Analysis of Public Service and Psychological Perspectives

The assignment provides a comprehensive analysis of public service and psychological perspectives. It discusses various theories such as rational choice theory, social disorganization theory, and coercive interventions. Additionally, it explores the psychological perception within the public service through humanistic and behavioral approaches. The report also comments on effective team management in public services, including skills like communication and conflict resolution. It draws from research studies and theories to provide a comprehensive understanding of these topics.

Psychology of behaviour

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................1
LO3..................................................................................................................................................1
P3 Evaluate the factors which are responsible for the criminal activities..............................1
M3 Theories Associated With Criminal Activities................................................................2
LO4..................................................................................................................................................3
P4 Discovering the perspectives that can be applied by the individual in the public service 3
M4 Psychology is applied by the public services to reduce criminal behaviour....................4
P5 Determine how psychological perspectives can be applied to teams in public services...5
CONCLUSION................................................................................................................................7
REFERENCES................................................................................................................................8

INTRODUCTION
Psychology behavior is a theory of learning which is based on the idea that helps in
predicting the behavior of an individual which can be acquired through conditioning.
Conditioning can occurs through the interaction with the environment. This report will help in
understanding the factors that encourage the people in performing criminal activities (Morizot,
and Kazemian.2015). The study has totally focused on the human behavior which can be
justified by the application of various psychological behavioral theories. Also, it will provide the
psychological perspective of team as well as individuals within the public service. This study
will make a clear understanding regarding the influencing factors that derives the minds of the
people towards different behavioral approaches.
LO3
P3 Evaluate the factors which are responsible for the criminal activities
Criminal behavior is often as difficult as it seems in its actions so a criminal act occurs
when there is a specific motive or a means. One of the most popular way to understand the
criminal behavior is to gain comprehensions knowledge regarding criminogenic needs. Such
needs can be determined as a traits and which are associated with criminal thinking and behavior.
Meanwhile, crime producing factors are risk factors. In this modernized society which is
leading towards developed world, it has changed the approach and human behavior up-to the
great extent (Laferrière,and Morselli.2015). Even the people belongs to small age group are even
involved in such offensive and criminal activities. Juvenile Delinquency might be occurred due
to the negative psychology of a person. So there are various factors involved in understanding
the psychology of criminals which can be described below:
 Poor educational standards: Criminal psychology of the person can be determined by
the educational standards. Overcrowded and underfunded schools tend to lack of
discipline and orders. This can be considered as one of the most important factor which
may adopt different types of perceptions and attitude towards every problem. These
circumstances may be responsible for the prediction of various criminal actions within an
individual.
 Violence in their social circles or home: This is one of the largest contributing factor of
the criminal psychology behavior of an individual. When, a person is subjected to
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violence then, it may distract the person mentally. Society can increase the chances of
turning to crime itself. This can largely affect the behaviors.
 Socioeconomic factors: Juvenile delinquency is more common in poorer neighborhoods.
However, all the neighborhoods are not exempt from delinquent activities (Mäntymäki,
and Salo.2015). Theft and various natural crimes are generally result of the necessity and
not just a petty crime.
 Lack of moral guidance: Parental and guardian guidance is also one of the important
aspect which prevents the psychology of behavior in turning to a criminal. Lack of proper
direction may leads the person's behavior towards undesired direction. Moral guidance
influences the people in distinguishing between the right and wrong.
 Substance abuse: The use of drugs and alcohol may significantly affects the one's ability
to engage in a successful and productive lifestyle. There is often an increased tolerance to
substances may leads towards the negative perception of the things in the life of a person.
 Poverty level and job availability: This is one of the major factor which turn the people
in attempting the criminal actions. Lack of economy and financial status makes the
person in attempting the shortcuts to lead a successful life. In order to improve the
standard of living as compared to others will influence the behavior and changes the
psychology of a person towards various criminal activities. There are various different
types of theories that help in understanding the psychology of the criminals. Such
theories have been described below:
M3 Theories Associated With Criminal Activities.
Rational choice theory
Most of the people generally act in their self interest and make decisions to commit the
crime after weighting the potential risk against the rewards. This can be sometimes the basis of
the crime prevention (Thomson, and et.al., 2015).
Social disorganization theory
A person's physical and social environment are primarily responsible for the behavioral
choices that the person makes. Also, a neighborhood which has a fraying social infrastructure is
more likely to have high crime rates. Poor schools, unemployment and lack of commercial
residential property leads to change in the psychology of the people.
Biology, genetics and evolution
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This theory states that poor diet, mental illness, bad brain chemistry have been proposed
an explanation for crime. Theory mainly helps in describing the behavioral psychology of such
people who grow in an unhealthy and unwanted circumstances. People did not get proper
facilities have a huge chance of turning a criminal.
LO4
P4 Discovering the perspectives that can be applied by the individual in the public service
There are many specific methods of considering human behavior in public service. Psychologists
make use of a diffusion of perspectives while analyzing how humans suppose to act, feel, and
behave. Thus, there is no particular perspective that is better than some other each approach
truly emphasizes specific factors of human behavior (Cox, and Curtis.2016). However, in public
service there are different approaches of psychology upon which the behavior of people can be
analyzed.
Behavioral Approach : Behavioral psychologists says that outside environmental impact
the behavior of people in public service and they may be trained to behave in a certain manner.
The behavioral technique is really effective in public service as people in that sector do not care
what other person thinks (Behavioral, Cognitive, Developmental, Social Cognitive &
Constructivist Perspectives.2018.). Thus, this approach is associated with aggressive
communication style which emphasizes on talking in a loud and stressful voice, maintaining
extreme eye contact and dominating or controlling others through allegations, discouraging,
criticizing, threatening or attacking people.
However, behavioral approach of psychology in public service is linked with autocratic
leadership style as these leaders of public sector provide clear expectancies for what needs to be
done whilst it must be finished, and the way it ought to be performed. Within this style there is
also a clean division between the leaders of public sector and the individuals. Thus, Dictatorial
leaders of public service make selections independently with very little suggestions from the
people.
Humanism: Humanistic psychology is an approach that emphasizes on the behavior of
whole person. Humanistic psychology in public service depicts that an individual's behavior is
connected to his inner emotions and self-confidence. Thus, this approach in public service
centers at the view that every person is different and has its own will to change things any time.
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The humanistic attitude of people in public service shows that each of the person is responsible
for their personal happiness and well-being and people within the public service have congenital
capacity for self-actualization, that is their unique choice to reap the highest capability as human
beings.
However, this approach of psychology is linked with the assertive style of
communication as assertive communicators in public service can explicit their personal desires,
ideas and feelings, whilst also thinking about the desires of others. Assertive communicators
purpose for each sides to win in a scenario, balancing one’s rights with the rights of others.
Moreover, this approach of psychology in public service is associated with charismatic
leadership style where people influences other people with their charm. Thus, they're self-
prompted, aroused, and confident (Richards,and et.al.2016). Thus, with the help of this
leadership style people within public service build an effective status inside the market and
benefit a huge fan-following through their strong image.
M4 Psychology is applied by the public services to reduce criminal behaviour.
Psychological theories of crime say that criminal activity is an outcome of individualistic
differences in their abilities to think. There are many distinctive mental theories, however they
all say that it's miles the person's mind and emotions that dictate their moves. Thus, issues in
abilities to think can cause criminal conduct (Hetrick, and et.al., 2016). However, there are
various theories applied by public service to combat with criminal behavior of people.
Cognitive behavioral therapy: Cognitive-behavioral approach is a form of
psychotherapy that treats troubles and increases happiness via modifying dysfunctional feelings,
behaviors, and ideas.
Thus, this theory aims to perceive harmful thoughts, verify whether they're an accurate
depiction of truth, and if they're no longer, apply strategies to overcome them such harmful
behavior.
With the aim to fight with these adverse mind and behaviors, a cognitive-behavioral
therapist supports the client to pick out the problematic ideals. This theory is called purposeful
evaluation which is essential for mastering how thoughts, feelings, and conditions can make
contributions to manipulative behaviors ((Stallard.2019)).
This theory places an emphasis on assisting individuals to learn how to be their own
therapists via some workouts in the consultation in addition to homework exercises outside of
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time period, thus, clients are helped to increase coping talents, whereby they are able to discover
ways to modify their very own thinking, elaborate feelings and conduct.
However, cognitive therapists emphasize what is going on within the persons modern-day
life, instead of what has led up to their problems. Thus, a positive quantity of records about one's
history is wanted, but the cognizance is in most cases on shifting forward in time to increase
greater powerful methods of coping with life (Morizot, and Kazemian. 2015).
Moreover, one of the main focal point of cognitive-behavioral remedy is on changing the
negative thoughts of people within public service by which they can contribute to and change
emotional problems, depression, and tension.
With the help of cognitive theory, sufferers take a look at these harmful thoughts like
pursuing criminal activities and are influenced to study evidence from truth that both helps or
refutes these harmful thoughts.
Thus, by doing this, human beings are able to take an extra objective and sensibly study
the thoughts that make a contribution to their feelings of anxiety and melancholy.
Cognitive theory helps the people in becoming aware about the negative and often
unrealistic thoughts that conquer their emotions and moods and thus, people are able to begin
carrying out more healthy thinking patterns (Laferrière, and Morselli.2015).
Coercive Restraint Therapy: Coercive theory is defined as an intellectual fitness
intervention related to physical restraint and is used in adoptive or foster households with the
goal of increasing emotional attachment to their parents and reducing the sufferers harmful
thoughts by guiding them for emotional attachments with their friends and families.
P5 Determine how psychological perspectives can be applied to teams in public services.
Psychological perspectives is applied in teams of public service through several skills that helps
in building effective team.
Team Identity: Through this factor we can recognize how well the team in public service
establish belongingness, a desire to work in a group, and a sense of understandability among
each member of the team.
Motivation: Through this skill we can presume the level of responsibility and strength
each team member in the group acquires in public service, and we can assume that whether they
are working in opposition or towards the crew (Mäntymäki, and Salo.2015).
Emotional attention:By using this factor we can view the level of attention the team pays
to noticing, expertise, and respecting emotions of crew individuals in public service. Thus, it is
an essential component in motivation, productivity, and a group’s potential to collaborate. So it’s
fundamental to the achievement of every team.
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Communication: This factor is a critical element for influencing people to work in a
group. Thus, this skill will help in providing response and directions on how properly each of the
group members listens, encourages engagement and discusses difficult subjects.
Conflict Resolution : This factor from psychology perspective addresses how
constructively the group in public service conducts the activity of disagreement and whether the
team is able to cope with adversity to enhance its functioning, as opposed to being caught up
within the struggle (Thomson and et.al., 2015).
Positivism: This factor helps in framing the encouragement, humorousness and the way a
group expects to be within public service. This skill brings group’s adaptability and resiliency.
Thus, the coronary heart of a “can-do” mindset helps in constructing an energized attitude on
team members in public service.
However, Psychological perception can be applied in team on the basis of Psycho-dynamic
theory which says that help in studying the psychological elements underlying human conduct,
and feelings, and the way they'll relate to their childhood experiences. This concept is mainly
focuses dynamic relation among aware and subconscious motivation, and asserts that behavior is
influenced from underlying conflicts over which people in public service frequently have little
consciousness.
Thus, a psycho-dynamic group in public service is a long term team made from different
team members with similar styles of diagnoses, which include depression, personality disorder,
tension disorder and many others.
This group in public service is lead by one or maybe two intellectual health experts and
their purpose for becoming a member of this form of is to acquire how to cope with relationships
whilst mastering approximately all the dysfunctional ways in which one has functioned till the
prevailing time. Thus, the reason of studying approximately one's very own dysfunctional styles
is to become self aware and begin behaving in a manner which are healthier so that the team
member can experience more success within the public service (Cox, and Curtis.2016).
Moreover, today psycho-dynamics approach is an evolving multidisciplinary domain that
analyzes and research human concept methods, reaction styles, and impacts in public service.
Thus, research in this field focuses on areas inclusive of:
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 Know-how and awaiting the variety of conscious and unconscious responses to particular
sensory inputs, inclusive of photographs, colors, textures, sounds, and so forth of team
members.
 Using the communicative nature of motion and primal physiological gestures to affect
and study unique thoughts-frame states of team within public service
 Analyzing the ability of the thoughts and senses to at once have an effect on
physiological reaction and organic change of team members withing public service
(Stallard.2019.).
CONCLUSION
This report briefly summarizes about the criminal behavior and their various factors which have
analyzed through different theories like rational choice theory or social disorganization theory
etc. Further, the project have also highlighted the psychological perception within the public
service which is analyzed through various approaches like humanistic or behavioral approach
that will help in applying psychological perspective. On the flip side, the report have also framed
the various theories like coercive interventions o cognitive theory which are adopted by public
services to reduce the criminal activities of people within that sector. Eventually, the report have
commented on the various ways that builds an effective team within the public service and have
also described the psycho-dynamic group theory that will help the public services to maintain
effective team had keep the team motivated through various skills like communication, conflict
resolution etc.
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REFERENCES
Books and Journals
Morizot, J. and Kazemian, L., 2015. 1 Introduction: Understanding Criminal and
Antisocial Behavior Within a Developmental and Multidisciplinary Perspective. In The
development of criminal and antisocial behavior (pp. 1-16). Springer, Cham.
Laferrière, D. and Morselli, C., 2015. Criminal achievement and self-efficacy. Journal of
Research in Crime and Delinquency.52(6).pp.856-889.
Mäntymäki, M. and Salo, J., 2015. Why do teens spend real money in virtual worlds? A
consumption values and developmental psychology perspective on virtual
consumption. International Journal of Information Management.35(1).pp.124-134.
Thomson, K.and et.al., 2015. Interprofessional experiences of recent healthcare
graduates: A social psychology perspective on the barriers to effective communication,
teamwork, and patient-centred care. Journal of interprofessional care.29(6).pp.634-640.
Cox, C.E. and Curtis, J.R., 2016. Using technology to create a more humanistic approach
to integrating palliative care into the intensive care unit. American journal of respiratory and
critical care medicine.193(3). pp.242-250.
Stallard, P., 2019. Think Good, Feel Good: A Cognitive Behavioural Therapy Workbook
for Children and Young People. Wiley.
Richards, D.A. and et.al., 2016. Cost and Outcome of Behavioural Activation versus
Cognitive Behavioural Therapy for Depression (COBRA): a randomised, controlled, non-
inferiority trial. The Lancet, 388(10047), pp.871-880.
Hetrick, S.E. And et.al., 2016. Cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT), third‐wave CBT
and interpersonal therapy (IPT) based interventions for preventing depression in children and
adolescents. Cochrane database of systematic reviews, (8).
Online
Behavioral, Cognitive, Developmental, Social Cognitive & Constructivist
Perspectives.2018.[Online].Available through:<>https://study.com/academy/lesson/behavioral-
cognitive-developmental-social-cognitive-constructivist-perspectives.html
Humanism.2015.[Online].Available
through:<https://www.simplypsychology.org/humanistic.html>
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