Designing a PV System with Battery as Energy Storage Device

Designing a PV system with battery as energy storage device1
DESIGNING OF PV SYSTEM WITH BATTERIES AS THE ENERGY STORAGE IN
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Designing a PV system with battery as energy storage device2
ABSTRACT
This report gives an experience with the photovoltaic hybrid system as the better option to the
other forms of energy. This kind of system has been designed to curb the resent climate problems
and also ensuring the reliability of the energy supply without interferences. The designing of the
system also helps in the improvement of the efficiency of the system since it has been integrated
to the battery banks. This system has been designed to help in improving the simplicity thus
simulation tool that is conventional was used to in the representation of the data. The system of
5kW comprises of the PV solar panels of about 15-20 panels, battery worth 21.6 kWh and a
generator worth 6.8kWh.This report indicates the flow of the energy through the system, the PV
charge controller losses, the round strip of the battery and finally indicating how the capital cost
of the solar system is much higher than the use of the generators (Burton, 2011)

Designing a PV system with battery as energy storage device3
Contents
ABSTRACT................................................................................................................................................2
INTRODUCTION.......................................................................................................................................4
MODELS OF THE ENERGY.................................................................................................................4
Development of a model for the components of the energy system.....................................................5
METHODOLOGY......................................................................................................................................7
MATHEMATICAL COST OF THE MODEL........................................................................................8
COMPARISON OF THE COST OF THE CONNECTION OF THE GRID WITH THE SOLAR
SYSTEM.................................................................................................................................................8
The annual cost of the components......................................................................................................8
The annualized cost of replacement.....................................................................................................8
Annualized Operating Cost..................................................................................................................9
Emission cost.....................................................................................................................................10
Life cycle costing....................................................................................................................................11
Grid connection.....................................................................................................................................12
Sizing of the grid connected PV system................................................................................................12
TYPICAL POWER OUTPUT OF 4KW SOLAR SYSTEM.................................................................13
HOW THE COMPUTER SIMULATION WAS DESCRIBED................................................................14
DESCRIPTION OF THE SYSTEM..........................................................................................................14
Hybrid connection and other power sources..........................................................................................14
COST OF COMPONENTS AND THE LABOR...................................................................................14
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION................................................................................................................16
RESULT................................................................................................................................................16
The energy demand...........................................................................................................................17
DISCUSION..........................................................................................................................................18
CONCLUSION.........................................................................................................................................20
REFERENCES..........................................................................................................................................21

Designing a PV system with battery as energy storage device4
INTRODUCTION
MODELS OF THE ENERGY
In order to avoid the outage and to ensure the quality and the reliability of the energy supply, the
energy models depend on the economic feasibly and the proper sizing of the components. To
achieve the environmentally friendly, efficiency, reliable, accost effective and cheap supply of
the energy, the design of the energy system takes into account the selection of the components.
These components are therefore the determinant of the cheapest cost of the energy that is
required. Hence the component selection, sizing, and appropriate operation are key in the
designing of the PV system. Upon the choice of the parameters of the interest, individual systems
can be made in different ways when dealing with energy systems. Under certain condition
energy models can be used in the development of the energy strategies and the future structure of
the system (Boyle, 2014).
This, therefore, gives the evolution of the structures, policies and the technological path that
should be followed. The output of the energy is basically enough for use in the house in cases
where the electricity grid that exists is unadvisable financially. For the load demand to be
satisfied the sizing method is required. The battery for storage and the economy of the
components are also required. There have been several developments in the operation of the
strategies to help in the sizing and simulation. The load probability is what estimates the
performance of the PV system (Markvart, 2016).

Designing a PV system with battery as energy storage device5
Whoever, where the required weather data are available like the irrigation, temperature, humidity
and clearness index, the conventional method is to be used for the sizing of the PV system.
Therefore a good solution is provided by this method to help in the sizing of the PV system in
this particular area especially when the required data is not available. But for the operation of
these methods there has to be long-term metrological data research that indicates the nature of
the air temperature and the solar radiation in this particular area, Hence this method cannot be
used if the there is no proper metrological data research(Zhou,2010).
This method can also be used to determine the amount of the solar panels that can be used in the
operation and the tampon of the batteries that can also be used in the configuration. This method
has also been used to meet the reliability of the power and also to lower the cost of the energy
that is used at a given time. This model targets the development of the system with a component
that is cheaper giving low value on the cost of the energy. The method can also be used in the
determination of the number of the solar panel that can be used in the operation of this system
and the battery configuration that aids in the storage of the power (Cammarano, 2012).
Development of a model for the components of the energy system.
The essential step in this phase of the component sizing is the modeling. There various studies
that have been used in the development of the PV system model. For this PV system, there is two
various principles that is to be considered, they include, PV generators and the battery for the
storage. The method for modeling is described below as follows;
I. With the availability of the solar radiation, the calculation of the hourly radiated energy
can be done by the following expression.

Designing a PV system with battery as energy storage device6
This expression gives the modeling of the solar photovoltaic generator.
II. Converter modeling; rectifier and inverter are the major components of the converter.
There is a connection of the DC bus with the PV generators and the battery storage. The
ac bus is connected to the diesel generators and the AC loads are the electric loads that
are connected in this scheme.AC power is transformed to charge the battery by the
rectifier as the load is being powered by the diesel-electric generators. The model of the
rectifier is given below.
At any time t,
And the equation below shows the model of the inverter for the photovoltaic generators as a
battery bank (Chedid, 2012)
III. Model of the charge controller; the charge controller has majorly used sensing when the
battery is fully charged. This helps in the reduction of the overcharging of the battery thus
preventing the energy flow from the source to the battery. The equation of the model of
the charge controller is given below as;