Question 1/36. Describe the three (3) key areas of phys

Question 1/36
Describe the three (3) key areas of physical/motor development.
The three key areas of physical/motor development include:
1. Fine motor development: Development of fine motor skills like movement
through hands, lips and tongue
2. Gross motor development: This implies development of motor skills like
ability to complete activities like walking, running and jumping
3. Physical development: Ability to grasp objects, hand-eye coordination and
engaging in activities like swimming and soccer.
Question 2/36
For each of the factors listed below and explain how they can impact a child’s physical
development. Indicate in the space provided which factor you are providing an answer for.
a) Maturation (readiness): It leads to increase in size of muscle, bones and fat and influences
motor skills of children
b) Heredity: It has an impact on physical traits like height and non-physical traits like
confidence level and openness.
c) Culture/family: It has an impact on children’s belief and behavior
d) Health and wellbeing: Health and well-being can improve ability to engage in regular physical
activity and get positive environmental exposure
e) Childhood obesity: It increases the risk of developing diabetes and heart disease at younger
age and has an impact on overall well-being and self-esteem (Sahoo et al. 2015)
f) Physical activity: It enhances motor skills and builds stronger muscles of children
g) Prenatal development: This development plays a role in promoting healthy weight and
cognitive development in children
h) Opportunity for practice: It will have an impact on physical development of infants and
toddlers
i) Emotional support: Emotional support can enhance self-regulation skills in children
Question 3/36
Read the scenarios below and answer the questions that follow. Indicate in the space provided
which question you are answering.

Scenario 1:
An educator, Mary, is trying to teach Rosie (2 years old) how to cut paper with some scissors.
Mary starts to get frustrated with Rosie as she is not able to ‘hold’ the scissors properly between
her fingers. Rosie cannot make the blades of the scissors open and close, so she can’t cut the
paper.
Scenario 2:
Indie (6 months old) is very small for her age, weighing less than a 3 month old. Her mother was
a heavy drug user throughout her pregnancy and gave birth to Indie prematurely.
a) Identify one (1) factor that may be impacting Rosie's physical ability to hold and cut with the
scissors.
b) Identify one (1) factor that may be impacting Indie’s physical development.
1a. Lack of fine motor skills might be affecting Rosie’s ability to hold the
scissors
1b. Maternal alcohol use is associated with poor physical development and birth weight issues
in Indie (Chen 2012).
Question 4/36
For each of the activities below, list two (2) motor skills you might observe in pre-school
children. Indicate in the space provided which skill you are providing an answer for.
a) Meals: Motor skills related to moving the mouth and moving the mouth while eating
b) Puzzles: Fine motor skills related to specialized movements while solving the puzzle
Question 5/36
In the space below, summaries the daily physical activity recommendations according to the
Department of Health for children aged from birth to five-years-old. You may like to refer to the
reading ‘Department of Health – Physical Activities Guidelines’ to assist you with this task.
The recommended physical activity for children between birth to five years are as
follows:
1. Infants till the age of 1 year should be encouraged to take part in supervised
floor based play
2. Toddlers and pre-schoolers should by physically active everyday for at least
three hours (Department of Health, 2018)

Question 6/36
Refer to National Quality Standard 2.1 ‘Each child’s health and physical activity is supported
and promoted’. List three (3) examples of how an educator can contribute to a child’s physical
health.
To support physical health, an educator can take the following steps:
1. Encourage children to punch and play with balloons
2. Arrange outdoor activities like walking and playing with balls in park
3. Promote active play such as running, kicking and throwing
Question 7/36
List five (5) experiences educators can plan and implement to support babies aged 0 - 12 months
with movement and play. You may like to refer to the reading ‘Raising children – Movement and
play for babies’ to assist you with this task.
Five movement and play experiences for babies aged 0-12 years include:
1. Encourage hand and body movement to music and sound
2. Move toys out of reach so that the baby tries to reach it
3. Provide spoons or other objects for babies to bang on pots
4. Encourage baby to move up to stand
5. Make tunnel chairs to help babies crawl
Question 8/36
List five (5) intentional teaching experiences educators can implement to support the physical
development of toddlers.
Five intentional teaching includes:
1. Provide different objects and material during play
2. Allow children to explore materials using sensory properties
3. Teach children perception of colors through different colour blocks
4. Support children to play with dough
5. Develop gross motor skills by filling and emptying buckets

Question 9/36
List three (3) examples of outdoor experiences or resources an education and care service could
provide to allow children to explore and experience the natural environment.
Three outdoor resources includes:
1. Balls
2. Jumping rope
3. Sand
Question 10/36
Refer to National Quality Standard 5.1 ‘Respectful and equitable relationships are maintained
with each child’. List three (3) examples of how this standard aims supports a child’s emotional
and social development.
The NQS 5.1 standards support emotional and social development as:
1. It helps to provide adequate space to children
2. Implement flexible routine for children based on their needs
3. Offer culturally appropriate experiences and materials
Question 11/36
Describe how each of the following factors can impact a child’s social and emotional
development. Indicate in the space provided which question you are answering.
a) Gender: Gender plays a role in developing diverse emotional expression in children
b) Social morals: Social morals influence response to adverse situations and promote positive
social outcomes in children
c) Illness or disability: Illness results in emotional distress and poor social contact
d) Family crisis: Family crisis leads to emotional problems and behavioral problems in children
Question 12/36
Briefly describe the first three (3) stages of Erik Erikson’s stages of psychosocial development.