Psychology of Behaviour: Understanding Trauma-Informed Practice in UK Justice System

This report explores the psychology of behaviour and how it is influenced by trauma. It discusses two psychological theories, the similarities and differences between them, and the link between trauma and criminal behaviour. It also explains the trauma-informed practice implemented in the UK justice system. Course code and college/university not mentioned.

Psychology of Behaviour

TABLE OF CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................1
MAIN BODY...................................................................................................................................1
Ascertaining psychological perspective and ways in which they influence behaviour..............1
Explaining the similarities and difference between these theories in the way of describing
human behaviour.........................................................................................................................3
Explaining theory of criminal behaviour and causal factors & link between trauma and
criminal behaviour .....................................................................................................................4
Explaining the trauma informed practice implemented in justice system of UK.......................6
CONCLUSION................................................................................................................................8
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................10

INTRODUCTION
Trauma is one of the emotional feeling that occur in a person due to any fear or bad
experience. In the current era, people are suffering form several issues which are required to be
highlighted in order to understand its depth impact. The present report is based on
understanding the justice system approach that recognizes the impact which is basically offered
by the trauma practice. The particular system is helpful in gaining the information regarding
Justice system approach that is basically focused by tribunals, police, prisons, courts and youth
offering service. Human behavior get influenced by number of factors so paying attention on
identifying the factor that has impact on their way of conducting practices. The current study
will emphasize on investigating psychological perspective and how they get affected.
For this purpose two psychological theories and evaluation of human behavior will be
involved in study. The similarities & differentiation prevailing in both the theories will be
involved in the present report for gaining depth understanding. It will investigate theories of
criminal behavior and its causes factors which pay attention on explaining the link between
trauma and this kind of practice. In order to offer the accurate & significant understanding about
the highlighted subject matter current study will concentrate on selecting on n trauma informed
practice that is executed in UK justice systems. It's working pattern and effectiveness will be
assessed in the present investigation so that understanding psychological behavior can become
possible.
MAIN BODY
Ascertaining psychological perspective and ways in which they influence behaviour
Psychological theories are concerned with that helps to explain the ideas which has
certain aspects of human thoughts, behaviors and emotions. There are different kinds of theory
of psychology which are helpful in understanding the behavior human so that accurate action
can be identified to coordinate with prevailing circumstances. In order to study the human
behavior the theories which can be applied includes behavioral and cognitive.
Behavioral theory
This is one of the significant theory that is helpful in understanding that behaviors are
acquired through conditioning. According to this approach, it can be interpreted that behaviors
are influenced and shaped by environmental stimuli (Darby and et.al., 2018). This particular
approach is largely taken into consideration for evaluating the behavior of human on the basis of
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conducting observation. There is classical & ope-rant conditioning and reinforcement &
punishment notion that are available in the scenario that play role of affecting the person
(Jenkins, 2019). As per this approach the much emphasis is given on having factors such as
strengthening of original response can play h a role in how quickly extinction occurs. From the
evaluation of the given theory it can be recognized that trauma influence behavior by paying
attention on prevailing environment. There are different kinds of scenarios that results in
creating the trauma situation which includes different kinds of factors that are sleep disorder,
nightmare, persistent fatigue, anxiety, depression, avoiding of human emotions, etc. on the basis
of this it can be interpreted that prevailing psychology of the human which is occurring in these
mentions scenarios can get negatively affected.
Cognitive theory
It is an approach to psychology that concentrates on explaining the behavior of human
by understanding the thought processes (Nwosu and et.al., 2022). This is basically concerned
with focusing on evaluating the human mental process that goes on inside people mind,
including perception, attention, language, memory, consciousness and thinking. As per this
theory there is particular process in which the e idea of information processes that helps in
understand that how human brain works. In this information is made available from the external
environment through systems such as attention, perception, short term, memory, etc. These
processing system transforms information into systematic way and aim to specify underlie
cognitive performance. There are basically four stages of cognitive development that highly play
role of influencing behavior that includes sensorimotor, preperatonal, concrete and formal
operational stage. On the basis of this presented theory it can be recognized that human behavior
so that relevant information can be obtained to understand human behavior.
From the evaluation it can be mentioned that there are several factors which influences
the human behavior in both positive and negative pattern. Trauma is one of the adverse situation
that has negative impact on the human behavior as it result in impacting the sleep and emotional
feeling of people. It is important to emphasize that trauma is basically stressed reaction that has
different level of impact differing from person to person (Walters, 2022). Its impact can be
subtle, outright destruction and insidious which completely depends on the number of factors
possessed by individual. This involves characteristics of events, development processes, features
of human, socio cultural factors. On the basis of presented theories and information can be
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informed that there are number of aspects which results in trauma situation & has adverse
impact on human behavior.
Explaining the similarities and difference between these theories in the way of describing
human behaviour
Behavior and cognitive are the two theories that are taken into consideration for
explaining the crucial aspects that impact the human behavior. From the evaluation it can be
mentioned that these both the approach related to the psychology has few similarities in
delivering the information in turn objective of implementing theory can become possible. From
the assessment it can be mentioned that the significant similarities that are possessed by
behavioral & cognitive approach is that both uses mechanism & fundamental assumptions. In
addition to this, they both have the scientific belief that it is possible to investigate the
information regarding humans scientifically (Dye, 2018). There is much emphasis by mentioned
approaches is given on conducting experiments In certain conditions by having little objectivity.
On the basis of analysis it can be stated that cognitive & behavioral theory of psychology that
pay attention on eliminating distress so that accomplishing objective of understanding the
prevailing circumstances can become possible.
There are little differentiation between these mentioned course of action which has
influence on the processing of understanding the human behavior (Difference between
Behaviourism and Cognitive psychology, 2020).
Basis for
comparison
Behavior theory Cognitive theory
Meaning s This particular theory pay
attention on studying the human
behavior on the bass of
behaviorism
It is basically associated with having
minds to process different form of
information that builds human
behavior.
Aims at In this approach the main aim that
is intended to accomplish is to
determine cues elicit response in
particular person.
Cognitive theory aims at the mental
activities so that understanding
human behavior can become
possible.
Self evaluation There is elimination of conducting On the other hand, the particular
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the practice of evaluating the self-
analysis.
specified approach concentrates on
including and accepting self
evaluation in process.
Focus area In this specific kind of approach
the higher level of focus is
provided on observable behavior
in turn reaching to conclusion can
become possible.
There are few areas which are
concentrated by implementing the
cognitive theory that includes mental
thoughts, activities and procedure
which allows to get the significant
ability to analyze human behavior.
Based on It is basically based on the
stimulus and responses that allows
to accomplish the objective in turn
higher ability to gather fair
information can become possible.
There is based on mental processing
in turn fair & reliable information
can be obtained.
Feedback It is helpful in modifying the
behavior as per the needed
direction in turn achieving
Its feedback is supporting to guide
accurate mental connections.
Explaining theory of criminal behaviour and causal factors & link between trauma and criminal
behaviour
` Criminal behavior basically refers to the violent & antisocial behavior that leads to the
social problems with complex causes. There are different kinds of the theories which are helpful
in understanding the criminal behavior so that information regarding causes and link with
trauma practice can be identified. Pyschodynamic theory is basically associated with having h
Sigmund Freud's approach that is helpful in gaining the information regarding the causes of
prevailing the criminal behavior this focus on focusing ID, ego and super ego. This theory pay
attention on ascertaining the personality and psyche which helps in describing the motive in
crime. The particular theory is helpful in gaining the information from the analysis of one's
experiences and trauma that provide the motivation regarding particular action of a person.
There are several reasons which influences the unfavorable behavior of an individual and results
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in non ethical and criminal behavior. There are three aspects such as ID, ego and superego
which leads to hidden consciousnesses in individual that led person to commit a crime. ID is
associated with unconscious source of primitive sexual, aggressive impulse. In addition to this,
super ego is basically concerned with setting the standards for living by interjects h societal
mores. Ego is highly concerned with having sense of self-respect & mediates h between n
realities and other moment. This theory is helpful in understanding the link between
criminalistics tendencies which occur to results.
On the basis of this theory it can be interpreted for accomplishing any of the three
specified elements person tend to conduct any course of action in turn accomplishing objective
of living according to personal norms. With help of this theory it can be clearly mentioned that
there is link between the trauma and criminal behavior. Non attaining of any ID, ego and super
ego which forces an individual to commit such course of action that adversely affect their
personality and morale of society. This in attaining leads to create the improper sleeping order,
stress, anxiety, etc which outcome in conducting of such non acceptable course of action for
meeting their personal desire.
From the evaluation it can be mentioned that there are various factors which leads to
affect the functioning pattern of human being. The elements that result in criminal behavior
includes biological risk, adverse childhood experience, negative social environment, substances
abuse, etc, in addition to this, the other components which is referred as the determinants of
crime involves anti social values, criminal peers, dysfunctional family, lower self-control, etc.
these all result in creation of the trauma situation which has impact on the way of analyzing
what is right or wrong. In addition to this, all result In executing such course of action which are
not accepted legally, ethically, socially, etc (Slaughter and et.al. 2019). There are several factors
which is helpful in understanding the information regarding the emotions and unconsciousness
pattern of behaving that leads to impact the decision-making criteria of an individual. There are
number of course of action which helps in analyzing trauma creating situation in turn
accomplishing the objective of ascertaining evaluating the link between this which result in
forcing an individual to choose inappropriate course of action.
Trauma is associated with having the risk for emotional disorder like depression and
anxiety which leads to co-morbid conditions that is referred as antisocial behavior in childhood.
From the evaluation it can be interpreted that there is link between trauma and criminal course of
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action which is result in describing the activities that encountered to be difficult. The violent
acts, antisocial practices, etc are considered to be risk & trajectory of delinquency which is
refers as poor development an affect the satisfaction related with life. In addition to this, the few
causes which basically forces an individual in society that affect poverty, parental neglect, low
self-esteem, drug & alcohol abuse (Paat and Markham, 2021). On the basis of this, it can be
interpreted that trauma is affecting the emotional upset continuously which affect the capacity of
thinking regarding ethical and non crucial course of action. This theory and mentioned factors
that are identified as determinants are helpful in reflecting that there is significant extent of
relationship between trauma and criminal behavior.
Explaining the trauma informed practice implemented in justice system of UK
Justice system is basically concerned with describing the various establishments,
agencies and institutions that are concerned with having administration of enforcing the law
which is organized for handling the criminal and civil law. In UK there is implementation of
effective justice system that is helpful in accomplishing the objective of handling unethical and
irrelevant practices conducted in order to gain the objective of having significant ability of
provide assistance to people (Trauma-Informed Intervention, 2020)
Trauma informed practice is the strengthening based approach that is implemented in
respect to understand & responsiveness to impact of trauma (Colangeli, 2020). This emphasizes
that is provided by trauma informed practice is to offer the protection in terms of psychology,
emotionally and physically. The main objective of this is to rebuild the sense of control and
empowerment to offering different kinds of opportunities. UK's justice system focuses on
following principles such as safety, peer support, collaboration & mutuality, empowerment,
trustworthiness & transparency, etc. These all permits the justice system to ensure that particular
objective of conducting practice is accomplished.
For exposure to abuse, neglect, discrimination, violence, etc. there are several courses of
actions which are executed by the UK justice system that is helpful In overcoming the barriers
prevailing in having smooth functioning of society. The one of the significant strategy that is
executed by UK justice system imposed by government includes female offender strategy
which has identified that women are found to be vulnerable in both the multiplicity h and
complexity of their needs. It has been recognized that there are several mental illness, economic
deprivation, homelessness, offending behavior that are resulting the trauma among the women.
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In the formulated justice system to make the improvements approach regarding trauma
informed by providing training & delivering interventions. On the basis of this, it can be
mentioned that it becomes essential for the justice system of the UK to focus on eliminating such
irrelevant aspects that help to understand the prevailing situation in turn gaining the effectual
actions so that improvement can be implemented.
For this purpose, the significant action which are executed by business include having
process of trauma & self care, creating women friendly environment based on safety, respect and
dignity, delivering policies, practices and programs that promote healthy family and community
based environment. In addition to this, offering opportunities to improve their social economic
conditions in turn gaining the accurate working environment for development of women can
become possible (Pallone and Hennessy, 2018). Establishing a system of comprehensive &
collaborative community services such principles were developed in UK in order to response to
the problems prevailing with them. This trauma informed practice implemented in the UK
justice system has the objective of having higher ability to coordinate with prevailing
circumstances which can permit women to heal from trauma so that higher ability to live better
life can become possible.
This specified trauma informed practice is basically implemented by the UK justice
system by ensuring that adoption of approach that is helpful in having steady leadership & clear
communications' strategy int turn relevant insights about the prevailing ability to overcome the
issue can become possible. The objective highlighted of offering the safe environment to women
higher level of implement transition to trauma informed care, engaging with women for training
& supporting via staff so that preventing all type of traumatic stress which is hampering their
satisfaction level. In order to meet the objective such as preventing, protecting, helping and h
recognizing behavior that needs change (Rajaraman and et.al., 2022). From the evaluation of
given information it can be mentioned that avoiding are traumatization are crucial in respect to
make the modification. This is done by focusing on taking certain action that can help in
achieving the ability to women to grow effectively in respect to have capacity for avoiding re
traumatization, reduce barriers to access trustworthiness feeling. Currently the prevailing re
offending rate in the UK is found to be 25.6% approx that is seen to be lower than compared to
other years' perforation.
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From the evaluation it can be mentioned that particular issue of arising trauma is highly
affecting the satisfaction & peace of people in turn justice system has given emphasis on
gaining the proper innovation and collaboration in criminal justice as to implement this trauma
informed practice across UK. On the basis of this, it can be stated that there are several
components which are required to be taken into consideration in turn higher stability in working
environment can be derived. From the assessment of this, it can be mentioned that particular
approach developed for eliminating the trauma prevailing among women which is impacting
positively in turn better functioning in the market can be derived. The particular conducted
analysis is helpful in understanding that it is one of the effective approach that is performing
properly in turn accomplishing goal of eliminate negative influence of trauma.
CONCLUSION
From the above report it can be concluded that psychological behaviour is helpful in
understanding environment that shapes human behaviour. Human behaviour keeps on changing
that required to be understood in depth manner in turn appropriate knowledge can be derived.
The current report has involved psychological perspective and its influence on human behaviour.
For this purpose, behavioural & cognitive are the two theories of psychology that helps in
analysis the human behaviour. The behaviour theory is related with analysis of human behaviour
which is shaped by environmental stimuli. Cognitive approach of human behaviour is helpful in
evaluation of way of behaving by the humans that is highly influenced from the thought
processes possessed by them. In respect to gain the information it can be mentioned that there
are different practices which leads to trauma situation among human and affect their
functioning. In addition to this, the current report has given emphasis on including the
similarities between two mentioned approaches which include mechanism & fundamental
assumptions, etc. and differences that is helpful in accomplishing objective of understanding
human behaviour. The current study has comprised Pyschodynamic theory of criminal theory
and causes factors such as adverse childhood experience, biological risk, negative social
environment, etc. This theory is helpful in gaining the information about link between trauma
and criminal behaviour due to arise of distress, sleeping disorder, etc. The trauma informed
practice conducted by UK justice system include taking relevant course of action to eliminate
trauma among women in order to ensure quality performance.
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REFERENCES
Books and Journals
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Darby, R. R. and et.al., 2018. Lesion network localization of criminal behavior. Proceedings of
the National Academy of Sciences. 115(3). pp.601-606.
Dye, H., 2018. The impact and long-term effects of childhood trauma. Journal of Human
Behavior in the Social Environment. 28(3). pp.381-392.
Jenkins, H.M., 2019. Animal learning and behavior theory. In The first century of experimental
psychology (pp. 177-230). Routledge.
Nwosu, H.E. And et.al., 2022. Applying social cognitive theory to placement learning in
business firms and students’ entrepreneurial intentions. The International Journal of
Management Education. 20(1). p.100602.
Paat, Y.F. and Markham, C., 2021. Digital crime, trauma, and abuse: Internet safety and cyber
risks for adolescents and emerging adults in the 21st century. Social Work in Mental
Healt., 19(1). pp.18-40.
Pallone, N.J. and Hennessy, J.J., 2018. Criminal behavior: A process psychology analysis.
Rajaraman, A. and et.al., 2022. Toward trauma‐informed applications of behavior
analysis. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis. 55(1). pp.40-61.
Slaughter, A. M. and et.al. 2019. Criminal behavior and school discipline in juvenile justice-
involved youth with autism. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders. 49(6).
pp.2268-2280.
Walters, G.D., 2022. Criminality and Crime: A Social-cognitive-developmental Theory of
Delinquent and Criminal Behavior. Rowman & Littlefield.
Online
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<https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/hojo.12408>
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<http://www.differencebetween.net/science/health/difference-between-behaviorism-
and-cognitive-psychology/>
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