Mental Health Nursing Practice

Running head: MENTAL HEALTH NURSING PRACTICE
Mental health nursing practice
Name of the student
Name of the university
Author note

1Mental Health Nursing Practice
Response to case study 1.
John is a school student of 18 years and has admitted to the mental health centre for the
primary episode psychosis. Psychosis refers to a damaged relationship with the society and
reality. It is a sign of a critical mental disorder. Psychotic disorder People who are suffering
from this disease may have the problem of hallucination or delusion. John has the hallucination
problem. In this assignment, the biopsychosocial factors of John’s primary psychosis are
described. Along with this, the role of nurses in managing this disease of John and ethical issues
related to the treatment of this disease is also defined. The psychosis disorder of John is related
to the drugs and alcohol. John is admitted to the hospital with the problem of hallucination.
Hallucination is a sensory disorder that allows the person to experience a virtual stimulus that is
they feel actual stimulus although there is no real stimulus. The level of hallucination, in this
case, is also described.
The bio psychosocial factors is quite responsible for John’s disease. Biological factors are
those, which is carried forward from his parents to John. These are mainly genetical
characteristics of John’s father or mother.Any disease that is carried by John's parents can be
crucial biological factor. John is currently suffering from the problem of hallucination that is he
is assuming somebody and continue talking with him or her. He is roaming around the house ad
he thinks that somebody is talking with him.It is the sign of complete hallucination. In case of
psychotic disorder,the brain of a human being is directly involved.the brain consists of nerve
cells,named neurons and as well as with some chemical ,called neurotransmitter.The imbalance
of these neurotransmitter is directly responsible for such kind of psychotic disorders.The
neurotransmitter which is thought to be responsible is the dopamine.Dopamine is responsible for
transmission of signal from nerve to the brain.It is predicted that people with psychotic disorder

2Mental Health Nursing Practice
produces too much dopamine than normal individual.However there is various evidence to
support the Dopamine theory of psychotic disorders.In various research it is seen that drugs
dopamine receptor blocker are quite successful in case of psychotic disorder.The anti-psychosis
drugs used to treat this disorders mainly block the binding site for the dopamine.As a result the
dopamine cannot bind to its adjacent receptor and failed to transmit the signal. In case of
primary psychosis,like schizophrenia there is more dopamine. Moreover ,if they bound to the
receptor continuously,the result will be the primary psychosis.In case of dopamine receptor
blocking,in spite of huge dopamine concentration,they unable to bind with the proper
receptor.This mechanism is used to treat primary psychosis (Uchida,2017). On the other hand,
many drugs like amphetamine, also responsible to hike the level of dopamine and this can also
cause psychotic symptoms. According to the John’s case study,John consumes amphetamines
on a regular basis.Amphetamines increases the level of dopamine in his body and that results in
such symptoms.The regular intake of amphetamine also increased level of serotonin which is
also responsible for the onset of psychotic disorder (Ahnaou et al.,2017). Excessive amount of
serotonin can overexcite the nerve tissues and produces uncertain spikes in neuron activity.This
over-excitement can cause psychotic disorders (Fjukstad et al.,2017). John was addicted to
marijuana when he was in grade 9.It is said that marijuana can hike the chances of psychotic
disorder and the persons who have a family history of a of schizophrenia or psychotic disorder
are in great danger. Marijuana and its role in schizophrenia is directed to Cannabis and which
may hike the chances psychiatric disorders. The cannabinoid receptors mainly include two
receptors and they are CB1 and CB2.The marijuana directly affects the endocannabinoid (ECB)
system. Most neurotransmitters are synthesized in presynaptic neurons and works through a
calcium ions.ECBs that are synthesized in the postsynaptic region releases in the synaptic cleft