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Business ethics and
sustainability

Environmental challenges and issues in Nepal: ways to address or tackle those issues
It is true that most of the developing countries are facing common problem for increasing
their living standard. In Nepal also, the most common problem is that natural resources
(waterfalls, rivers, mountain peaks, and flora) are scenic. For the increasing shift toward the
development of road construction, agro based industries; urbanisation, and
telecommunication, ecological balance is being brought. Nepal performance is seen to be
worst when it comes to combat air pollution and protection of environmental. Due to the
higher frequency of the dirty air, road dust, open garbage and brick kilns, people have to
come across different problems.
It is seen that population of Nepal is increasing to a huge rate. the increasing population,
people of Nepal migrating from the Himalayan region. At the same time, it is also putting
pressure on the cultivated land. Deforestation is also taking place on huge scale and at an
increasing rate. It has created the several problems of the soil erosion in the mountains, hills
and started devastation as the results of flood. Livestock number is also decreasing in Nepal.
It is seen due to the non availability of the fodder caused by regular slopping and heavy
grazing. It is seen that if population will not be controlled, natural resources will deplete at
the exceptional rate. Several reports have also stated that the poverty is also one of the
significant causes of the environmental degradation. Due to the lack of awareness and
education, problem of wide spread garbage is being seen. People are also cultivating land in
the residential areas that is causing the biodiversity loss. Land fragmentation is also seen as
the significant environmental challenge for Nepal (Pant, Rai, Wallrapp, Ghate, Shrestha and
Ram, 2017).
Urban pollution is the major challenges in Nepal as compare to the rural pollution. In Nepal,
Vehicle emission, industrial emission, garbage, city waste as well as increasing construction
is increasingly contribution to the problem of pollution. Agriculture pollution is also one of
the promising challenges to the environmental of Nepal. The nation’s sanitation and drinking
water is also unsatisfactory. The quality of drinking water in Nepal found to be higher
inclusion of the bacteria. Most of the deaths are also caused from the non-communicable
disease. The roads of Kathmandu, especially in the winter season get full smoggy. Since, it is

seen that Kathmandu is the fast growing urbanising Asia that is increasingly facing pollution
problems. The outdoor air quality of Kathmandu is hazardous and unhealthy on daily basis.
Several type of air pollution is made from several complex mixture that affects the human
health negatively. The outdoor pollutants include the ozone, particulate matter, nitrogen
oxide, carbon monoxide, sulphur dioxide and some other chemicals. This particular matter
affects more than any other people do. Particulate matter is also use as the indicator for air
pollution (Shrestha, Shrestha and Shrestha, 2017).
The diagram clearly shows the presence of air pollution in Nepal. The uneven harmful ages
are proving to be the biggest environmental challenge for the people who are living there
(Raspanti et al, 2016).
Due to the uneven environment issues, Nepal has to face the issue of food shortage and
landslide in the remote areas. Due to the climate changes as a result of deforestation,
population growth, and unplanned urbanization. Climate change is not that much problem but
it is giving several negative consequences such as new diseases, erratic rainfall, as well as
natural disaster. Fuel wood is also seen as the major source of energy for the people of Nepal.
However, due to the largest consumption of fuel, dependency has been reduced. The
harvesting and collection of fuel wood done at the individual level is contributing toward
deforestation. Trekking and mountaineering are also popular tourism activities seen in Nepal.
Due to this, deforestation is seen as the major cause. Air pollution is seen as the biggest