Reduction of Plastic Bag Usage Through Advanced Technology
Added on 2020-04-21
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Data Science and Big DataStatistics and ProbabilityEnvironmental Science
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Running Head: REDUCTION OF PLASTIC BAG USAGE THROUGH ADVANCED TECHNOLOGY 1Reduction of Plastic Bag Usage Through Advanced Technology Rajinikanth Thoutam (ID: 170984)Harrisburg University of Science and Technology Assignment Submitted to Dr. Stanley Nwoji in fulfillment of MidTermDraftDate of Submission: 12/13/2017
REDUCTION OF PLASTIC BAG USAGE THROUGH ADVANCED TECHNOLOGY 2List of terminologiesCommon Unsafe Waste Incinerators- Uncontrollable burning of plastics to convert waste to energyUS EPA-United StatesEnvironmental Protection AgencyMicro plastics- Plastic materials less than 5 millimetres
REDUCTION OF PLASTIC BAG USAGE THROUGH ADVANCED TECHNOLOGY 3Table of ContentIntroduction......................................................................................................................................51.1 Problem statement.....................................................................................................................51.2 Significance of study.................................................................................................................51.3 Background of the research.......................................................................................................61.4 Purpose Statement.....................................................................................................................81.5 Research Hypothesis..................................................................................................................81.6 Research Objectives...................................................................................................................81.7 Research Question.....................................................................................................................81.8 Limitation..................................................................................................................................91.9 Delimitation...............................................................................................................................91.10 Theoretical Framework............................................................................................................9Literature Review..........................................................................................................................102.1 Introduction..............................................................................................................................102.2 Factors affecting the study.......................................................................................................102.3 Review of Theories..................................................................................................................132.4 Review of methods..................................................................................................................15Research Methodology..................................................................................................................173.1 Research Philosophy................................................................................................................173.2 Research Design......................................................................................................................183.3 Research Strategy....................................................................................................................183.4 Data collection.........................................................................................................................193.5 Data Analysis...........................................................................................................................19
REDUCTION OF PLASTIC BAG USAGE THROUGH ADVANCED TECHNOLOGY 43.6 Sampling..................................................................................................................................203.7 Reliability and Validity............................................................................................................203.8 Ethical consideration...............................................................................................................204.0 Results......................................................................................................................................214.1 Results from Descriptive Analysis..........................................................................................214.2 Results from Inferential Analysis............................................................................................324.3 Hypothesis Testing..................................................................................................................365.0 Conclusion...............................................................................................................................385.1 Recommendation.....................................................................................................................38References......................................................................................................................................40
REDUCTION OF PLASTIC BAG USAGE THROUGH ADVANCED TECHNOLOGY 5List of Figures and Graphs Figure 1: Research Philosophy......................................................................................................14Graph 1: Gender............................................................................................................................18Graph 2: Age..................................................................................................................................19Graph 4: Research and development is required for advancement of technology........................21Graph 5: Sufficiency of current technological methods................................................................24Graph 6: Government is facing challenges in reduction in usage of plastic reduction.................25Graph 7: Scope of improvement....................................................................................................27Graph 8: Advancement technology has impact in reduction of plastic waste...............................28Graph 9: Normal Probability Plot..................................................................................................31
REDUCTION OF PLASTIC BAG USAGE THROUGH ADVANCED TECHNOLOGY 6IntroductionThis is a study, which will analyse the significance of advanced technology in reducing the use of plastic bag. The consumption of plastic bags and other products have increased significantly. This is having a profound impact on the environment as these bags and plastic products are non-renewable in nature (Khoiruman & Haryanto, 2017). Thus, these materials are the main sources of marine debris and land based litters, which reduces the efficiency of the automated recycle systems. Thus, the government has been taking measures to prevent this degradation of the environment and the study will analyse the significance of technology in plastic waste management.1.1 Problem statementThe uses of plastic have increased significantly in the recent years and it is having an adverse effect on the sustainability of the environment. Technology has advanced significantly but the reduction in the use has not diminished. Thus, the study will address this problem to identify suitable strategies and measures for improving environmental sustainability.1.2 Significance of studyThe study will identify the significant impact of advanced technology on reduction of plastic bag usage. The research will analyze the problems faced by the US government in controlling the use of plastic bags. Moreover, the perspectives of the general consumers are takenin to account so that the study can provide a different dimension.
REDUCTION OF PLASTIC BAG USAGE THROUGH ADVANCED TECHNOLOGY 71.3 Background of the researchThe plastic manufacturing industry grew considerably due to the benefits attached to it. The cost of producing plastic products is low; plastics have high durability and low weight (Mutungi, Imathiu & Affognon, 2016). Thus, this material type has been preferred over any othermaterials and this can be identified by the exponential growth in the plastics industry (Green et al., 2015). Moreover, 50% of the plastics products that are developed belong to the category suchas disposable items for consumers, packaging and agricultural films (Fred Dufour, 2017). The consumption of plastic products has kept on increasing and even though the government has taken measures to mitigate the use of plastic products, a lot of improvements are required to reduce pollution in the environmental conditions. Various statistics suggest that most of the plastic wastes are managed by using conventional methods such as land filling (Rhyner et al., 2017). The major drawback of using this method is none of the materials is recovered and it leads to increase in the shortage of the land filling areas. Incineration is another method, which isbeing used by the government to reduce the need of land filling and can be used to recover some amount of energy. However, the use of incineration leads to concerns in releasing of hazardous materials into the atmosphere. Thus, there are many drawbacks of using these methods, down gauging and recycling of products are the measures, which have been able to reduce the production and consumption of the materials effectively (Plastic bag bans, 2017).However, the uses of these processes in most of the countries have been minimal and the use of plastic bags has increased the imbalance in the ecosystem significantly (Romer & Tamminen, 2014). Thus, use of innovation is one of the ways of managing waste materials in a better way. There is need for constantly improving the processes of managing plastic waste and so numerous ways have been developed to manage plastic waste in a better way. The study
REDUCTION OF PLASTIC BAG USAGE THROUGH ADVANCED TECHNOLOGY 8conducted by EPA shows that 79% of the plastic waste materials are accumulating in landfills and only 9% of the total plastic have been recycled (Xanthos & Walker, 2017). Moreover, it is predicted that if proper measures are not taken into account and the present trend keeps on continuing, 12 billion metric ton of plastic waste will be accumulated in landfills and there will be more amount of plastic waste in the oceans that the living organisms (Romer & Tamminen, 2014). Thus, immediate measures are necessary for preserving the environment and technology is one of the major factors in this context. The innovative procedures have been implemented in the field of sorting where there have been improvements in the productivity of the automated sorting procedures. The use of recycled polymers in closed loop processes to provide high value is another innovative method that has been implemented. However, there is scope of improvement in the overall recycling procedures and thus modern technologies will have to be identified and implemented to make changes (Poortinga, Whitmarsh & Suffolk, 2013). Thus, the study investigated modern technologies that have been developed or are being developed to increase the sustainability of the environment. However, there are instances which suggest that the use of paper bags are much more harmful than the plastic bags as the level of carbon footprint is higher in the manufacturing of paper bags (Rivers, Shenstone-Harris & Young, 2017). Thus, the paper bags will have more impact on the climate change. This issue is a complicated one and various authors have different opinion about this matter which will be discussed in detail in the literature review. Therefore, the solution to this matter is complex and new advancement is required in the field of technology to improve the sustainability. This study analyzed the latest technological methods that should be used to reduce the usage of plastic bag.
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