Proportional Integral Derivative Controller

Running head: PART 2
PART 2
Name of the Student:
Name of the University:
Author’s Note:

PART 2
1
Part 2:-
1. Calibration:-
We know that the percentage of error =
| (Accepted Value – Experimental Value)/ Accepted value| *100%
Measured (Experimental) Expected (Accepted) Error (%)
3.9 4 2.5
8.1 8 1.25
11.9 12 0.83
168.2 168 0.12
19.98 20 0.1
157.9 168 6.01
12.1 12 0.83
8.3 8 3.75
4.1 4 2.5
2. Three terms of PID controller

PART 2
2
PID controller means Proportional integral derivative controller.
Proportional:-
The noticeable technique is proportional control the motor current is set in quantity to the
remaining error. If the processor is a simple amplifier with proportional gain then the output
signal is K1 E.
K1is the proportionality constant but actually it is the amplifier gain. The greater gain value is
the motor will react to any fault. Suppose the gain is bigger than the motor can come to be
unbalanced and speed up too rapidly to break in time at the correct speed (Al-Dajani et al.2016).
This is known as overshoot and the lowest speed is known as undershoot. In the most awful case
the speed fluctuated and doesn’t resolve at the proper value. This is recognized as hunting.
Integral:-
The integral part of PID are mainly use for the offset error. Naturally this happens when
the output resolves at the erroneous speed. This could be due to striction in the system, minor
miscalculations in the transducers and most expected in the motor case, extreme load braking it
down. If this occurs the researcher essential to make the system input even larger to develop
more motor power.

PART 2
3
Integral control action increases the power with time such that the output is k2∫Edt. It is
the integral constant where the output will generate timely. The the power signal will made up to
the motor speed is back to its standard level. In the signal will also made till it is sufficient to
overcome the load and also remove the error function. There is a boundary to which anything
can develop and the system should be considered to have an appropriate limit. The procedure of
integral control carries in a new difficulties, a rise in the overshoot tendency, particularly when
the structure has a big proportional constant.
Derivative:-
A derivative term does not reflect the error but the error changing rate is trying to carry
this rate to zero. It goals at devastating the error curve into a parallel line, and decreases the rate
of overshoot.