Health Disparities and Disease Trends

This assignment delves into the complex issue of health disparities and their influence on individual and societal well-being. It examines the increasing prevalence of diseases like HIV, STI, and AIDS, highlighting the factors contributing to these trends within society. The analysis emphasizes the connection between mental tension, lifestyle choices, and the overall impact of these health challenges. The assignment also references various sources, including books, journals, and online resources, to support its arguments and provide a comprehensive understanding of the topic.

Public Health

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................1
TASK 1............................................................................................................................................1
1.1 Various agencies in identifying levels of health and disease in communities.................1
1.2 Epidemiology of one infectious and non-infectious disease............................................2
1.3 Effectiveness of different strategies and approaches to control incidence of disease......3
TASK 2............................................................................................................................................4
2.1 Current priorities and approaches to provision services for sick people..........................4
2.2 Description of relationship between prevalence of illness and service requirements......5
2.3 Consequence of existing choices of lifestyle on future needs for health band social care
services...................................................................................................................................6
TASK 3............................................................................................................................................6
Covered in PPT.......................................................................................................................6
CONCLUSION................................................................................................................................6
REFERENCES................................................................................................................................8

INTRODUCTION
Public health define that art and study of reduction measure of diseases, encourage the
safety and well-being improvement in surviving and with qualified selection and properly
coordinate hard work of status, culture, community, society and people of the country. The
public health practices has been enhancing in England so people of various country facing issues
such as HIV, STI etc. In this society, there are various agencies which has been monitor and
supervise the different issues that are totally related to health and social care working (Achan and
et. al., 2011). This project is based on NHS which is National health care organisation and it is
located in united kingdom for proving services or facilities to the needy people in each and every
country. This report is assess with various strategies and approaches for control, measure and
monitor the disease incidence in societies along with identify implication of diseases in
communities for health and social care service provision. This can be developing and evaluating
an individual priorities of safety and health in care setting.
TASK 1
1.1 Various agencies in identifying levels of health and disease in communities
Health issues are necessarily determined with their exact cause and take appropriate
actions for curation in society to improve well being of citizens of country. Different kind of
health organisations are working on local, regional and international level to identify problems
by several researches and work on them to reduce these troubles. Some of these companies
working in this filed along with their roles and responsibilities are given below:
At global level:- An organisation named World Health Organisation, abbreviated in form
of WHO is working throughout the world to identify various infectious and non-infectious
issues. After that they determine appropriate solutions and precautions for it (Cromley and
McLafferty, 2011). Their role to maintain well being of people living all over the world by
providing information take proper precautions to avoid various dangerous diseases spreading out.
Different duties fulfilled by WHO for welfare of people. In current scenario, it is concentrated on
very critical health issues called HIV/AIDS, malaria and tuberculosis. It is very active to deal
with certain communicable diseases like diabetes, heart problems and cancer which is rapidly
arising individuals. This organisation is focussed on sexual, development, ageing, nutrition,
occupational health, substance abuse and reproductive well being.
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At national level:- It include several health organisations that working in particular
country and provide accurate steps to improve health of society. For example, NHS is working
basically in England to evaluate several health troubles to make nation well being. It is kind of of
special authority which has role to render accurate guidance to other health care companies to
provide correct products and services (Dawson, 2011). There are various duties which are
completed by National health services of England to improve well being of citizens. Their
special purpose is to apply national health scheme in country so that they can make people fit in
every aspect. They have to evaluate strategies and policies of different firms running within
England must render appropriate treatment by well qualifies Professionals.
At local level:- There are several small organisations are running at local level and
controlled by state government and district authorities to focus on health care of people of
particular area. Such agencies are generally affiliated with large organisations and work with
them to enhance capabilities of human body of citizens. They have done certain tasks like
establishing well being system improvement programs, applying sector led increasing approach
and many more to avoid drug abuse, sexual diseases etc.
1.2 Epidemiology of one infectious and non-infectious disease
There are different types of disease in which some them are infectious and others are
non-infectious having their dissimilar harmful impacts on human body. It is important to
determine several diseases along with their to sort out them in proper manner to gain accurate
curation from them. Various health issues has critical affects on human body which harms it very
deeply. Sometimes a person will die if appropriate and immediate treatment will not provided
(Happell, Platania‐Phung and Scott, 2011).
Epidemiology:- This term epidemiology can be defined as to study various cause of
specific health problem along with every scientific detail about it so that proper diagnosis can be
done by well experienced professionals. Several elements that are connected with particular
disease should be considered to be studied.
Infectious disease:- It includes those problems which are easily spreadable from one
person to another such as HIV/AIDS. This infection is not usually infect others by only spread
by few modes like by sexual inter coarse. Mother to foetus, infected blood transfusions or from
infected syringes. Human Immuno deficiency Virus is responsible for this health trouble which is
only get controlled by medicines in initial stage of it (Hatzenbuehler, Phelan and Link, 2013).
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But crucial fact is that, it is not curable issue. In United Kingdom, it is observed that problems
are faced in MSM(Men Sex Men) cases in such way, 1 person is infected from HIV in every
Group of 8 people of MSM. Government of country have to take appropriate actions to reduce
this issues from the country.
Non-infectious disease:- These problems are not generally spread by one person to
another but in some cases it is transmitted by heredity and evolution. It means genetic diseases
otherwise people acquired this from their bad habits like smoking, alcohol etc. For example,
Cancer which is founded in different forms in infected individuals. It means that many of
tumours are generated in single organ because of rapid multiplication of cells in human body. In
case of United Kingdom, there are various kind of cancer cases are observed in different forms.
Some people has habit of drinking alcohol and do smoke or tobacco on regular basis will face
several diseases like cancer. Tobacco chewing habits usually results into mouth cancer.
1.3 Effectiveness of different strategies and approaches to control incidence of disease
There are different kind of health issues which are required to sort out. Various health
organisations are trying to focus on symptoms of such issues and provide information about them
to public so that they become able to take appropriate actions to avoid these dangerous diseases.
Number of strategies and approaches are there that are implemented by health companies to
make citizens well being. Some of these approaches are as follows:
Immunisation:- Every human body has an immune system which have such ability to
resist from several diseases and avoid them easily. There are various vaccinations facilities
which should be rendered to people so that many of infectious can be debarred (Rosen, 2015).
Improving immunity of body is beneficial as it helps to avoid several critical health issues
properly and facilitate comfortable life. It includes certain vaccinations like HIV, HPV, tetanus
etc. which creates a resistance power towards these diseases.
Education and social welfare programs:- This term refers about to render accurate
knowledge about several dangerous diseases through which people get aware to take precautions.
Proper educations must be provided to public about sexual and reproductive organs to reduce
STIs (sexually transmitted infections). Education is more important about several dangerous
diseases so that people can take an appropriate persecutions to avoid many deadly health issues
like STIs including AIDS, genital herpes, gonorrhoea, chlamydia, scabies etc.
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Screening:- This term includes strategies under which pre testing of problems should be
done without observing any symptoms. For example, regular check ups are generally done so
that crucial issues may determined at initial stage and curation will be attained in correct manner
(Ross and et. al., 2011). Medical professionals have to advice people to undergone through
regular check up which helps to determine certain heal issues at initial stages when it is easy to
gain cure from several dangerous diseases. It includes problem like AIDS for which there is no
cure but only a person can prevent it's negative impacts through medicines at initial stage and
spend their life.
Surveillance:- It is kind of technique to identify forthcoming health problems by
conducting various researches by changing scenarios of society and habits of people that they
adopted. This is done through several campaigns and events to organise for determining wellness
issues. An effective research can identify various deadly and infectious diseases which facilitate
to conduct vaccination of people before spread of this problem takes place.
TASK 2
2.1 Current priorities and approaches to provision services for sick people
The existence of prolonged illness which are corrected for enabling and bring out free
lifestyle diseases. Such sickness eversion like cancer, HIV, STI, obesity etc. It has threaten an
individual lifestyle in England in drastic manner (Barer, 2017). Thus, this has extremely
paramount these illness and make sure that company can manage and maintain all health issues
and problems which occurs in internationally.
There are mainly two types of illness that needs to be recognised and it directly impact on
status and level of health care within country population. In this, some steps and approaches
which can employed for protecting from diseases are as described:
 Primary prevention- This is one of the most important approach that includes educational
programmes and initiating towards public welfare which ensure the possibilities and
probability. For example, chronic illness has been alleviated. Along with this, healthy
food items can take physical practices for make sure that increasing chances of such
diseases.
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 Secondary prevention- This is steps which has been undertaken the sickness and illness
recognised by different activities and functional practices for improving an individual
diseases that can be limited.
 Tertiary prevention- This is the last approaches which can be implied some activities or
functions are mainly focus on sickness to an individual body (Berkman, Kawachi and
Glymour, 2014). A person is offering and serving with excessive care for protecting the
disorderliness from gathering at modern stage of illness.
2.2 Description of relationship between prevalence of illness and service requirements
Quality prevalence of entire previous situation or accident by doing some time of events.
This can be determined by reducing the whole incurred number that is scale in health meter of
country with some time space which has been occur for indicating people conception. For giving
support to service people, it is one of the most paramount which assist in designing and
preparing the required facilities in better manner.
Along with this event affect the measurement, it is necessary for analysing effective
suitability for measure the disease which directly impact on people for reaching the desired
achievement. Information and data are relived for compiling the frequency of facts and figures.
For example, if services can be designed are alike with health and public social care according to
their need to identifying the various number of services which is necessary for take care of all
suffering people (Braveman and et al., 2011). The case can be incurred for any incidental, so the
strategies is beneficial for measuring care values in proper manner. With the help of this, data
and information can be evaluated with generality, various factors can be recognised that can be
perceived for gaining attention of large number of customers.
Prevalence refers to ratio of those people who are suffering from particular diseases in
specific group of population. For example, according to research, it is analysed that problem of
HIV/AIDS is observed in MSM(Men Sex Men) cases in that manner, 1 person is infected from
HIV in every Group of 8 people of MSM. Similarly, other diseases has also some of promotion
according to which government agencies or health organisations have to take required steps to
reduce problem of spreading infectious diseases properly.
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2.3 Consequence of existing choices of lifestyle on future needs for health band social care
services
There are different trends which is leading towards the individual and mature people of
society in complex and darker structure. Such habit of a single person has not only misleading
them but it is mainly affected to their health issues. There are some of the main problems which
can known in current time period:
 The major issue will faced by new youngsters is enhancing smoking activities and
actions. It can help in leading towards women, children and adult people for making
increment and enhancement.
 The rise in alcohol consumption level is one of the major menace which society has been
struggling with the leading people such as anxiety, migraine and other related physical
harm.
 Obesity of united kingdom people will origination with consumption of fast food and
unhealthy diet which harm their intellectual and physical level.
These are such activities which are leading towards different issue like heart attacks,
kidney failure leading to the STI, HIV and major other problems (Cromley and McLafferty,
2011). This state has been conducted different policies and some online anti-smoker program for
reducing the patient which are related to these issues or problems. Along with this, most of the
firms are manufacturing cigarette with 0% nicotine that does not trouble the oxygen and maintain
blood variations.
For reducing the consumption of alcohol, NHS has operating various campaigns and
programmes for treatment such as pharmacies cure, health check up, self controlling etc. this is
reduces the health issues or problems.
TASK 3
3.1 Health and well-being priorities for an individual
The health care refers as that condition where a person feel much better and make
comfortable in their external environment, while an individual is healthier, happier and satiate in
their existing surroundings. So well-being can be included as physical, social, economical and
environmental factors which are related with their health and social care. There are various
people who are face some issues and problems which directly or indirectly impact on their
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choices. As a individual, I need to manage and take care of people health and try to eliminate all
major issues or barriers.
My patient who are suffer from disorder of stress and tension so he need to be happier
and contact with their social group members. This is necessary thing with his mental tension and
that is the main reason behind cause of bad affect on life experiences. Also solving various issues
and problems, it is required for the society is to help their person. This can be given support in
the form of social and emotional with their family, friends and other people who are connected
with him.
3.2 Effectiveness of strategies, systems and policies in health and social care setting
An individual has been used for defining different structure of policies and strategies for
safe and healthier surroundings and also emerge their habits. So I can help in achieving with
their accurate outcome that are described as under:
 It can help in reaching with more customers or patients that are connected with NHS who
have made it hygiene and clear in any manner.
 This will assist in enlarging the employees credibility in regard of firm which can lead
towards talented and skilled people.
 If such working area is more effective, so it will help in making more appropriate
positioning that assist in developing their international identity.
Therefore all the major activities should be maintained for developing and creating in
positive manner and analyse their organisation behaviour, system, policies, strategies activities
require to be conducted for motivating and encouraging employees for maximising their growth
level. For managing proper strategies, policies, system activities has been implemented for
motivating the person behaviour changes for increasing health in individual-ship for maintaining
such effective process that can be executed in well defined manner.
3.3 Changes that can be made for improving health and well-being for an individual
There are various number of alteration and modification which need to be maintained in
healthier and safe lifestyle in better manner. The major changes which are required in these
alterations such as attribution and attitude , behaviour has been changed. It is necessary for me is
to make and implement those strategies which are best appropriate for their culture as well as
their employees.
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Also this will assist in reaching with desired goals and targets of an organisation in proper
manner. Parents should be educated and qualified regarding accurate information of diseases for
protecting from sickness to their patients. This is necessary for understanding about major
prevention measures and cures which has become more convenient for them while taken
treatment of their children for long time period. There are large number of care homes in united
kingdom which has complaint policy which recipients services or facilities can report a
complaint in the case of unsatisfied customers. If patient suffer from any disease but care home
does not properly taking care of them then this will remove all trust and loyalty in proper
manner. It can help in care services which can understand about different elements and amended
practices in effective manner which assist in feeling better for their patients. Changes is required
so the authorities need to amend policies and strategies in order for creating more awareness and
disseminate for data and information that are related to these in order for reducing the level of
suffering people. The overall concept and approach can help in making better and safe level of
life of each and every type of person who live in this country in better way.
As a individual, I should have better and effective diet for daily routine that can assist me
for deal with suffering person to maintaining and controlling their health in good manner. On the
other hand, if another people are getting tempted from these activities then it will became more
suitable and powerful. Training and medication can assist in reducing the amount of tension or
stress which lead towards an individual health.
3.4 Implemented activities to motivating changing behaviour for maximising health for an
individual
In this society or community, there should be analysed and observed the enhancing in the
illness cases such as HIV, STI, AIDS and some other. It will formulating and developing human
behaviour which can supply England and all their people maintain growth and health of an
individual while using effective strategies and policies in proper manner. This can also help me
in making or creating more positive and negative environment and make impressive employees
and employer associations.
Therefore, overall mentioned exercises and practices that can enabling health care
abilities for executing in wide range of segment. For developing effective and efficient social and
health care, it is necessary for implementing common activities and functions within specific
country for enhancing or increasing their standard health and safe care.
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All the major activities which enable for compete with top level care of health of an
individual in the context of organisation. For managing or controlling in effective manner, health
and social care is required for comply common steps and actions within an enterprise on
individual life. For focused on various issues and also help in giving limited medical services or
facilities, work as per their guidelines and protecting cause disease and it can available in
performing better health and safety.
CONCLUSION
From the above described report it can be concluded that Public health define that art and
study of reduction measure of diseases, encourage the safety and well-being improvement in
surviving and with qualified selection and properly coordinate hard work of status, culture,
community, society and people of the country. The existence of prolonged illness which are
corrected for enabling and bring out free lifestyle diseases. Quality prevalence of entire previous
situation or accident by doing some time of events. There are different trends which is leading
towards the individual and mature people of society in complex and darker structure. This is
necessary thing with his mental tension and that is the main reason behind cause of bad affect on
life experiences. There are various number of alteration and modification which need to be
maintained in healthier and safe lifestyle in better manner. In this society or community, there
should be analysed and observed the enhancing in the illness cases such as HIV, STI, AIDS and
some other.
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REFERENCES
Books and journals
Achan, J. and et. al., 2011. Quinine, an old anti-malarial drug in a modern world: role in the
treatment of malaria. Malaria journal. 10(1). p.144.
Barer, M. ed., 2017. Why are some people healthy and others not?. Routledge.
Berkman, L. F., Kawachi, I. and Glymour, M. M. eds., 2014. Social epidemiology. Oxford
University Press.
Braveman, P.A. and et al., 2011. Health disparities and health equity: the issue is justice.
American journal of public health. 101(S1). pp.S149-S155.
Cromley, E. K. and McLafferty, S. L., 2011. GIS and public health. Guilford Press.
Dawson, A., 2011. Public health ethics. Blackwell Publishing Ltd.
Happell, B., Platania‐Phung, C. and Scott, D., 2011. Placing physical activity in mental health
care: A leadership role for mental health nurses. International Journal of Mental Health
Nursing. 20(5). pp.310-318.
Hatzenbuehler, M. L., Phelan, J. C. and Link, B. G., 2013. Stigma as a fundamental cause of
population health inequalities. American journal of public health. 103(5). pp.813-821.
Rosen, G., 2015. A history of public health. JHU Press.
Ross, A. C. and et. al., 2011. The 2011 report on dietary reference intakes for calcium and
vitamin D from the Institute of Medicine: what clinicians need to know. The Journal of
Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism. 96(1). pp.53-58.
Online
HIV AND AIDS IN EAST AND SOUTHERN AFRICA REGIONAL OVERVIEW. 2017. [Online].
Available through:<https://www.avert.org/professionals/hiv-around-world/sub-saharan-
africa/overview>.
Non-communicable diseases. 2017. [Online]. Available
through:<https://www.kingsfund.org.uk/projects/time-think-differently/trends-disease-
and-disability-non-communicable-diseases>.
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