PICO Worksheet and Search Strategy

This document provides a step-by-step guide on how to use the PICO framework to define a research question, develop search terms, and find relevant information. It also includes examples and tips for conducting a systematic review or meta-analysis.

Semester 2, 2020
PICO Worksheet and Search Strategy
1. Define your question using PICO: Population, Intervention, Comparison, and Outcome.
Population: Individuals aged over 60 who live in care homes of Australia.
Intervention: Cognitive-behavioural oriented interventions (Providing patients with more social
opportunities).
Comparison: No comparison group is considered because of the question that has been developed is
particularly focusing on an issue of interest.
Outcome: Improvement in social conditions and reducing loneliness and social isolation.
2. Write out your question: What cognitive-behavioural oriented intervention is best suitable in
case of individuals aged over 60 to improve social conditions, reducing loneliness and social
isolation?
3. List the main topics and terms from your question that you can use to search.
Cognitive-behavioural oriented interventions or different types of interventions used to reduce
loneliness
Individuals aged over 60 or Ageing society
Care homes of Australia or retirement communities
4. Check any limit that may pertain to your search:
_X_ Age __ Language __ Year of publication
5. Type of study/publication you want to include in your search: (From Step 2 of tutorial)
_X_ Systematic Review or Meta-Analysis
_X_ Clinical Practice Guidelines
_X_ Critically Appraised Research Studies
__ Individual Research Studies
__ Electronic Textbooks
6. Check the databases you searched:

Semester 2, 2020
_X_ Cochrane Library
__ Joanna Briggs
_X_ CINAHL with Full Text
_X_ PubMed Clinical Queries
7. What information did you find to help answer your question?
1) Cinahl: Social isolation and loneliness. (2019). [Online]. Available through:
https://www.aihw.gov.au/reports/australias-welfare/social-isolation-and-loneliness.
In the year of 2016 when census of population and housing took place, it was found that
approximately 1 of every 4 (24 percent) Australian families are solitary (lonely) individual family
units and 71% are family units approximately 45% comprised of a couple with kids, 38% a couple
without youngsters and 16% were a one-parent family with at least one kid. Living alone and not
being involved with an accomplice is considered to be a cause of continuous rise in mental health
related issues. Relationship division will in general bring about an expansion in social isolation
across old age individuals (specifically individuals aged more than 60), notwithstanding, the
impacts are more expressed for male individuals than females. It has been found that, isolated
men are in excess of multiple times bound to create loneliness than other men, instead of twice as
likely for lonely females. Single guardians experience more elevated levels of social detachment
(38% for men, 18% for ladies) than singles grown-ups without youngsters, or couples with or
without.
2) PubMed Clinical Queries: Arch Gerontol Geriatr. 2019 May-Jun;82:192-199. doi:
10.1016/j.archger.2019.02.007. Epub 2019 Feb 22.
Treatment of loneliness or social isolation is considered through mental illness (melancholy,
uneasiness), with restricted achievement. Isolation or loneliness is viewed as a way to prosperity
by Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction (MBSR), and in this evidence exists for the pertinence of
creating pressure related clinical components which have exhibited a crucial subsection in
loneliness. Subsequently, unexplored direct clinical treatment of natural elements in depression
turns into a choice for individuals more than the age of 60.
Conclusion:
It is being concluded that, it is taking into consideration of Cognitive-behavioural oriented
interventions or different types of interventions are helpful for individuals (specifically individuals
aged more than 60) who feel lonely. This would help them in reducing the chances of creating their
own space and build their mindset just when they will start getting opportunities to socialise
themselves.
Notes:
Reflection:
At the time of performing search for evidence in relation to the chosen topic, I have realised that
decision making skill is something which plays an important role. I am saying this because, when I
searched CINAHL, I came up with ample number of articles which were linking with the topic. It was my
responsibility to appraise the articles by myself in order to specifically validate all the findings.