Errors produced by questionnaires (Gonzalez, 1994) ellaborates on improving the awareness of data quality in the Federal Statistical agencies

Running head: PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION
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Public administration
Types of errors produced by questionnaires
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PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION
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Types of errors produced by questionnaires
(Gonzalez, 1994, pp.12-17) ellaborates on improving the awareness of data quality in the
Federal Statistical agencies outlines the errors of measurement associated with the use of
questionnaires. The author illustrates three aspects for coming up with effective questionnaires as
developing the questions, testing, and evaluating the questionnaire. In research, the quality of
data to be collected determines the reliability of the findings and the degree of projecting the
results to a larger population. This calls for an establishment of an effective data collection
method which begins with the identification of the nature of data to be collected in relation to the
research objectives and question.
The article provides a practical guidance on improving the use of survey questionnaires
for data collection by the federal agencies and their contractors. The cognitive aspects of survey
methodology was identified to be used in the article by the committee of the national statistics by
formation of the cognitive laboratories to address the measurements of the errors associated with
the survey questionnaires used by the federal agencies of the United States (Koskey, Sondergeld,
Stewart, and Pugh, 2018, pp.95-122). These laboratories were relied on for testing, developing,
and improving the quality of the survey data as well as for developing a theoretical foundation
that aimed at minimizing the sampling errors in designing the survey study.
Additionally, the vulnerability shown by the completed projects indicated the factual
biases in the used questionnaires that demanded pre-testing of questions and the procedures in
these laboratories to outlay an extensive set of questionnaires before fielding a survey for the
other studies. The pre-testing process involved the engagement of the informal interviews for
small experimental research to the main large-scale research studies. The article elaborates that