Reflective Learning and Feedback in Higher Education

This essay discusses the importance of reflective learning and feedback in higher education, including the use of Gibbs reflective cycle and formative and summative assessments. It also explores different approaches to reflection and the role of feedback and feed forward in improving student performance.

Orientation for success
in higher education

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION ..........................................................................................................................3
TASK...............................................................................................................................................3
CONCLUSION ...............................................................................................................................6
REFERENCES................................................................................................................................7

INTRODUCTION
Reflective learning can be described as process which helps students to be effective learning with
asking question as well as thinking critically about one's own ideas. It is a private process which
is undertake by a person for their own personal study strategies and can be part of formal
assessment (Adachi, Tai and Dawson, 2018). It is part of formal education which allow students
to reflect about their learning experience. It is theory for purpose of learning cites which can be
intentional and complex process that recognise role of social context and experience. It is
essential for a person due to various reason like it allow to build a link among different types of
work. It is important for teachers to improve reflective learning of students for which they
provide different feedback and feed forward to students. It is a essay which helps a students for
getting good grades and also helps for improving knowledge, skills as well as learning. This
essay includes description of reflection and reflective approaches of learning with using different
reflective models. It also describes nature of feedback as well as feed forward along with use of
model for reflection on feed forward and feedback. Moreover, it also describe, ways in which
reflective approaches to feedback and feed forward can inform and improve future formative as
well as summative assessment.
TASK
Reflection can be describe as a type of thinking that aims for attainment for effective
understanding and also lead for new learning. It is essential as it allow a person to make sense of
experience and also assist for learning from that experience (Babakus, Yavas and Karatepe,
2017). This reflection provide different ways for purpose of standing back from different
emotions and also assist a person for making quick judgement. It allow them to build good career
view and also provide opportunity to build career. It is one of approach that assist students for
purpose of thinking about their learning, reading and other things done by them for learning from
lessons and also allow them to make meaning of a situation. It is important as it allow a person
for accepting responsibility in order to learn and also provide personal growth to a person. It
assist them for purpose of aware of different internal thinking process and also to be a meta
cognitive. It make them aware of different motives and also helps them to develop a link among
their work. In order to reflect views on something, a person can use different approaches for
reflection like Donald Schon, John Dewey, Gibbs reflective cycle, Murphy's and Atkins cyclical

model, David Kolb and others. One of most effective reflective model is Gibbs reflective cycle
that can be introduced by Graham Gibbs in 1988. It is one of model that provide structure for
learning to a person from their experience. It is one of tool which is used by a students in order to
examine experience and also offer them cyclic natures that leads to repeated experience and also
allow a person for purpose of plan and learn things in a effective manner (Deem and Ozga,
2020). There are various stages to be includes in this process like description, feeling,
analysation, conclusion and action plan. It offer a way to individual in which a person work on
basis of their experience. It is considered as a stand alone experience as well as situation through
which a person go through. Initial stage of this model is description which allow a person to
describe whole situation in detail. After description, individual move to feeling stage in which a
they can explore their feelings throughout whole process and create impact over experience over
a person. Next stage in this is evaluation stage, in which a person is able to evaluate different
aspect related to experience what things worked well for them and what things are not worked
well. Next stage is analysis in which a person is able to made sense of situation and also allowed
to focus on all detail of about a situation. Conclusion is one of stage in which a person is able to
learn things and also allowed a person to do things differently. Action plan is something which
make a person able to do face similar situation in future period of time.
Feedback is one of important component in an assessment which create over student's learning
and also can be powerful single moderator that enhance achievement. There are different reason
for which student can get good marks which allow them to identify different ways for attainment
of this goal. Feedback play important role for purpose of identifying as well as rewarding
different qualities of work of students (Dyer and Dyer, 2017). It also provide guidance to student
for improving their performing and also motivate them for purpose of improving their work. It is
important for various reason as it encourage an individual for purpose thinking critically and also
helps them to reflect about things for purpose of improvement. It assist them for learning things
in a effective manner which increase their satisfaction. Feed forward on the other hand is
approach that instead of focusing on rating and judging people, emphasis on development of a
person in future period of time. It is one of approach in which tutor is not waiting for individual
for purpose of completion of work as well as marking errors or grading their works in place of
reading a part of essay and identify error through noticing them and making improvement. It
provide opportunity to a person for improving their work and getting growth in their academic

life. It assist in expansion of possibility that helps to pointing out various difficulty. Gibbs is a
reflective model which allow a person for reflection upon their learning experience and also
allow individual for purpose of reflect on feed forward and feedback that is essential for purpose
of improving performance which is essential in order made sense of situation (Ghanizadeh,
2017). This model of reflection allow a person for purpose rethink about situation and also
finding out actual problems associated with a situation. It also assist individual to identify best
things from overall situation and also find out actual problem lye with situation.
Formative assessment refers to a approach that is used by professors in process of
performance evaluation, learning needs of students, academic progress. It assist teachers for
purpose of identification of different concept for which a person struggle that helps them to
understand and finding out difficulty related to acquisition as well as learning standards that
cannot be attainment by them and also made adjustment for purpose of instructional technique,
academic lesson and support (Gleason, 2017). Main objective of formative assessment is to
gather various information that utilised by students for purpose of making improvement,
learning. Summative assessment on the other hand can be described as a assessment that can be
administered for purpose of instructional unit. It is aiming at evaluation for learning of student
with making comparison of their performance with a benchmark or a standard. These assessment
are high stakes which also has high point values (Nayak, 2018). These standards and benchmark
can be provided to student at time of instructional period and also evaluate different learning
objectives. It is a formative assessment that can be in form of clear instruction, grading rubrics
and expectation for measuring comprehension of student. There are different approaches for
reflection for feed forward and feedback which assist students for improving their assessment as
these feedback helps to identify different problems and mistakes occur in assessment (Moriña,
2017). It assist them for purpose of understanding different errors and problems occur in a
formative assessment. Formative assessment refers to a tool that enable instructor for purpose of
providing immediate as well as ongoing feedback which allow structure to improve their
learning. These feedback can be based on following an assessment which consist introduction
and also assist instructor for purpose of identification of misunderstanding and remove efforts. It
is essential in order to improve knowledge and skills that is required for motivating students.

CONCLUSION
From above mentioned project report, it can be concluded that refection is one of important
approaches for a student as it improve their learning and also allow them to make sense of
situation. It is essential in order to accept different responsibility which also helps for purpose of
gaining personal growth of a person. It is required for a person for purpose of becoming aware of
motive behind action of a person that allow them to develop different knowledge, skills and
learning. Different approaches are developed related to reflection and among which Gibbs model
is one of famous model. It is model that allow individual to reflect their view about a situation
and consist different stages. Feedback and Feed forward both play important role in order to
identify mistakes in assessment and making improvement.

REFERENCES
Books and Journals
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Higher Education, 43(2), pp.294-306.
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Deem, R. and Ozga, J., 2020. Women managing for diversity in a postmodern world. In Feminist
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