Public Health Approach in Various Fields

This document provides a comprehensive overview of the public health approach in different fields, including early childhood development, preventing neural tube defects, palliative care, managing advanced HIV disease, evidence-based public health, and more. It includes references to various studies and research papers that demonstrate the application of the public health approach in these areas. The document also mentions the importance of adopting an ecological public health approach to suicide prevention and addresses child sexual abuse and exploitation through a public health lens.

Public Health

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................1
TASK 1............................................................................................................................................1
1.1 Roles of different agencies in identifying levels of health and disease in communities.......1
1.2 Statistical data, the epidemiology of one infectious and one non-infectious disease that is
widespread in their own country.................................................................................................2
1.3 Effectiveness of different approaches and strategies to control the incidence of disease in
communities................................................................................................................................3
TASK 2............................................................................................................................................4
2.1. Determine current priorities and approaches to provision of service for people with
disease or illness such as Breast Cancer and HIV. .....................................................................4
2.2. Determine the relationship between the prevalence of HIV and Breast Cancer and
requirements of service to support person in the health and social care setting. .......................5
2.3. Analysis the impact of current life-style choice on future needs and social care services.. 5
TASK 3............................................................................................................................................7
3.1 Asses the health and well being priorities.............................................................................7
3.2 Effectiveness of strategies, systems and policies for ensuring health and wellbeing ..........7
3.3 Discuss the changes...............................................................................................................9
3.4 Evaluate activity....................................................................................................................9
CONCLUSION..............................................................................................................................10
REFERENCES .............................................................................................................................11

INTRODUCTION
Public health is very important for society to develop the healthy environment and to
provide safety at workplace. Government proposed a new law regarding the safety and cleaning.
It can be controlling the diseases and preventing dangerous infections like HIV and Breast
Cancer that would be harmful for immune system as well as individual’s health. Most health care
industries would design an efficient medicine to reduce the level of natural diseases.
Epidemiology is a very important part of medical science that identifies distribution, cause and
prevention of disability (Seymour and Cassel 2017). This report will determine roles and
responsibilities of various agencies for finding the level of diseases and health in social
community. An agency needs to use different strategies and approaches to control the diseases
within environment. This report will discuss about non-infectious and infectious diseases in
United Kingdom. It also provides knowledge and information about effects and causes.
TASK 1
1.1 Roles of different agencies in identifying levels of health and disease in communities
Many companies provide facility for safety, health and social communities in United
Kingdom to the world. The basic aim of this organization is to provide the best services to
people. They have specific goals and objectives that are set within the organization. There are
various types of agencies and they play different roles and responsibilities in communities that
are described below:
 World Health care - World Health Care Company doesn't provide services to people in
which they are working as private organization. They provide health services on the basis
of nation. This organization is more active to give better facilities on time related natural
diseases etc. and tries to find out particular diseases and their prevention. They are
generating different strategies and planning to solve the problem effectively and
efficiently. They are various research centers and laboratories from country to identify
precautions for particular diseases. There are main functions of world health care
organization in International and national level as followings:
World health organization provides the leadership quality to handle the global health care in
effective ways.
◦ It also analyses the method research on the basis of availability of resources that
require for the health care organization.
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◦ The organization is helping to tracking the record of patients as well as diseases.
◦ The main mission of this organization to assess the latest trends in order to ensure that the
resources are needed for organization to provides the best services to their patients. They freely
move from one place to another.
 National Health Care- this is the best organization to provide the facilities and services
free of cost for people. They have efficient team to helps those people who has
insufficient money. It is another best process to deals with various type of people and
fulfill their needs. This organization is provided the best services and list of services
 General Medical Council- this organization is helps to identifying the level of diseases
and health in Social community. This organization is working for provide the protection
of patients and it improving their educations in United Kingdom. It can be provide the
best services in the country. They have participated as finding the level of diseases on the
basis of survey.
1.2 Statistical data, the epidemiology of one infectious and one non-infectious disease that is
widespread in their own country
Epidemiology is the best process to study a different disease and distribution in the
community. It deals with all factors that would affect and can cause negative impact in the social
environment. There are mainly studied carried out on infectious and non-infectious diseases.
Infectious diseases are those diseases that can affect the body and it is an infection agent
(Seymour and Cassel 2017). Non-infectious diseases are affects the immune system that would
be inheriting from the past generations. There are different type of Infectious disease such as
Food Borne diseases and these are caused by intake of substance. The microbes are present in
food that would be directly entering through the substance and can also damage the body. These
microbes affects the body part and person feel weakness, illness and diseases.
According to survey, it can be concluded that Food Borne diseases spreads all around
United Kingdom. It is a common diseases and most of the peoples are suffer from this diseases in
UK. In most of the cases, they suffer many challenging issues and problem that need to be taken
proper precaution for long term (Ford and Doherty 2018). There are various products that
positively affect the body such as meat, Fish and dairy product, these food item has microbe.
Non-infectious diseases are considered to be obesity that affect the body fat and large amount of
fats collected on the body. It is the major cause for every people in current days.
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1.3 Effectiveness of different approaches and strategies to control the incidence of disease in
communities
There are various type of approaches and strategies helpful for controlling the diseases in
community and provide a healthy environment. This approaches are helpful for identifying the
diseases and their treatments.
Screening- This is the short term to screening the whole process of precautions and care. It is
very important part of every organization to provide many services and medicine before harms
the environment.
 Advantages of medical screening is to determine the diseases with the help of
instruments that are detected from the machines. Advantages of screening such as
detection of cancer, reducing the mortality, prevention for breast cancer etc.
 Disadvantages- It also detects the cancer but not prevents for the diseases,
uncomfortable of mammograms.
This is the important strategy to useful for control the diseases in the social environment.
Screening is useful to testing the diseases and identify the actual requirement to solve the
problems.
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 Surveillance: Surveillance refers to observing the environment. Surveillance of diseases
means keep a watch over the surroundings that gives prior notice towards the effects of
the upcoming diseases (Brownson and Gillespie 2017). It acts as a tool that analyses and
interpret the analysis in s form that helps in identifying the need to introduce different
health programs for the population. Further, it analyses the whole requirement of
medicine for particular diseases by this tool.
 Environmental Control- This is important for each and every people to be develop an
effective and healthy environment. They main responsibility of people to aware about the
diseases and precaution. This is essential part of organization as well as government to
improve their services and give an effective services and facilities to their customer.
Environment control is major part of organization to provide the best services in the
environment. Keeping the environment safe is not only the duty of the government, but is
the responsibility of the population as well. Environment safety and control aids in
disruptions of many diseases.
TASK 2
2.1. Determine current priorities and approaches to provision of service for people with disease
or illness such as Breast Cancer and HIV.
In condition of illness or disease like HIV and Breast Cancer, health care providers play
vital role. These are those diseases or illness which needs high level of care and guidance. There
are various disease which needs high care and guidance such as cancer, obesity, diabetes, HIV,
water born disease etc. In all these diseases, it is very important to identify the priority in the
diseases so that preventive measures can be taken in order to stop spreading of disease. If these
disease remains untreated than a person in nor more live his/her life more than 10 years.
HIV is the diseases which have terrible effect on the population of United Kingdom as well as on
the world population. It is type of virus that hit the entire immune system of body. It destroys the
white blood cell in the immune system which is known as T-helper and it takes birth in huge
number (Yip and Cheung 2017). The entire immune system of an individual is break down.
Breast cancer is also a very dangerous disease as in these diseases entire parts of body is swelled
up. Severe pains in breast and nipple. So both these disease needs to be cure and predicted. There
are some steps in order to prevent these diseases which are describes as follows-
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Primary Prevention- This is a type of prevention which is defined as foremost preventive
measure that has been used to forbid the people from the disease by educating them about illness
and there cause. The government of UK is doing efforts in order to make people aware of these
diseases. They are organising various campaigns and programmes to educated people about HIV
and Breast cancer and many more diseases. CHAPS and NAHIP are the examples of prevention
campaigns.
Secondary prevention- This is a type of prevention which tires to intervene and hopefully
put an end to the disease before it fully develops. It is a screening and detection of the infectious
agent who are acting as the carrier for the specific illness or disease (Hemenway, 2017). There
are various programmes that are educating people such pregnant women's blood is tested before
feeding so that her child is not affected from that disease.
Tertiary prevention- This is the final and last step of preventing of life as this stage aims
at taking care of person. Palliative care is provided to them. Emotional and medical care both
known as palliative care. DALYs is a disease or health situations that are calculated sum of the
Life Lost Years of (YLL) due to premature mortality and the Years Lost because of the
Disability (YLD) for people:
DALY= YLL+YLD
YLL is useful for finding the death number that multiplied by the actual age of human being.
YLD is the formula when finding the lost of populations because of disability.
Burden of diseases- The well-being status of a populace can be roughly surveyed by
estimating
Passing rates – or ideas like tyke mortality or future which depend on mortality gauges. An
emphasis on horribleness anyway gives little understanding into the weight of pervasive
ailments, which are influencing the soundness of populace yet are not really reasons for death.
The principal 'Worldwide Burden of Disease' (GBD) was GBD 1990 and the DALY metric was
noticeably highlighted in the World Bank's 1993 World Development Report. Today it is
distributed by the analysts at the Institute of Health Metrics and Evaluation (IHME) and the
'Malady Burden Unit' at the World Health Organization (WHO), which was made in 1998.
The IHME proceeds with the work that was begun in the mid 1990s and distributes the Global
Burden of Disease think about.
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2.2. Determine the relationship between the prevalence of HIV and Breast Cancer and
requirements of service to support person in the health and social care setting.
Prevalence of HIV and Breast cancer are the proportion of total population that gets
effected by specific disease. To provide information about the illness faced by people is known
as prevalence of disease. This report provides an idea to plan about the services that requires to
be given in respect to the troubles and issues.
In order to identify the health needs it is very important for people to support person in
social and health care. This helps in organizing programmes that can be implemented for
prevention of disease. In Health care associations, person have all knowledge and skills about the
root cause of the illness as well as they have records of area of disease where it is more spread.
By their records they target the specific areas first. These records not only assist in planning and
organizing programmes but also assist in examining their requirements in furnishing education.
For health care people, prior information and knowledge about the cause and cure of
disease is very much beneficial for an individual (Cutcliffe and Santos 2017). These
information’s and knowledge provided health and social care individual an idea to plan the
resources and task. With the help of these information’s and knowledge health and social care
can target the people with higher risk by evaluating the data in respect to effect and cause of the
disease. Health and Social care individuals are working and contributing large in prevention of
HIV and Breast cancer diseases.
Planning- This is very important for organization to planning an effective strategy
towards the detection of diseases and easily identified that what type of diseases cause the human
body. They are planning according to the requirement. It is very important for organization to
provides all facilities and services regarding the HIV and Breast cancer. It easily identifies the
actual issues behind the diseases.
Expertise- Each and every organization has appointed very efficient people to handle all
the critical situations in proper manner. They have capabilities and knowledge to performing
different function in the surgery and operation. There are many devices already available in
market that helpful for check the level of diseases such as HIV and Breast cancer.
Funding- Most of the organization are taking funding to the bank and other investor
because most of the investors are helping to the health care organisation.
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Facilities- It provides the best services to their patient. It is very essential for each and
every organisation to managing their services towards the customers. It is necessary part of
organization to maintain their facilities.
2.3. Analysis the impact of current life-style choice on future needs and social care services.
Eating habits, intake of substances, culture of work and exercising are the main elements
that have great impact on health of a person. These all elements plays a vital role in illness of a
person. Due to wrong habits such as consuming drugs, smoking, drinking and other harmful
things that become the biggest reason of having health problems.
There are some factors in United Kingdom that has become the fashion and lifestyle of
the people of UK like smoking, drinking, etc. But these are problems which cause serious effect
on the health of the people.
Eating habits- This is the main reason of causing many health problems. Wrong habit of
eating leads to increase in fat which results in obesity (Mian and Collin-Vézina 2017). Increase
weight decreases the life of people. From the analysis of data from heath and social care stated
that about 10% of life of people is reduce by their heavyweight.
Diet- Poor habit of diet also cause many heath issues. The people living in UK has habit
of eating junk food and consuming lots of sugar substance. These habits of eating decreases all
the proteins and vitamins in body as well increases obesity.
Exercise and physical activity- UK technology is going to be advance in today's time.
People are getting more advance and highly depended on technologies. There are not concern
about doing exercise and work outs. These also increases the weight of people and also cause
obesity.
There are some other habits of people of UK which are causing health care-
Smoking- Smoking is another very bad habit of people living in UK. Smoking is now
become fashion and life-style of people. About 90000 people die in a year only because of
smoking. Health and social care organizations are conducting various campaigns in order to stop
smoking. Smoking is not dangerous for health of a person but it also causing serious hazard to
the environment.
Sexual Health- Sexual health plays a vital role in the life span of an individual. It is very
important for people to know about the importance of sexual health and understand the cause and
effects to Sexually transmitted disease (Mian and Collin-Vézina 2017). The government of UK is
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trying to educate and encourage people about the safe and protective sex. They are also given
preventive measures to cure from this disease.
Work Culture- The people of UK are becoming very work oriented which also a bad
habit as they are forgetting other things which are essential parts of life. They are giving more
priority to work rather than on there health. Night shifts, regular work on laptops and computers
are a bad habit for people.
Lack of physical activity: Physical exercise is no more exists in the schedule of the
people now days. Individuals having sitting jobs are more vulnerable to obesity as they eat and
sit without doing any physical work the whole day. This develops a fat on their body and hence
they suffer from obesity.
TASK 3
3.1 Asses the health and well being priorities
In this context, Health and Well-being is basically uses for local leaders that provides the
health care service to their local people, they understand the need of local communities and it
also develops an effective strategy to meet all the criteria. The Board is working together the
national health care services and provides the best services regarding the social care and
children’s services, public health etc. It also takes lead to developing innovative ideas to the local
people. The main priority of well-being and health to this Strategy for Bromley. The
development of the JSNA has plans and implementing this strategy that has been led by London
Borough of Bromley and Bromley CCG.
Well-being is the condition in which individual feel comfortable with surroundings. This
state of well-being can be achieved only when the person is healthy, happy and satisfy with
environment. Some modification is made with improve current market network as per the need
of overall development of health sector. In addition, wellbeing can be classified social, physical,
environmental and economic factor (Morris and Treat 2017). Wellbeing of an individual is very
much related with the health. Different people suffer from different types of diseases. The type
of the disease and its effects decides the choice of wellbeing. Priorities should be made in
accordance with the effects of the disease. They are to be more likely the value to the health and
social care sector and do positive decision making. Overall health can be improve, with the help
of different factor or priorities are as follows:
 Not smoking
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 Eating and healthy diet
 Moderating alcohol intake
 Practicing safer sex
 Managing stress
 To be safe on rode
I can agree with these priorities, which will help to solve any kind of problem.
3.2 Effectiveness of strategies, systems and policies for ensuring health and wellbeing
Health and well-being strategies influencing the public health and social care outcome
comes. This is help to improve level of healthy of each persons and improve overall development
in market sector. Commonwealth health fund is help to improve condition of healthy people in
UK. This is to be explain in much better way to, with the help of assorted example of different
disease. Some new strategies must be use as well as future conditions of overall development in
health care services in market share (Garrett and Bailey 2018). To be used instance of HIV, some
programs is help enforced to promote and better grouping to have safe sex and usage of
protections while having sex. These programs were proven very advantageous for the decrease in
STD transfer. On the other hand, some different kind of services is to be provide by government
to improve internal and external working environment. To be focus on safety factor, which is
most important in such kind of disease.
Social care services
Social care employment are those work that are supply by the social wellness care
systems. These go away assist the diligent as well as their carers respect the well-being issues.
Social care wellness involves furnish outfit, health care at away, and commercial enterprise
support to persevering etc. In this context, to be focus on some spacial care services is to be
provide different factors, which is beneficial for long term aspects as per the need of overall
development in health care (Mian and Collin-Vézina 2017). There are information is important
factor, that should be consider by social health care is to be provider and give more information
about how to overcome such disease. In this way, information is improved and more changes in
mental as well as physical activity.
Policies of care UK home
It is one of the most important effective health care and safety provider. They are to be
believe in working as per the rule and regulation is set according to law. They are to be care each
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and every patient in three working days and increase overall development in market share. One
of the best logical argument of this care location is the ailment policy that is also the accurate of
the persevering and the work receiver. Reported to this policy, the grouping or the customized
who are undated with the work can make a formal disorder to the administrative district and the
social control of the heath care installation will take action within 3 on the job 24-hour interval.
There are some different is to be made only for patient in UK. With the help of such right
to be improve overall development in health care sector.
Equality act, 2010
This act is to be provided the health care provider should be treat all patients is equal. On
the other hand, no discrimination of caste, language, colour etc. It is most important part for
improve level of patient trust on health care home services.
Complaints procedure:
It is found that the localized government of health care in UK are doing selfsame well in
encourage the healthful measures of antithetical diseases among people. This government get
together with each other for big projection so that they can concealment wider areas in less time.
Some federal agency that are on the job for child wellness care also saved to be employed jointly
for an individual goal these solar day (Seymour and Cassel 2017). The artefact of business
organization in governance is advantageous as it allows early consolidation of child wellness
care employment.
Complaints procedure
Advantages Disadvantages
Gather current customer feedback on various
aspects of your company. You can stay on top
of customer trends through regularly scheduled
online surveys or email surveys, and receive
instant customer feedback.
Customers are bombarded with online surveys.
Surveys may be simple to complete, however,
some people simply don’t like to complete
them. Sending surveys too often can irritate
customers and lead to customer burnout.
Organisational service provision- This is the strategy that leading service and support
operations set their strategic goals, improve operational efficiency and drive world class levels of
performance, while improving the heath of patients.
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Complaint policies- The policy informs all Quality Health Care (QHC) staff of the client’s right
to complain and the mechanisms in place to listen to and address raised concerns. The policy
outlines required preventative and responsive actions in relation to client dissatisfaction and
complaint.
Involvement of friend and family- In heath care, it is very important to have involvement of
family members so that patient feel fresh and motivated. Family and friends both have
impressive and effective growth in patient health as love and kindness heal lots of pain.
3.3 Discuss the changes
The health care sector is doing great job in health and social care. Some changes are
made for improve current market carrying into action in overall health care market. On the other
hand, changes is one of the most important factor and help to improve customer demand in
market price. In addition, customer demand is assistance to improve level of new customer in
market place. With the help of strategies to improve health care services and increase future
conditions is market share.
The plan of action that have been made for the children well-being care intention should
be such that improve progenitor about the easiness that can affect their youngster. Parents should
be supply with the message regarding the cause and consequence of the easiness. They condition
to know about the preventative measures and remedy so that it will be casual for them to treat
their kid at the time of ill health (Ford and Doherty 2018). Some changes are made with the help
of improve overall development in market share.
There are some changes is made in UK care home are as follows:
They are some changes in internal as well as external factor of care home to be provided in
market share. UK care home is set the policies as per the need of internal environment. As the
service render are furnished a resident like care and standard atmosphere in their care location,
engagement of family associate can be more advantageous to treat the diligent in such case. The
household member can tell the carer about the habits and the type of nutrient that necessarily be
supply to the persevering.
 Heath education- It is very important to provide health education to people living in
London. So, that they can prevent themselves from infecting disease.
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 Health education is a type of education designed for individuals or the public at large to
gain the knowledge, skills, value, and attitudes necessary to promote, maintain, improve,
and restore their, or another person's, health.
 Health promotion is any planned combination of educational, political, environmental,
regulatory, or organizational mechanisms that support actions and conditions of living
conducive to the health of individuals, groups, and communities.
 Physical exercise and games- In order to improve the health and well-being of people, it
is very important to provide them knowledge as well as advantage and disadvantages of
exercise and games. Exercise and games keep human always fit.
3.4 Evaluate activity
Behaviour modification in good habit is incorporating in his lifestyle. On other hand,
physical exercise is one of the good habit that can be predict to solve any problem in work place.
In this context, to be focus on some activities which is help to improve overall development in
market share. This is guide and learn about new things of particular disease and solution is also
provided.
Breast cancer screening programme
Breast screening aim to find out the breast cancer only. It uses an X-ray test named a
mammogram that can point cancers when they're too little to see or feel. In addition, getting
breast cancer increased at the age of 50 to 70. Breast cancer symptoms such as a lump or sphere
of thickened tissue in a breast, or notice that breasts look or feel assorted from what's normal for
you, don't wait to be offered screening (Brownson and Gillespie 2017). It is offered, because of
unnecessary regular test and check-up. The outcome of the X-ray will be sent to you and your
GP no later than 2 after name.
Breast cancer screening
Advantages Disadvantages
BSE examination benefits females as they can
inform their clinician or healthcare provider of
any change in colour of skin, nipple discharge,
recent nipple inversion, skin dimpling, any
lump and swelling of a part of the breast in
Once, BSE was promoted to discover breast
cancers in women, but in several controlled
studies it has been declared that the efficacy of
BSE as a breast cancer screening tool is not
convincing. On the other hand, BSE could not
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timely manner. help to reduce breast cancer mortality
CONCLUSION
It can be concluded that epidemiology is a very important part of medical science that
identify the distribution, cause and prevention of disability. This report will determine role and
responsibilities of various agencies for finding the level of diseases and health in social
community. As per the above report is focus on Food Borne diseases is spread in all around the
world in United Kingdom. It is common diseases and most of the peoples are suffered from these
diseases in UK. Form the above report is focus on sexual health plays a vital role in the life span
of an individual. It is very important for people to know about the importance of sexual health
and understand the cause and effects to Sexually transmitted disease.
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REFERENCES
Books and journals
Morris, A.S., Robinson, L.R., Hays‐Grudo, J., Claussen, A.H., Hartwig, S.A. and Treat, A.E.,
2017. Targeting parenting in early childhood: a public health approach to improve
outcomes for children living in poverty. Child development, 88(2), pp.388-397.
Garrett, G.S. and Bailey, L.B., 2018. A public health approach for preventing neural tube defects:
folic acid fortification and beyond. Annals of the New York Academy of
Sciences, 1414(1), pp.47-58.\
Seymour, J. and Cassel, B., 2017. Palliative care in the USA and England: a critical analysis of
meaning and implementation towards a public health approach. Mortality, 22(4), pp.275-
290.
Ford, N., Meintjes, G., Calmy, A., Bygrave, H., Migone, C., Vitoria, M., Penazzato, M., Vojnov,
L. and Doherty, M., 2018. Managing Advanced HIV Disease in a Public Health
Approach. Clinical Infectious Diseases, 66(suppl_2), pp.S106-SS110.
Brownson, R.C., Baker, E.A., Deshpande, A.D. and Gillespie, K.N., 2017. Evidence-based
public health. Oxford University Press.
Yip, P.S., Cheng, Q., Chang, S.S., Lee, E.S.T., Lai, C.S.C., Chen, F., Law, Y.W.F., Cheng, T.M.,
Chiu, S.M., Tse, Y.L. and Cheung, K.W.R., 2017. A public health approach in
responding to the spread of helium suicide in Hong Kong: A case report. Crisis: The
Journal of Crisis Intervention and Suicide Prevention, 38(4), p.269.
Hemenway, D., 2017, February. Research and the Public Health Approach to Reducing Firearm
Violence. In 2017 AAAS Annual Meeting (February 16-20, 2017). aaas.
Cutcliffe, J.R., Wylie, L., Links, P. and Santos, J.C., 2017. Adopting An Ecological Public
Health Approach to Suicide Prevention-the Cases of Turkey and Canada: Why Can’t We
Get There?. Journal of Psychiatric Nursing, 8(3), pp.172-178.
Mian, M. and Collin-Vézina, D., 2017. Adopting a public health approach to addressing child
sexual abuse and exploitation. Child abuse and neglect, 66, pp.152-154.
Online:
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(Source: Estimated cases and measurement, 2017) [Online]. Available through:
<http://seofiles.s3.amazonaws.com/seo/media/uploads/2017/02/27/estimated-cases-and-deaths-
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(Source: Estimated Deaths and measurement, 2017) [Online]. Available through:
<http://seofiles.s3.amazonaws.com/seo/media/uploads/2017/02/27/main-causes-of-
fbd.PNG>
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