of the methods
are considered in this part which are Gantt chart as well as table of monitoring and control.
Further, these both are shown below:
Gantt Chart
Activities Wee
k 1
Wee
k 2
We
ek 3
Wee
k 4
Wee
k 5
Wee
k 6
Week
7
Wee
k 8
Wee
k 9
Wee
k 10
Determining the
topic and frame
objectives
Carry out
secondary data
analysis under
literature Review
Chosen the
research
specifications and
methods
Collect primary
9

data
Arrange gathered
information in
proper structure
Analysis data
which collected
Determine the
appropriate
conclusion based
on analysis
chapter
Give appropriate
suggestions
Submission of
final report
Monitoring and Control Table
Objective/
Milestones
Deliverable
Planned
start
Planned
end
Actual
start
Actual
end
Deliverable Reflections
Literature review
1 week
12/8/17 20/8/17 13/8/17 19/8/17 Chapter 2
in research
project
Starts late
but end one
day early
Collected
requirements and
data
½ week
22/8/17 29/8/17 22/8/17 31/8/17 Chapter 3
i.e. research
specificatio
ns in
research
Starts
properly but
end late
10

project
Analyse data
2 weeks
9/9/17 21/9/17 11/9/17 24/9/17 Chapter 4
i.e. data
analysis in
research
project
It starts late
and end as
well
Derive
conclusion
1 week
26/9/17 7/10/17 27/9/17 09/10/17 Chapter 5
in research
project
Same
situation as
above
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REFERENCES
Books and Journals
Chiuchisan, I., Costin, H. N. and Geman, O., 2014. Adopting the internet of things technologies
in health care systems. In Electrical and Power Engineering (EPE), 2014 International
Conference and Exposition on. pp. 532-535.
Flick, U., 2015. Introducing research methodology: A beginner's guide to doing a research
project. Sage.
Gast, D. L. and Ledford, J. R., 2014. Single case research methodology: Applications in special
education and behavioral sciences. Routledge.
H. Dutton, W., 2014. Putting things to work: social and policy challenges for the Internet of
things. Info. 16(3). pp.1-21.
Hunleth, J., 2011. Beyond on or with: Questioning power dynamics and knowledge production in
‘child-oriented’research methodology. Childhood. 18(1). pp.81-93.
Lee, I. and Lee, K., 2015. The Internet of Things (IoT): Applications, investments, and
challenges for enterprises. Business Horizons. 58(4). pp.431-440.
Mackenzie, J. and et.al., 2012. The value and limitations of Participatory Action Research
methodology. Journal of Hydrology. 474. pp. 11-21.
Panneerselvam, R., 2014. Research methodology. PHI Learning Pvt. Ltd.
Paschou, M. and et.al., 2013. Health Internet of Things: Metrics and methods for efficient data
transfer. Simulation Modelling Practice and Theory. 34. pp.186-199.
Rasid, M. F. A. and et.al., 2014. Embedded gateway services for internet of things applications
in ubiquitous healthcare. In Information and Communication Technology (ICoICT), 2014
2nd International Conference on. pp. 145-148.
Silverman, D. ed., 2016. Qualitative research. Sage.
Solima, L., Della Peruta, M. R. and Del Giudice, M., 2016. Object-Generated Content and
Knowledge Sharing: the Forthcoming Impact of the Internet of Things. Journal of the
Knowledge Economy. 7(3). pp.738-752.
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