Psychology and Work

This report explores the psychology of work and its impact on employee motivation and performance. It discusses the need for more promotion opportunities, training and development, effective teamwork, and employee motivation. The report recommends the application of psychological theories such as Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs and Hertzberg's Two-Factor Theory to address these issues. The case study focuses on Etha Ltd, a UK-based company.

Psychology and Work

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................1
TASK...............................................................................................................................................1
There should be more promotion opportunities for staff within the company...........................1
I would like more training and development opportunities........................................................2
Teams do not always work together well in this company.........................................................4
Sometimes I do not feel motivated in my work..........................................................................5
CONCLUSION................................................................................................................................6
REFERENCES................................................................................................................................7

INTRODUCTION
Psychology refers to state of mind that influence the performance and behaviour of an
individual. It includes the psychology at work which is a mind set of a person regarding their
work that impact on their regular performance. However, employees are required to remain
motivated and positive because it influence their performance properly (Conn, 2017). In context
of given report, it is based on Etha Ltd which is a UK based company started by Ethel and
Hercules Augustas. It design various useful and novelty products for schools, homes, work and
colleges fort selling their items at craft fairs initially. This assignment will focus on certain
problems related to employees motivation and performance to improve them. It will includes
application of psychological theories and models on work place for human resources
management including psychology to work.
TASK
There should be more promotion opportunities for staff within the company
Psychology of people at work place is responsible for their excellent or poor performance
due to which motivation strategies are required in an organisation. It includes the state of mind
and thoughts of an individual regarding their work and workplace. However, it has been analysed
that it is necessary to put efforts for understanding expectations and their needs that can be used
for improving their confidence and dedication towards work. In context of Etha Ltd, it has been
analysed that staff members have a problem related to limited promotional opportunities and
their needs such chances to achieve growth in their career. It is recommended for selected
organisation to utilise effective psychological theory in order to enhance promotional
opportunities for employees which is given below.
Maslow's Hierarchy of needs theory: This theory was primarily introduced by a great
psychologist Abraham Maslow in he year around 1943 as a theory of human motivation. It
includes five levels of needs such as physiological, safety, love or belonging, esteem and self
actualisation. Initially, physiological needs can be consider as survival factors including food,
water, shelter, breathing, sleep and clothing (Yang, Yu and Wu, 2018). However, safety needs
are related to health, property, family, employment and social stability. In addition to this,
requirements relevant to love & belongingness consist friendship, family, intimacy and sense of
connection with people that are expected by an individual. Meanwhile, self esteem needs
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involves confidence, achievements, respect of others and the need to be a unique individual.
Moreover, self actualisation includes morality, creativity, spontaneity, acceptance, experience
purpose, meaning and inner potential.
It has been recommended that, Etha Ltd can apply the Maslow theory in order to
understand actual needs of employees. It is helpful to establish more effective as well as efficient
strategies in order to enhance promotional opportunities for people. However, these promotional
strategies are helpful to solve the issues of employees and motivate them to boost up their
performance as well (Grünbaum and Mortensen, 2018). It is observed that every person requires
more secure and stable life for which they put efforts to achieve growth in their professional
career. The given organisation should understand needs of staff members at different levels like
physiological, love & belongingness, security, self esteem and self actualisation. These factors
are favourable to make appropriate promotional as well as motivational policies which are
beneficial for employees and organisation.
It is suggested to Etha Ltd to focus on analysis of various kinds of employees
requirements and put efforts to fulfil them. It includes the criterion of establishing policies and
compensatory strategies which encourage people to enhance their skills as well as performance
on daily basis. Meanwhile, it consist the benefits to improve skills and abilities of staff members
which is favourable for organisational growth and future achievements of people. Moreover, it is
necessary to make an appropriate promotional strategies including benefits like extra working to
increase chances of gaining promotions and other benefits like incentives or certificates.
Additionally, it is significant for Etha Ltd to motivate and satisfy their employees for increase
productivity along with retailing people in company.
I would like more training and development opportunities
The training and development is an important part of every organisation because it is
necessary to enhance entire organisational capability to achieve set targets respectively. It is
essential for companies to organise more effective as well as training and learning programs for
enhance abilities of staff which is beneficial for business (Tandoc and Ferrucci, 2017). However,
it has been analysed that advanced technological systems and other machines are planted or
enhancing the quality and effective of manufactured products. It will provide support to satisfy
actual needs and demands of customers which is responsible for increase profitability and
goodwill of brand in market. In context Etha Ltd, it has been recommended that they should
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utilise appropriate psychology theory to evaluate training needs of employees for conducting
better learning seminars to enhance confidence of people to perform. Suitable psychological
theory is suggested below.
Hertzberg’s two factor theory: This theory was developed by a great psychologist
named Frederick Herzberg during around 1950s. It includes two factors such as motivator and
hygiene factors which should focussed by management of organisation to enhance employees
satisfaction in regards to to increase overall productivity of company. Meanwhile, motivator
elements simply means factors that must be present at work for achieving staff satisfaction
including enjoying work, feeling, recognised and career progression opportunities (Burstow,
2018). Moreover, hygiene factors can be consider as negative component which can leads to
condition of dissatisfied employees and lack of motivation among them.
Considering effectiveness of Hertzberg’s two factor theory, it has been recommended that
Etha Ltd to implement this psychological theory in terms of solving issues of limited training
opportunities. It includes the criterion of determining required factors like need of training
cessions on regular basis which helps to enhance employee skills and knowledge which make
their work easy as well as effective. However, it is beneficial to increase capabilities of
employees which is favourable to improve productivity and increase possibility of better future
opportunities for people to achieve growth and success (Antony Raj, Ashok and Murugappan,
2019). In addition to this, motivator factors helps to evaluate factors of motivation by providing a
kind of break to staff from work along with providing opportunity of learning something new. It
will leads to make employees more confident and satisfied at work placer which impact
positively on their relations and organisational behaviour. Moreover, it will helps to fulfil needs
of training of staff members so that they can perform in more effective way.
It is suggested to Etha Ltd for applying Hertzberg’s two factor theory because it is helpful
to analyse negative factors which may leads to dissatisfaction and lack of motivation of
employees in company. It is favourable to identify problematic elements in order to eliminate
them from work place to provide healthy working atmosphere for staff. Meanwhile, it is essential
to make an appropriate plan of action including various effective strategies which are efficient to
remove threats in organisation or make people dissatisfied in company. Moreover, Etha Ltd
should focus on such elements in regards to eliminate them which facilitate to conduct human
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resource management properly. Additionally, it is also suitable to understand employees issues
for solving them to boost up daily productivity of given institution respectively.
Teams do not always work together well in this company
Team work is required to be effective by proper coordination and cooperation in terms of
achieving better outcomes. The problem of teams in Etha Ltd as they are not working effectively
in every task is a major problem because team working is mostly prefer for major project.
However, it is necessary to understand the causes of ineffective team working in order to
eliminate them for gaining desired results of business projects. The management of organisation
is required to make effective policies for staff in to enhance cooperation between them which
impact positively on team work (Hamilton, 2019). In addition to this, the given organisation
should apply effective psychological theory in terms of analysing issues to solve them for
improving team work outcomes. It has been suggested to utilise Hertzberg’s two factor theory in
order to understand the problems of staff in performing tasks. It is helpful to organise effective
training session by analysing threats of work place for making people capable to utilise advanced
machines for performing well. Moreover, it is suitable to boost up skills of staff related to
communication, decision making, problems solving and time management.
Hertzberg’s two factor theory is recommended to Etha Ltd for boosting up employee
relation and coordination among them for perform in a team effectively. It is supportive to
evaluate the motivational factors to encourage them among staff and negative elements which
must be focussed to remove them accordingly. Meanwhile, it is favourable to understand the
criterion of negative components which are required to be removed for improving working
atmosphere (Çapuk and Yildirim, 2016). Hygiene factors refers to those of elements which are
responsible for leading to dissatisfaction of people in organisation. This theory suggests to
determine both positive and negative components to eliminate issues along with encouraging
better project outcomes.
It is suggested to use Hertzberg’s two factor theory in terms of evaluating lack of skills
like communication, decisions making, time management and problem solving. It is necessary to
understand need of organising training and developments sessions for making employees bale to
perform in a team effectively. However, it is very important to communicate each other within
the team which is suitable to establish better cooperation as well as coordination respectively.
Meanwhile, it is significant to make employees capable to solve problems and conduct number
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of tasks in project by proper time management. Moreover, it is also suitable to analyse
capabilities of staff according to which human resources management can be done appropriately.
On the other hand, the skills of communication, decision making and time management is
necessary for team members to gain better team outcomes. It include the criterion of analysing
and improving abilities of staff for enhancing their confidence and capability to complete tasks
more effectively. Moreover, it is significant to utilise Hertzberg’s two factor theory in order to
remove threats of team along with increasing benefits from positive factors available in
company.
Sometimes I do not feel motivated in my work
The employees working at Etha Ltd are going through situation at which they are feeling
demotivated that impacts on achievement of business goal and objectives. As they are the main
components of any organisation to work for betterment of results. The main reason for
demotivation to working force are inappropriate culture, lack of appraisal as per their
performance, job insecurity, rude behaviour of superiors, lack of staff involvement in decision
making and many more (Bennett, Marasi and Locklear, 2018). It is the responsibility of manager
to assist their employees and listen to their problems so that better solution could be provided.
The main motto of respective organisation is to increase their profit margin by satisfying their
employees and customers in effective and efficient manner.
From the Maslow's hierarchy need theory, respective organisation can motivate their
employees by providing them with basic needs, providing job security, involvement in decision
making, appraisal as per their performance and so on. The motivated employees are more
satisfied and focus on accomplishment of business goal and objectives, improve their efficiency
for maximum productivity and so on. These all activities of working force leads to enhance
business profits and productivity in appropriate manner. It is also important for respective
organisation to improve working culture of their firm as people from different parts of world
comes and work together who requires positive and good working environment to achieve end
goals (Stone, 2018).
It has been recommended that Maslow's hierarchy need theory is favourable to
understand the needs of people according to motivational policies can established in company. It
is more effective to apply motivational strategies based on their different needs which encourage
employees to work hard through enhancing their regular productivity. Meanwhile, it is suitable
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motivate staff and people will take it seriously in regards to fulfil their own requirements for
improving their performance. Moreover, these strategies are helpful to provide benefits to staff
as well as organisation by gaining better outcomes accordingly.
Therefore, respective organisation has to focus on their employees first and then other
activities as employees are the work performer of business. In lack of demotivation leads to
failure of business and high employees turnover which ultimately increases cost to business.
Thus, with help of respective theory, motivation can be provided to all working force by solving
their problems in an effective and efficient manner so that maximum gain and productivity can
be accomplished.
CONCLUSION
From the above report, it has been concluded that psychology of employees is responsible
for influencing their performance and organisational outcomes. It is necessary for management
to focus on motivational factors for encouraging people toward work in terms of completing
projects in proper manner. However, it includes problems of employees in given organisation
like lack of training session, limited promotional opportunities, ineffective team work and lack of
motivation at work place. Meanwhile, it is observed that company should focus on employee
issues and make efficient strategies in order to enhance their satisfaction level. Moreover, it is
necessary to identify satisfactory elements in terms of eliminate them for making working
environment healthy. Furthermore, Maslow and Hertzberg’s theory of psychology are helpful to
solve problems on given organisation.
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REFERENCES
Books and journals
Antony Raj, J.M., Ashok, J. and Murugappan, S., 2019. Testing Correlation between Satisfaction
of Work Related Basic Needs and Job Engagement: A Study among Teaching Staff of
Engineering Colleges in Erode. Indian Journal of Public Health Research &
Development, 10(3).
Bennett, R.J., Marasi, S. and Locklear, L., 2018. Workplace deviance. In Oxford Research
Encyclopedia of Business and Management.
Burstow, P., 2018. New ways of working and learning can grow resilient children’s social
workers. Recruitment and retention are key issues for employers in a sector where the
average career span is put at eight years. The Guardian.
Çapuk, S. and Yildirim, O., 2016. THE IMPACT OF PYSCHOLOGICAL EMPOWERMENT
AND JOB INVOLVEMENT ON OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH AND JOB SAFETY
IN AVIATON SECTOR. International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference:
SGEM: Surveying Geology & mining Ecology Management, 1, pp.1009-1014.
Conn, R., 2017. Rory Conn on One to One, Julia Bradbury on emotionally challenging work. 17
January 2017, BBC Radio 4.
Grünbaum, L. and Mortensen, K.V., 2018. Psychodynamic child and adolescent psychotherapy:
Theories and methods. Karnac.
Hamilton, R., 2019. Work-based learning in social work education: the challenges and
opportunities for the identities of work-based learners on university-based
programs. Social Work Education, 38(6), pp.766-778.
Stone, K.V., 2018. Knowledge at Work: Disputes over the Ownership of Human Capital in the
Changing Workplace.
Tandoc Jr, E.C. and Ferrucci, P.R., 2017. Giving in or giving up: What makes journalists use
audience feedback in their news work?. Computers in Human Behavior, 68, pp.149-156.
Yang, J., Yu, C.S. and Wu, J., 2018. Work values across generations in China. Chinese
Management Studies, 12(3), pp.486-505.
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