Quantum Computer Architectural Design

Running head: QUANTUM COMPUTER ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN
Quantum computer architectural design
Name of the Student
Name of the University
Author Note

1QUANTUM COMPUTER ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN
Abstract
Quantum Computing is making a great impact in the field of science and development in
today’s world. In this paper, a vivid description on the roles of the Quantum Computers has
been discussed. Quantum architecture is based upon the principle of the coherence of the
qubits and the computing is capable of acquiring crucial quantum information between the
quantum computers. The Quantum von Neumann architecture for trapped ions is discussed
here that uses memory multiplexing for full-scale quantum computation. The Quantum von
Neumann architecture for trapped ions in quantum computing has also been discussed in the
course of this assignment to highlight the importance of the trapped ions, as they are capable
of generating a high κ value. A description of the he Quantum 4004 has also been discussed.
It is based upon the classical Intel 4004 CPU. Conclusions from this report can be drawn as
Quantum computer will be able to shape the future of the technology despite being in its
initial stage of development.

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Table of Contents
Introduction................................................................................................................................3
Discussion..................................................................................................................................5
1. Quantum computer.............................................................................................................5
2. Quantum von Neumann architecture.................................................................................8
3. A quantum von Neumann architecture for trapped ion quantum computation................12
4. The Quantum 4004...........................................................................................................15
Summary..................................................................................................................................18
References................................................................................................................................21

3QUANTUM COMPUTER ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN
Introduction
From the early decades of the technological development, several equipment like that
of the transistors in the integrated circuits or the IC has expanded to almost a double in every
two year. There has been studies, which has discussed this type of an exponential growth, and
it aided in an exponential growth of the calculation power in the past (Beck, 2018). In the
early years of this century, the clock speeds of the integrated circuits grew exponentially also
but the problem with those clock speeds was that the clock speeds reached to the levels that
required cooling and the cooling of the clock speeds inherently limited the clock speeds
(DiVincenzo, 2000). To avoid this type of problem, there was necessity to maintain a steady
increase the in the exponential growth of the calculation power and that could only be
attained by decreasing the size of the transistors and incorporating multiple cores into the
integrated circuits (Van Meter, 2014). This decrease in the size of the transistors will make
them lead to a size of the atomic level which that is ultimate and from there, either one will
have to discover new techniques for computing the results or will have to be sufficed with the
lower increase in computation power over the time. This challenge regarding the speed of
computation is resolved with the help of Quantum Computation (Prince, 2014).
Quantum computation is the phenomenon of quantum mechanics that is attained
through the help of a series of computational techniques. Devices relying on these
computational techniques are known as the quantum computers. These computers are
different to that of the normal computers. The normal computers are not able to perform the
quantum functionalities and the algorithms, as they are composed of binary bits whereas the
quantum computers are composed of the quantum bits or qubits in simpler terms. These
qubits usually remain in the superposition of states (Yanofsky, Mannucci & Mannucci,
2008). An ideal quantum computer is generally known with the name of Quantum Turing

4QUANTUM COMPUTER ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN
Machine or (QTM). One of the major scientists in the field of quantum mechanics is Richard
Feynman. The concept of quantum computing is still at the early stages of development but
with relative efforts and technological developments, it is expected to bypass all the barriers
of computational activities in the field of quantum mechanics (Di Ventra, & Pershin, 2013).
Several valid experiments have been carried out in the past and are still being carried out to
get closer to the objectives of quantum computing. Along with the experiments several
theoretical researches are being carried on that is mostly being funded by the governments.
These quantum computers are mainly used for the specific purposes such as business, trade,
environmental and national security purposes.
On the basis of the computer architectures, about how the computer systems are to be
organized, designed and implemented are classified in the form of architectural style known
as the von Neumann architecture. This form of computer architecture has been derived from
the name of John Von Neumann who was the first person to enlist the requirements of the
electronic computer (Vlasov, 2000). His researches have a deep impact on the computer
systems of the present days. The computer systems that do not exhibit the same
characteristics as depicted by the computers architecture are known by following a non-Von
architecture.
The purpose of this assignment is to discuss the various aspects of the Quantum
computation based on the quantum architectural design. The areas related to the quantum
mechanics with the integration of the quantum mechanics has been discussed in this
assignment. A brief idea about the quantum computers have been discussed in this paper. The
von Neumann architecture has been outlined in this assignment along with the quantum von
Neumann architecture for a trapped ion quantum computation. The fourth section deals with
the idea of Quantum 4004. Ultimately, a summary of the whole assignment has also been
provided.

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Discussion
This section of the paper deals with the discussion of the quantum computers, the
quantum von-Neumann architecture, the quantum von-Neumann architecture for a trapped
ion quantum computation and the quantum 4004.
1. Quantum computer
A quantum computer can be described as a computer device that is based on the
structural configurations of the quantum mechanical system. One of the properties exhibited
by the quantum computers is the principle of superposition. They also depict their credibility
by solving relatively difficult tasks as compared to that of the classical computer devices. The
information stored in the quantum computers are in the form of two level mechanical systems
that are known by the name of quantum bits or qubits (Brandl, 2017). This qubits in relation
to the quantum mechanics are considered as the noise-induced de-coherence. Due to this
phenomenon of the qubits, the information storing capacity is limited. The Hilbert space
created by the isolation of the qubits are prone to that of the introduction of the error in the
computational activities through the quantum mechanical gate operations. The correction of
these errors should be done in order to avoid the further disputes in the quantum
computational activities (Imre & Balazs, 2013). These errors are known by the name of
Quantum Errors or QE and the techniques implemented to correct these errors are known as
the Quantum Error Correction or QEC mechanism. This mechanism is implemented in the
Quantum Computers as these helps in correcting the errors that generally creeps up due to de-
coherence and the multiple gate operations (Hirvensalo, 2013).
In computer science, the concept of the abstraction layers plays a huge part and can be
implanted in the quantum computers. The layers in quantum computing is generally of a total
of five in number. These layers are situated in the form of a stack that is one on top of the