Computers, Data and Programming | Solutions

Running head: COMPUTERS, DATA AND PROGRAMMING
Computers, Data and Programming
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COMPUTERS, DATA AND PROGRAMMING1
Table of Contents
Solution 1: Historical Overview of Computer System..............................................................2
Solution 2: Data Representation in Computers..........................................................................3
Solution 3: MARIE Assembly...................................................................................................4
Bibliography.............................................................................................................................12

COMPUTERS, DATA AND PROGRAMMING2
Solution 1: Historical Overview of Computer System
a. In stored program, idea of computer architecture can be tracking back to the
theoretical idea of universal Turing machine in the early 1936. Here, the instructions
and data, both are logically the equivalent and can be stored in the memory.
The von Neumann architecture computer system is a design model that stores
the instruction and program data in the same memory (Stratila & Zsidó , 2019). In
contrast to parallel architecture, it (von Neumann architecture computer system)
creates a general Turing machine along with a referential model specifying successive
activities.
It is occasionally used as a replacement for von Neumann architecture,
however the researcher reflects that it is generally unsuitable, to mention to electronic
stored-program digital processors as 'von Neumann machines (Ando & Haagerup,
2014). Von Neumann planned that a sequence be automatically keeping in binary-
number set-up in a memory device so that the processer as define by transitional
computational consequences could modify commands.
b. Moore’s Law:-
Moore's Law mentions to Moore's opinion that the transistors number on a
microchip pair each two years, though the computers cost is halved (Waldrop, 2016).
This law defines that the people can assume the processors capability and speed to

COMPUTERS, DATA AND PROGRAMMING3
rise every times. Another principle of Moore's Law declares that this progress is
exponential.
Moore's Law proposes that technologies and processors that run on processors,
and computing command all become faster, lesser and inexpensive with time, as
transistors on integrated circuits develop more effective.
There are several process has come to holds with the help of Moore’s law. The
ultimatum for battery-operated movable gadgets is growing day by day with lots of
applications counting wearable, phones, hearing aids, laptops etc. The elementary
necessities of any such claims are lower power consumption and less area. This laws
are using for portable devices. The power intemperance is vital because the power
delivered by the battery is unlimited (Mack, 2015). Moore’s Law defines those
transistors on a chip dual about every one to two years. The practical implication of
Moore’s law are always determine with respect to the transistor count and variable.
Solution 2: Data Representation in Computers
a. Signed magnitude is 0111 to 1111 (7 to (-7)
One’s complement 0111 to 1000 (7 to -7)
Two’s complement 0111 to 1001 (7 to -8) (Answer)
b. Let us assume that the x no bit is 3
Therefore, the word is 3-bit range then
Then the signed magnitude is 011 to 111 that (+3 to -3)
One’s complement is 011 to 100 that (+3 to -3)
Two’s complement is 011 to 101 that (+3 to -4)
c. Hexadecimal to binary