This presentation focuses on the importance of promoting sexual health in the UK to reduce teenage pregnancies and sexually transmitted diseases. It discusses the strategies and consequences of sexual health promotion and provides relevant articles and literature on the topic.
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Promoting Sexual Health ABSTRACT TITLE: [To understand the importance of sexual health promotion in reducing teenage pregnancies and sexually transmitted diseases in UK] BACKGROUND: [Promotion of sexual health in UK is necessary because it will help in reducing the risk of sexually transmitted diseases and teenage pregnancies to a high extent. Sexual health is also associated with broad range of health issueswhich are very important to be addressed. Hence, it is necessary to encourage service uptakes in promoting sexual health so that emotional, mental and physical health of all individuals can be restored. According to survey conducted by health organisation, it has been stated that UK has maximum number of teenage pregnancies which has also increased the number of individuals suffering from sexually transmitted disease] OBJECTIVE: •[To understand the concept of sexual health promotion. •To determine the major role of sexual health promotion for reducing teenage pregnancies in UK. •To critically analyse the role of sexual health promotion for reducing sexually transmitted diseases in UK. •To suggest different methods to promote sexual health among teenagers in UK.] METHODS: [SR Protocol, quality assessment strategies, positivism philosophy, data extraction strategy] RESULTS: [From the systematic review of various articles, it can be stated that it is necessary to reducetheburdenofsexuallytransmitteddiseases,unplannedpregnanciesand conception rate in between the age group of 16- 18 years. According to the article stated by Eldredge and et.al., (2016), it is become important to support and facilitate national and local partners in UK so that they will be able to deliver increased HIV testing in areas and communities where the prevalence of HIV is more than 0.5%] CONCLUSIONS: [The overall dissertation is based on promoting sexual health in UK. Based on the overall dissertation, it can be concluded that there is urgent need of promoting sexual health becausetherehasbeenincreasednumberofteenagepregnancies,unplanned pregnancies and sexually transmitted disease which have increased the mortality rate in UK]. oSorhaindo, A. and et.al., 2016. Being targeted: Young women's experience of being identified for a teenage pregnancy prevention programme.Journal of adolescence. 49. pp.181-190. oSunil, N. and et.al, 2014. Research Article Phenotypic Diversity and Genetic Variation within a Collection of Onion (Allium cepa L.) Germplasm from Peninsular India.Electronic Journal of Plant Breeding.5(4). pp.743-751. oVaivio, J., 2008. Qualitative management accounting research: rationale, pitfalls and potential.Qualitative Research in Accounting & Management. 5(1). pp.64–86. oWellings, K. and Johnson, A.M., 2013. Framing sexual health research: adopting a broader perspective.The Lancet.382(9907). pp.1759-1762. oWhiteley, M. A. and Whiteley, J., 2006. The familiarization study in qualitative research: from theory to practice.Qualitative Research Journal.6(1). pp.69–85. METHODS [SR Protocol] [Systematic review protocol provides basic guidelines so that all the aspects of dissertation get completed in a successful manner. This is helpful because it provides transparency for developing various methods] [Literature search strategy] [To obtain overall credibility of literature review, well defined literature strategy has been used. This will help in ensuring a more focussed research towards the completion of dissertation . After developing research questions, the next task is to select relevantarticles which can help in systematic review of the studies] [Quality assessment strategies] [Boolean operators have been used by researcher at the time of searching articles for the completion of dissertation . Different Boolean operators as well as simple words such as AND, OR, NOT and ANDNOT, etc. were used so that relevant articles can be selected]. [Positivism philosophy] [In this ongoing dissertation, author has chosen positivism philosophy because the dissertationhas mainlyfocusedonobjectiveaspectratherthanconsideringthe subjective matter of research. This has helped in meeting the objectives and aim of study successfully] [Data extraction strategy] [Data extraction strategy can be broadly defined as the method through which data about promoting sexual health and reducing rate of teenage pregnancies can be retrieved. It is helpful in resolving issues related to data extraction from various unstructuredsources.Forsuccessfulextraction,authorhasusedinclusionand exclusion criteria so that various articles can be searched for conducting systematic review] RESULTS •From the systematic review of various articles, it can be stated that itisnecessarytoreducetheburdenofsexuallytransmitted diseases, unplanned pregnancies and conception rate in between the age group of 16- 18 years. According to the article stated by Eldredge and et.al., (2016), it is become important to support and facilitate national and local partners in UK so that they will be able to deliver increased HIV testing in areas and communities where the prevalence of HIV is more than 0.5%. •On the other hand, according to the survey conducted by World Health Organisation, it was reported that in 2014, more than 6500 people in UK were diagnosed with HIV infection and more than 90,000 individuals were already living with HIV accessed care (Nguyen and et.al., 2013). This percentage has been increased by 5% from the previous year •Another issue which has been present in UK is increased rate of unplanned and teenage pregnancies. According to national survey conducted for women, it was reported that 57% females in the age group of 16-44 years had unplanned pregnancies and majority of them resulted in medical termination. •It has accounted for more than 45% of pregnancies in 2015. This percentage has increased by 7% in 2015 as compared to 2013. Further, it is also stated that the most unplanned pregnancies take place in females who are under the age group of 20-34 years •To provide access to information, local authorities and faculties of sexual and reproductive health state have adopted the strategy of providing contraception tablets to individuals, both from GP services and alternative specialist provider CONCLUSION [The overall dissertation is based on promoting sexual health in UK. Based on the overall dissertation, it can be concluded that there is urgent need of promoting sexual health because there has been increased number of teenage pregnancies, unplanned pregnancies and sexually transmitted disease which have increased the mortality rate in UK] [This part also discussed that more than 23% of the total population of UK has been suffering from sexually transmitted disease due to unsafe sexual activities. Further, it also stated that as teenagers indulge in sexual activities at an early age, this has resulted in increased number of teenage pregnancies. To avoid these circumstances, they undertake the process of abortion or termination of pregnancies which produces negative consequences on both the mother and her child] [As youngsters and other individuals in UK have first intercourse at an early age, chances of conceiving child increases by 45%. It was also included in the dissertation that conception age in UK is in between 16-18 years which have increased various issues related to promotion of sexual health] RESULTS  •In order to encourage individuals for taking contraception, it is necessary for national health services and other authorities to provide information about all these methods so that they can choose one of the best methods which also include long acting reversible contraception methods. Further, NHS England has also announced the assessment of commissioning of maternity services. This review will help in assessing various care provisions that are required to meet the changing needs of women and children •Another major issue in UK that has declined sexual health is the increase in rate of conception in between the age group of 16-18 years. Teenagers have the highest rate of unplanned pregnancies which have a negative outcome on their mental, physical and emotional well-being.Teenage mothers and young fathers, they are not able to treat their child properly due to lack of knowledge and lack of financial resources to fulfil their demands. Although, conception rate under the age group of 18 years declined in the starting of 20thcentury but, later it increased to 33% by the end of year 2015 •Teenage pregnancies also result in low birth rate which is followed by asphyxia and long term complications. Further, girls who give birth to children in their teenage years are likely to suffer with postnatal depression which can last up to 3 years after the birth of child. They are less likely to attain complete education which can result in various consequences such as adult poverty and unemployment •Poverty, disengagement from school and poor academic progress are the factors that are associated with pregnancy before the age of 18 years. However, it has also been noticed that majority of conceptions that are before the age of 18 are without any specific risk factors related to mental, physical and emotional health of a person. Based on the survey, it was concluded that teenage pregnancies are often associated with consumption of alcohol and it later on increases the likelihood of sex at a very young age. These are the reasons which lead to teenage pregnancies in UK. •For promoting sexual health in UK, it is important to develop an effective strategic planning so that they will be able to address various issues related to sexual health. As there are many local and national health authorities in UK, it is essential for the government of UK to assign various tasks to all authorities so that they would be able to promote sexual health in a better way •Hence, it is significant to provide them proper knowledge so that their awareness aboutpromotingsexualhealthwillbeincreased. Thiswillalsohelpthemin maintaining proper mental, physical and sexual health in later stages of life. It is also important to prioritise prevention so that infection would not spread. Although, sexually transmitted diseases are not contagious and do not spread from one person to another through physical contact, but, it is necessary to be careful so that infection would not reach at the stage of severity