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Psychopathology assignment sample

   

Added on  2019-11-14

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Running head: PSYCOPATHOLOGY1PsychopathologyStudent’s NameDate of Submission
Psychopathology assignment sample_1
PSYCOPATHOLOGY2AutismAutism is a mental disorder, long term in nature which is diagnosed in young children ofages as low as one and three years old. It is a pervasive disorder in the course of development inchildren and it is characterized by poor communication methods, being extremely unresponsiveto other children and adults, having a rigid behavior and being highly repetitive (Kenny et al.,2016). The pervasive development disorder is a form of the autism spectrum in which in whichthe victims have low levels of social interactions, unnecessary response to varied stimuli in theenvironment in which they live in and poor communication methods. This paper will coverseveral aspects related to autism such as etiology, history, causes, and treatment. Based on theStatistical Manual on Mental disorders part 4, impairments in terms of social interactions andcommunication problems observed by autism children are lack of eye to eye contact, inability touse gestures as a form of non-verbal communication and lack of nonverbal behaviors amongothers. In other cases, the autism children are unable to form peer relationships with theircolleagues, while they also indicate a repetitive behavior in their activities (Case-Smith et al.,2015). These repetitive behaviors include the continued preoccupation with some restrictedpattern of activities and motor manners such as twisting hands or flapping fingers. For childrenbelow the age of three years, there is an observable delay in the development such as thelanguage, participating in imaginative plays, understanding symbols and social interaction withthe people around them. Historical perspectiveThe autism disorder was first described by a Swiss psychiatric and psychologist BleulerEugene. In this case, autism has been described as a basic disturbance in schizophrenia such that2
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PSYCOPATHOLOGY3an individual is withdrawn from the social life. On the basis of the Diagnostic Statistical Manualof mental disorders, the spectrum of autism disorder is composed of childhood disintegration,pervasive development disorder, autism disorder, Asperger disorder, and Rett disorder. Thereports from clinicians indicate that the symptoms of autism disorders begin to be observed ataround eighteen months during childhood days (Brunsdon & Happé, 2014). One of the criteria used to detect the possibility of autism by clinicians on children is theuse of language. This criterion is more specific because it is easy to detect an abnormal verbal ornonverbal form of communication. Some of the common indicators using language criteria arethe body posture, eye to eye contact, use of gestures and much more during a social interactionsession. There are varied causes of autism but they vary from place to place, and one person toanother, although other causes may be common (Talkowski et al., 2014). Although iodinedeficiency is a known cause of autism, this condition has also been known to be both genetic aswell as hereditary. Food which is deficient of iodine causes low IQ, cretinism and other negativeeffects to the growing fetus. In other cases, pregnant women who do not give their bodies enoughtime to heal may lead to the birth of the next child being with an autism disorder (Alexandra,2015). There is a close association which exists between iodine deficiency in the diet and thedevelopment of low attention and hyperactivity, especially in the United States. Considering the fact that iodine deficiency is at a marginal state in most families,exposure of children or expectant mothers to anti-thyroid materials like organochlorines, andtobacco smoke lower a number of thyroid hormones. This leads to the development ofhypothyroxinemia which in turn causes the birth of autism children. Although autism wasreported in the 20th century, it has been on the rise even throughout the 21st century. It is also3
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