Race, Ethnicity & Migration: Causes, Patterns, and Social Problems Faced by Low-Skilled Migrant Workers in the UK

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This report discusses the causes and patterns of migration of low-skilled workers to the UK, ethnic identity construction, social problems faced by this group, and ways to tackle these problems.

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Race, Ethnicity & Migration
INTRODUCTION...............................................................................................................3
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MAIN BODY.......................................................................................................................3
Causes and patterns of migration to the UK.............................................................3
Ethnic identity construction.......................................................................................5
Social problems relevant to the experience this group.............................................6
Tackling the social problems identified.....................................................................7
CONCLUSION...................................................................................................................8
REFERENCES..................................................................................................................9
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INTRODUCTION
Migration is defined as movement of individual from one place to another for a
number of reasons that can be for settling their personal or professional needs. It has
been identified that from past many years there is significant increase the number of
migration of low skilled migrant workers in the United Kingdom (Becker and Fetzer,
2018). In this they are facing a number of issues as compared to the individual person
in United Kingdom migraines are most likely to work in night shift and part time job.
Furthermore, it has been identified that low-skilled workers are more forced towards
exploitation. In this the with help of number of rights and policies migrant workers rights
can be effectively secured. This will help government to keep them safe in order to keep
society functioning in a proper manner. Present report include discussion upon the
cause and pattern of the migration of low-skilled workers to the United Kingdom along
with the social problems that low-skilled workers are facing is also discussed in this
report, along with the manner in which the social problems can be tackled.
MAIN BODY
Causes and patterns of migration to the UK
International migration is defined as a movement of individual across international
borders. The main purpose behind this is for settlement. It has been identified that
international migrates usually change their places of residence from one country to
another. In simple terms international migration occurs when individuals cross state
boundaries and make their stay in the host state for some period of time ( Privara and
Rievajova, 2021). Migration can occur for a number of reasons, for examples individual
looking for economic opportunity in other countries. It has been underlined that low
skilled is define as individual with fewer formal qualification. People those who are low
skill do not need major qualification and they do their job regardless of their own
educational background. It has been underline that from past many years United
Kingdom was the major source of work related migration. The Organization for
Economic Co-activity and Development (OECD) characterizes the low skilled based on
the individual rather than the gig. As per the OECD, low-talented individuals are those
whose training is not exactly upper auxiliary. This instruction level involves part of the
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meaning of ONS SOC ability levels one and two. Accordingly, one meaning of a low-
skilled occupation could be that it is grouped at ability level a couple by the ONS as this
would likewise cover the OECD definition. In 2020, the word related dispersion of
transient laborers taken in general did not vary much from that of UK-conceived
laborers, in spite of the fact that travelers were over-addressed in positions named low-
gifted contrasted with the UK conceived (12% versus 9%). In this specific situation, work
abilities predominantly show the instructive certifications and preparing that are needed
to play out a task and does not consider different sorts of individual abilities that are
esteemed in the work market. There are extensive contrasts in the kind of occupations
that laborers do by locale of birth. In 2020, 48% of laborers brought into the world in
North America, Australia and New Zealand, and 47% of laborers brought into the world
in India were in high-talented positions, just as 45% of those brought into the world in
EU-14 nations (Migrants in the UK: An Overview. 2020). The most widely recognized
high-gifted positions among the transient populace are educators, IT subject matter
experts, specialists and medical attendants, and directors. Paradoxically, laborers
brought into the world in new EU increase nations were over-addressed in low-talented
occupations, such cleaners, servers, or packers. It has been identified that there are
different type of elements that are shaping the unemployment as well as a human trait
of migrations in the United Kingdom. In addition to this it has been identified that the
pattern of migration in the United Kingdom is significantly increasing people migrate
from their country of origin for different types of region. In this economic condition at
home place acts as essential and most important reason (Mandelman and Zlate, 2022).
It has been identified that labour market condition in Eastern Europe countries between
the end of the world war second and the early 1990 states high level of employment in
South in European countries. This led the overall increase in the migration of low skilled
labor, as it has been identified that individuals those who are living in poor countries are
moving to the United Kingdom for the search of employment. It has been identified that
migration mainly includes social, financial and psychological cost. In this particularly in
jobs in low skilled area the migration level is significantly increasing.
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Ethnic identity construction
Social identity is defined as an individual knowledge of belonging to a certain
social group. In simple terms social identity states group that are usually defined by
some social physical and mental characteristics of individual. The main elements of
social identity is inclusive of three forms of cognitive component which is social
identification, social categorisation and social comparison. It has been identified that low
skilled migrant workers characterized themselves in terms of low level of qualification as
compare to others. This element differentiate them due to many aspects. Migration has
been significantly increased in United Kingdom in which low skilled workers from other
countries for the economic opportunities and moving to United Kingdom. These
individual are from other nation which intersect them with other social structure they
also do have lower skilled and low level of education. It has been identified in terms of
Henri Tajfel's greatest contribution to psychology was social identity theory. Social
identity is a person’s sense of who they are based on their group membership
(Moroşanu, Lulle and Pratsinakis 2021). It has been identified that do level of education
and different nationality differentiate them from other group. In addition to this, it has
been analysed that many individuals from different countries especially in low skilled
areas are coming to United Kingdom in order to have employment opportunity. In
addition to this it has been evaluated that there is significant increase in the number of
part time job specially in low skilled area. Shift work will be work that happens outside
commonplace working hours all day from Monday to Friday. It could include chipping
away at various time plans every day of the week, on ends of the week, on split
movements for example full moves separated into two particular parts with a hole of a
few hours in the middle or during evening time. Shift plans are more normal in areas
that require 24-hour administration for example nursing and care homes or where
administration is aggregated at specific times for example eateries. In 2020, an
expected 23% of unfamiliar conceived laborers have occupations including some sort of
shift work, contrasted with 18% of the UK conceived. Night shift work is thought to
contrarily affect physical and psychological well-being and execution through its effect
on rest and circadian planning. Unfamiliar conceived laborers were bound to work
during night shifts (7%) than the UK conceived (5%) . In 2020, transient laborers were
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likewise bound to be in non-extremely durable positions (7%), particularly those brought
into the world in Romania and Bulgaria (8%) or Pakistan and other South Asian nations
(8%) contrasted with the UK conceived (5%). The portion of laborers in party time
occupations is moderately little yet is more normal among the non-EU conceived (4%)
than the UK conceived (3%). Around half of laborers in party time contracts work in
cleaning, warehousing, social consideration and childcare occupations (Fernández-
Reino, Sumption and Vargas-Silva, 2020). Furthermore, it has been evaluated that
there are some sectors which do not need a full time position workers. Furthermore it
has been underlined that foreign born workers are more likely to work during the night
shift and in nonpermanent job then the UK born.
Social problems relevant to the experience this group
Over the past many years there is significant increase in the number of low skilled
migrant workers those who are coming from different countries to the United Kingdom.
Number of individuals those who are born in different European Union countries were
employed in low wage jobs such as warehousing, cleaning, food processing etc. A large
number of key laborers in the UK are transients – roughly 23% of all clinic staff,
including 29% of specialists and 18% of medical attendants, 20% of farming laborers,
over 40% of food creation laborers and 18% of care laborers, ascending to 59% in
London. These are the individuals who, for quite a long time, legislators have faulted for
holding down compensation, demolishing "English culture" and overburdening public
administrations (Duda-Mikulin, 2020). In United Kingdom there are number of issues
that has been duly faced by this group. In this it has been it has been evaluated that the
main problems that has been faced by this group is proper right of working and their
healthcare. In addition to this it has been identified that due to language and cultural
barriers this group is facing a number of issues. There are number of issues that has
been facing by this group which include lack of healthcare facility and financial support.
In addition to this it has been identified that it is essential to make sure that migrant
workers to not face but done and illegal treatment it is essential to provide occupational
rights to these groups in order to make sure that they do not face any challenges. It is
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essential for government to make sure that they apply rules and regulation in order to
provide proper treatment to low-skilled workers in terms of health rights and other
occupational right. They are required to make access of healthcare this effectively lead
United Kingdom to emphasize upon humanity (Becker and Fetzer, 2018). Furthermore it
has been underlined that all migrants rights need to matter all the time in which it is
essential to make sure about their right regardless of their immigration status. Thus from
the analysis it has been identified that the social problem that is group is facing is lack of
healthcare in which you to language and cultural barriers they are facing many
challenges.
Tackling the social problems identified
Low skilled migrant workers are facing a number of issues such as lack of health
care facility due to language barrier and cultural barriers. In this it is essential for
government to have number of policies regulations and changes through which they can
tackle these problems. There are a number of social movements that has been taken
place from past many is as with the help of this proper right can be provided to low
skilled migrant workers which not only helps in enhancing overall economic value
generation for the country but also allow them to manage migrants in effective manner.
It is essential to protect the identity of low skilled workers as this will help country to
manage in migration in effective manner. Over the past many years number of free
movements has been undertaken place in which there is demand of proper right and
policies. However with the help of number of government plans and policies can be
made. It is recommended to have work permit program for low skilled job. Furthermore,
they are also facing the issue of explotation (Hantzsche and Young, 2019). Exploitation
is a worry across the low-wage labor force and not only for transient specialists, despite
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the fact that travelers are by and large thought to be at higher danger because of
elements like language hindrances, lower neighborhood information and movement
status. Tending to the danger of double-dealing in any future low-gifted work course is
probably going to be very troublesome. On one hand, there is some proof that the
'business tie' in work license plans can prompt lower compensation for certain
specialists and may build the danger of double-dealing for the more helpless. Then
again, the way that work-grant programs are vigorously directed could in principle
further develop life for certain members, by setting least prerequisites for pay or
business gave convenience. Be that as it may this obviously, relies upon powerful
requirement of work norm something to which the UK has customarily committed
generally restricted assets. This can be designed in different type of ways in which the
type of jobs that are eligible and the condition of work is needed to be made along with
is the major policy for using work permit scheme. Government is needed to control the
labour migration. Furthermore, in this the government is recommended to take use of
work permit scheme to offer more favourable condition to workers. In this it is essential
for government to address the risk of exploitation for future low skilled workers in which
with the help of work permit scheme this issue can be effectively overcome, in addition
to this government is also required to specify the form of work which is eligible in the
condition under which the they is required to perform. Along with this with the help of
regulating the work government can decide eligible age for work permit. This will
significantly help in reducing the number of workers entering occupation. From the
analysis it has been identified that migrant workers are more widely exposed to the risk
of labour exploitation as compared to the UK born workers. They are facing issues like
lack of healthcare, lack of knowledge of their rights due to lower employment standard
is due to language barrier for example poor English language skills is also preventing
them from having rights. In it is essential for government to have authorised recruitment
agencies with the help of enforcing problem can be effectively tackled.
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CONCLUSION
Thus, from the above-mentioned analysis it has been identified that international
migration is termed as a movement of people across international borders. In this there
are number of reasons that can be the purpose of their migration. From this report
support it has been identified that from past many years low skilled migration has been
significantly increased in the provinces of United Kingdom. However due to low
qualification and low skills skilled workers is being significantly increased in United
Kingdom. In this number of low skilled individuals are working in night shift and are in
non-permanent job as comparatively to the individuals that are born in the United
Kingdom. There is rapid increase in the number of low skilled employees which
enhances the migration pattern in the United Kingdom. However it has been identified
that there are a number of issues that has been faced by this group number of workers
in the United Kingdom. Many individuals in low skilled job employees are from different
nations. However due to the many challenges such as lack of healthcare facility and
occupational rights different type of challenges and social problem is being faced. In this
report identifies that proper policy and strategy is needed by government in order to
make sure that they have proper right. Report identifies that number of actions has been
undertaken such as low skilled work permit work permit programs for non skilled job and
number of low skilled worker program has been initiated.
REFERENCES
Books and Journals
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Privara, A. and Rievajova, E., 2021. Migration Challenges of the Current Stage of
Globalization. In SHS Web of Conferences (Vol. 92). EDP Sciences.
Mandelman, F.S. and Zlate, A., 2022. Offshoring, Automation, Low-Skilled Immigration,
and Labor Market Polarization. American Economic Journal:
Macroeconomics, 14(1), pp.355-89.
Moroşanu, L., King, R., Lulle, A. and Pratsinakis, M., 2021. ‘One improves here every
day’: the occupational and learning journeys of ‘lower-skilled’European migrants
in the London region. Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies, 47(8), pp.1775-
1792.
Fernández-Reino, M., Sumption, M. and Vargas-Silva, C., 2020. From low-skilled to key
workers: the implications of emergencies for immigration policy. Oxford Review
of Economic Policy, 36(Supplement_1), pp.S382-S396.
Duda-Mikulin, E.A., 2020. Gendered migrations and precarity in the post-Brexit-vote UK:
the case of Polish women as workers and carers. Migration and
Development, 9(1), pp.92-110.
Hantzsche, A., Kara, A. and Young, G., 2019. The economic effects of the UK
government's proposed Brexit deal. The World Economy, 42(1), pp.5-20.
Becker, S.O. and Fetzer, T., 2018. Has Eastern European Migration Impacted UK-born
Workers?. University of Warwick, Department of Economics.
Online
Migrants in the UK: An Overview. 2020. [Online]. Available
throughhttps://migrationobservatory.ox.ac.uk/resources/briefings/migrants-in-the-uk-an-
overview/
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