Project Management Case Studies

This assignment requires students to analyze case studies of project management successes and failures, particularly focusing on the Wembley Stadium renovation project. Students must evaluate the effectiveness of project management techniques employed, identify contributing factors to both success and failure, and draw conclusions about best practices in project management based on the analyzed cases.

Project Management

TABLE OF CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................4
Project management.........................................................................................................................4
STAKEHOLDERS..........................................................................................................................4
TIME MANAGEMENT..................................................................................................................6
RISK MANAGEMENT...................................................................................................................9
TEAMS..........................................................................................................................................10
COST MANAGEMENT...............................................................................................................11
TRIPPLE CONTRAINT TRIAGLE..............................................................................................12
METHODOLOGIES AND PROCESSES.....................................................................................13
SUCCESS AND FAILURE...........................................................................................................15
CONCLUSION..............................................................................................................................15
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................17

INTRODUCTION
Project management refers the procedure related to working on a specific project for
improving the performance of particular field. It enables corporation to integrate all related
resources and complete the project related activities in an effectual manner. Present report is
based on construction of Wembley stadium and its effective management related to utilizing the
time and resources effectively. For this purpose, report covers the reasons behind failure of the
public project management and understanding the varied issues or remedies available to improve
the performance of the project in a cost effective manner. In addition to this, triple constraint
triangle theory and importance of stakeholders etc are explained in context of the Wembley
stadium project. Moreover, success and failure of the project has been explained along with
application of suitable methodology to complete the same.
PROJECT MANAGEMENT
The project of Wembley stadium has been taken into account which is construction
project. Here, the specific purpose of stadium consists of several functions such as rugby
matches and football so as to organize the private evenest and other related concerts. Owing to
this, issues related to time is faced along with higher cost. For this purpose, current project is
being implemented in order to save time as well as cost so as to accomplish the purpose of the
stadium effectively. However, the procedure of construction was delayed due to the bidding. For
this purpose, lowest cost request was order for the contractors in order to ensure the optimum
utilization of the limited resources (Alotaibi and Mafimisebi, 2016). On the other hand,
implementation phase was delayed as the arch execution was challenging. For this purpose,
appropriate project management work should be done under which bidding related issues can be
resolved. For example, profession and qualified personnel can be invited for the bidding so they
can focus on the services. Moreover, experienced engineers were needed so as to implement the
more advanced design in the construction of Wembley stadium. Accordingly, project
management related task has been completed through following the below mentioned steps or
aspects.
STAKEHOLDERS
There are several stakeholders associated with the project which are explained as follows-

 Contractors or engineers-The major issue related to Wembley stadium was associated
with wrong suppliers and bidders. They were focusing on higher cost which tend to
increase the budget to a great extent. For this purpose, qualified personnel were required
to associated in the project who can manage the performance of the project effectively.
However, advanced design of the project can be made possible with the inclusion of
skilled and competent engineers (Heagney, 2016). Labour-Labour associated with the project must also possess the necessary skills who
can effective contribute towards the success of the project. It would be more effective to
cater the requirement of the project and complete the same in relatively less time span. Customers-The customers or audience are the main parties who will consume the
services rendered through Wembley stadium. For this purpose, preferences of customers
are taken into account while preparing the stadium. For example, appropriate ventilation,
air facility and seating arrangement is taken into account. This in turn meet the
expectations of people attention the event effectively (Richard, Sorooshian and Shariman,
2016). Community-The general community surrounding the stadium is also affected through
several factors. At this juncture, project should be completed by focusing on their
requirement and proper facilities related to disposal of waster etc. At the same time, water
and air pollution should not be occurred to general community. These specific aspects are
considered as the time of completion of the construction project. Sports people-It is the most important stakeholders associated with the project of
Wembley stadium. They need several kind of facilities regarding practice, rest rooms and
other facilities. It is considered at the time of preparing structure of stadium and
providing the basic amenities for the players (Martinelli and Milosevic, 2016).
 Government and shareholders-It covers people who invest the fund in the completion of
the project. Government must specific the budget effectively as per the requirement of the
project. At the same time, government or shareholders have certain expectations related
to quality and return which must be accomplished through consideration.
However, some of the ways are applied for the completion of project should be effective
under which business ensure to associate the qualified and highly skilled personnel. Similarly,

the management team should be strong who can effectively cope up with the changes and
address the issues which are being faced at the time of completion of the project.
TIME MANAGEMENT
Time management refers to the appropriate management of activities within the given
time span. For this purpose, management must list all the activities to be covered under the
project. The below mentioned table is showing detail information related to activities covered
under the project. This proves to be effective for project management to assigning the right task
to right people and ensure the accomplish the standards set for the project (Bresnen, 2016). The
time line of each activity has also been presented through which it becomes easy for the
researcher or corporation to meet the long as well as short term objectives of the project in a right
manner. It would be effective to support all project managers or members associated in the team.
Sr. No. Activities Time Predecessors
1 Planing of the Wembley Stadium 60 days
2 Conducing the research 100 days 1
3 Preparing the final plan 150 days 1,2
4 Acquiring the resources 300 days 2
5 Allocation of resources 30 days 1
6 Contingency provision for
multiplex
25 days 3,4
7 Cost of infrastructure 50 days 3
8 Financing cost 90 days 5,7,6
9 Management and development
team construction
20 days 3
10 Purchasing the site 30 days 1,2
11 Construction contract with fixed
price
40 days 8,9
12 Cost overruns in construction 10Days 10,11
13 Implementing the plan 400 days 12
14 Execution 300 days 13
15 Settlement 90 days 14
Total

The below mentioned table has been extracted from the application of software related to
the management of the project. It reflects the starting as well as finish time of the each activity. It
considered as the processed table.
Task Mode Task Name Duration Start Finish Predecessors
Manually
Scheduled
Planing of the Wembley
Stadium 1 day Mon 4/10/17 Mon 4/10/17
Manually
Scheduled Conducing the research 1 day Tue 4/11/17 Tue 4/11/17 1
Manually
Scheduled Preparing the final plan 1 day? Wed 4/12/17 Wed 4/12/17 1,2
Manually
Scheduled Acquiring the resources 1 day Wed 4/12/17 Wed 4/12/17 2
Manually
Scheduled Allocation of resources 1 day Tue 4/11/17 Tue 4/11/17 1
Manually
Scheduled
Contingency provision
for multiplex 1 day Thu 4/13/17 Thu 4/13/17 3,4
Manually
Scheduled Cost of infrastructure 1 day Thu 4/13/17 Thu 4/13/17 3
Manually
Scheduled Financing cost 1 day Fri 4/14/17 Fri 4/14/17 5,7,6
Manually
Scheduled
Management and
development team
construction
1 day Thu 4/13/17 Thu 4/13/17 3
Manually
Scheduled Purchasing the site 1 day? Wed 4/12/17 Wed 4/12/17 1,2
Manually
Scheduled
Construction contract
with fixed price 1 day? Mon 4/17/17 Mon 4/17/17 8,9
Manually
Scheduled
Cost overruns in
construction 1 day Tue 4/18/17 Tue 4/18/17 10,11
Manually
Scheduled Implementing the plan 1 day Wed 4/19/17 Wed 4/19/17 12
Manually
Scheduled Execution 1 day Thu 4/20/17 Thu 4/20/17 13
Manually
Scheduled Settlement 1 day Fri 4/21/17 Fri 4/21/17 14

The above mentioned gantt chart is representing the activities related to project and
which will help project management to complete the Wembley stadium project in a specified
time span. This aids to deliver good quality of services to end users effectively.

The above mentioned diagram reflects that activities covered under critical path are;
1+2+4+3+6+7+8+11+12+13+14+15. It represented that activity 5,10 and 9 will be completed
simultaneously in the mentioned activities of critical path. Hence, it is considered as the most
appropriate approach for the completion of long as well as short term objectives associated with
the Wembley project.
RISK MANAGEMENT
The management is considered as the most typical task in the project management. It
assists employees to input their knowledge for improving service delivery procedure. These are
explained as follows- Unreasonable allocation-It is very important in a specific project to allocate the financial
resources and other related in accordance with different project. This enables project
manager to control the risk and reach at the fruitful outcome effectively (Patanakul and
et. al., 2016). Furthermore, unreasonable allocation tend to increase the cost and make the
service delivery very poor. Cash-flow problems-The issue related to poor cash flow was also found under the project
of Wembley stadium. This affected the project performance to a great extent because
people associated with the same found issue regarding reducing the cost of operation. In
addition to this, cost of operation was very higher in comparison to requirement of the
project just because of association of poor resources allocation aspects.

 Poor performance-The performance of workforce associated in the project was not up to
the mark. The personnel involved in the team was not skilled and highly talented through
which they face issues in completing the project on time along with low cost. Though, the
poor performance is the outcome of ineffective personnel who do not possess necessary
skills and attributes (Sökmen and Çebi, 2017). Poor site management-Under this, poor site management is the crucial issue through
which al associated members cannot focus on their task as they were guided in the wrong
direction. It serves as the waste of the money and increase the cost to a great extent.
Owing to this, it significant to include highly competent and experienced engineers who
can handle the performance related to project in a right manner (Blomquist, Farashah and
Thomas, 2016).
 Design changes-The risk related to managing the change remain higher under public
project due to association of huge amount for the construction whereby increase in fuel
cost due to economical and political changes has direct impact on the cost of material. It
facilitates to support the business to a great extent and contribute towards the success of
the business in an effectual manner. In addition to this, economic and political risk should
be minimized with the implementation of the emergency plan. It contribute towards the
long run success and completion of the all related activities of the project.
TEAMS
The team consists of workers, project management and financers in the project who
actively take part in the process of project competition. However, the role of project manager,
contractors and engineers is considered as the crucial who work upon the major activities and
accordingly roles and responsibilities of all employees is decided in advance. This proves to be
effective to integrate all related resources and reduce the cost of operation (Paquin, Gauthier and
Morin, 2016). Project owner plays important role and in the current project manager will serve as
the significant role.
The general director handle the work related to allocation of finance and other resources
as per the activities of construction project related to Wembley Stadium. It assists members to
get the right direction as per the activities defined in the project. However, team leader is
responsible for the allocation of work in accordance with capabilities and skills of the personnel.

This facilitates to shed light on time saving and cost saving aspect. It is because workforce get
the work as per the requirement (Lakemond and et. al., 2016). However, the suppliers contracted
must be coordinated properly so they will get to know about the requirement related to project.
For this purpose, management of the project complete the task regarding the appropriate
communication procedure under which timely meeting is taken with the workforce and they are
informed regarding he schedule of initiation of each activity. Not only this but they are promoted
to reduce the time taken for the completion of the project. It aids to determine the allocation of
resources effectively. It aids to cater requirement of all related stakeholders ans support project t
get completed on time. It can be critically evaluated that conflict among team members occur
due to less clarity in their work (Kivilä, Martinsuo and Vuorinen, 2017). This tends to affect their
performance to a great extent and in turn they cannot contribute equally towards the success of
the project. However, responsibility assignment matrix is followed by the project manager
through which all related responsibilities of members is defined in advance and accordingly they
get the power or resources to manage all related task in an effectual manner.
In addition to this, project manager follow the most suitable strategy or leadership style
whereby workforce can be motivated and influenced in order to accomplish the given task. This
aids to encourage them to put their efforts in the direction of growth and success of the project.
Not only but they are provided reward for their better performance and achievement in the
project. It can be made possible through continuous evaluation and monitoring of the project.
COST MANAGEMENT
The below mentioned table is showing the total cost associated with the project. It covers
cost related to each activity and its direct impact on the performance of the project. However, the
total cost of the project was estimated to be £1 billion. The actual cost of the Wembley stadium
has been stated as follows. It would be effective for the project management to accomplish all
related activities. The higher cost was related to purchasing the site only which tend to increase
overall cost of the project (£750m bill turns Wembley into a new Dome, 2017). Owing to this,
suitable care should be taken at the time of allocation of fund. This in turn project manager
focuses on reducing the cost associated with the project and meet the aim and objectives of the
same in an effectual manner.

Cost Activities
£1.6m Expenditure made through DCMS for the
review of the England Sport
£20m Contingency provision for multiplex
£21m Cost of infrastructure
£79m Financing cost
£86m Management and development fee
£106m Purchasing the site
£445m Construction contract with fixed price
£183m Cost overruns in construction
£20.8m Cost overruns
Total £962.4m
The cost reduction can be done with the help of association skilled and competent
personnel. However, the cost might increase due to offering the training and development. This
in turn cost might different in each case.
TRIPPLE CONTRAINT TRIAGLE
It is considered as the most important theory under the project management which deals
in the three aspects such as scope, cost and time. It proves to be effective for formulating and
analysing the challenges faced at the time of formulation, evaluation and implementation of
private or public related projects. For this purpose, project management team focus on allocation
of financial resources effective with a purpose to reduce cost and increase overall rate of return.
For example, Wembley stadium needs proper financial resources through which all facilities can
be added at the time of the completion of the project (Kivilä, Martinsuo and Vuorinen, 2017).
Furthermore, emergency sources must also be allocated whereby company or project can be
funded in case of requirement of scarcity of the financial resources. However, expert of project
in the finance department estimate the proper cost as per the activities covered under the project.
This proves to be effective in determining the success of the project and deliver good quality of
services to large number of buyers. This facilitates to meet the objectives of the project
effectively.

Furthermore, certain portion of capital can be set aside whereby it is made possible to
change the project development requirement in case needed. This helps to deliver good quality of
services to large number of buyers and accordingly accomplish all related activities in a right
manner. On a critical note, wrong estimation was done on the Wembley stadium project was not
right. This was the biggest reason behind the delay in the project and affected. whereby it
becomes easy to cater requirement of all related parties and project in an effectual manner. In
addition to this, alternative ways of the financing must be decided in advance so that company
can address the issue related to scarcity of resources and meet the expectations of all associated
parties.
Time as another important factor of the triple triangle where all project have different
time line. Here, timeline of the project is considered in accordance with the several formal and
informal factors. It consists of workers associated with project or site through which they can
successfully accomplishing the project in relatively less time span. Time management of the
project determines its success whereby scheduling is done through project managers so as to
estimate the proper time for each project management step (Blomquist, Farashah and Thomas,
2016). Though, time management covers all activities such as acquisitions of raw material and
making the available to the site. However, the case study of Wembley stadium reflects that delay
was caused due to poor time management and accordingly it was stretched to 5 years. It could
have been completed in less time.
In addition to this, scope of the project was also considered but still it leads to failure of
the same. Here, scope of the project was considered in accordance with economic and
technological changes. For example, construction project consider the economic changes that
inflation and recession tend to affect the performance of the business to a great extent (Sökmen
and Çebi, 2017). Owing to this, price of fuel might be increased which has significant impact on
the material or transportation. This affects the performance of the project and in turn cost and
time must be focused. The project related to Wembley stadium shed light on time and cost so as
to effectively management the project related activities. On a critical note, in-spite of appropriate
procedure related to quality, initial used raw material was of low quality. This affected the
performance of the project. Thus, time, cost and scope of the project related to Wembley stadium
was not decided effectively which in turn failure was occurred to the project.

METHODOLOGIES AND PROCESSES
There are several kind of project management methodologies which are selected in
accordance with requirement of the project. As per the selected project of Wembley stadium
following mentioned project management methodologies and processes are used for the success
of the project- Critical path method-This method is used for the reduction of the time taken to complete
the project. Under this, all activities of project are presented with the help of Gantt chart
so that management team can come to know about taken for each activity. Using the gantt
chart take related to allocation of resources and responsibilities also become quite easier.
The next step of forming the gantt chart is of critical path where longest path to complete
the project in shortest duration is identified. Here, project management put efforts to
reduce the time require to complete the project with association of highly skilled
workforce along with advanced technologies. It contributes towards increase flow speed
of competing the project (Richardm, Sorooshian and Shariman, 2016). Furthermore,
critical path method is also applied other techniques related to crashing through which
strategies related to cost reduction is applied along with further reduction in the time. It is
made possible by competing several activities together. In this manner, business can
effectively contribute towards the success of the project and ensure the increase overall
rate of return and short time span. The critical path method is graphical representation of
the activities covered under the Wembley stadium project so as to focus on increasing the
efficiency and effectiveness of the project in an effectual manner. It leads to reduce the
cost and time both and complete the respective project on right time. It can be critically
evaluated that the major reason behind failure of the Wembley stadium is of
inappropriate allocation of time for each activities of the project (Martinelli and
Milosevic, 2016). However, it is also important to provide the training among personnel
so they can work upon several activities together with target to meet the timescale
allotted for the project. Similarly, PERT is also the appropriate technique through which
appropriate path is decided in the project.
 Total quality management-The process applied for the success of the project is total
quality management under which six different aspects are focused. It consists different

elements such as culture, cooperation and customer focus. Along with that, control,
commitment and continuous improvement. For this purpose, culture of team is
maintained and followed under team members are encouraged to follow the set standard
and support project. For example, focus is laid on specific requirement of customers
related to their comfort and basic facilities related to water and eatables in the stadium.
On the other hand, commitment towards quality remains at the center of the project under
which personnel get to know about the parameters set for the Wembley stadium project.
However, earlier team did not follow such kind of approach and workforce were not
supported properly due to exclusion of highly skilled personnel (Heagney, 2016). Owing
to this, project failure was caused. In addition to this, continuous improvement is done as
per the changing environment and requirement in accordance with current era. This is
helpful for the successful completion of the project. Though cooperation must be
provided from each member associated in the project team. This leads to long run success
and growth and contribute towards higher rate of return out of the completion of the
project. Apart from this, controlling is done with better monitoring and evaluation. This
proves to be effective to understand the issue of the project and address the same by using
suitable strategy.
SUCCESS AND FAILURE
There are several factors caused failure of the project such as inclusion of less skilled
personnel in the project. For example, bidding process was the most problematic due to
consideration to the lowest bidder and accordingly project was given. On a critical note, quality
of the project affected to a great extent and use of financial resources was increased at the same
time. For this purpose, project management must take suitable action to select the appropriate
personnel who can utilize the limited time in a most effective manner (Project Failure –
Wembley Stadium, 2017). Furthermore, issue of communication was another significant barriers
which affected the success of the project. For this purpose, it is important to shed light on the
important task related to the project and accordingly take the suitable action. It is affect for the
business to support the management related activities by providing the important information
among personnel of the project. However, the chances of the conflicts is also reduce with the
help of clear communication only.

For this purpose, it is very important for the project management to select the right kind
of suppliers to provide the raw material on right time with cost effective transportation mode.
This in turn management can ensure the utilize the limited resources in an effectual manner. In
addition to this, personnel associated with the project should be provided timely training
(Alotaibi and Mafimisebi, 2016). It can be made possible by shedding light on the requirement of
the project and capabilities of the same. This proves to be effective to determine the long run
success of the project and accordingly meet the long as well as short term objectives of the
related parties. Apart from this, quality parameters and resources allocation of the project must
be done or defined appropriately so as to complete the project in a successful manner.
CONCLUSION
The aforementioned report concludes that management project contribute towards
maintaining the quality and reducing the cost. It is done by using appropriate techniques such as
critical path method and other related advanced technologies. It proves to be effective to meet the
expectations of related parties. It can also be concluded that public project must be completed by
focusing upon transparency and proper accountability of the associated or suitable personnel.
However, issues related to team must be resolved effectively through the proper communication
so as to determine the success of the project. Apart from this, resources available and delegation
of authority should also be made possible with the help of project management. In addition to
this, cost allocation can be done effectively with the objective to reduce the time and ensure the
effectiveness of the project.

REFERENCES
Journals and books
Alotaibi, A.B. and Mafimisebi, O.P., 2016. Project Management Practice: Redefining
Theoretical Challenges in the 21st Century. Project Management. 7(1).
Heagney, J., 2016. Fundamentals of project management. AMACOM Div American Mgmt
Assn.
Richard, H.A., Sorooshian, S. and Shariman, M., 2016. Lean Construction: An Effective
Approach for Project Management. ARPN Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences.
11(3). pp.1607-1612.
Martinelli, R.J. and Milosevic, D.Z., 2016. Project management toolbox: tools and techniques
for the practicing project manager. John Wiley & Sons.
Bresnen, M., 2016. Institutional development, divergence and change in the discipline of project
management. International journal of project management. 34(2). pp.328-338.
Patanakul, P. and et. al., 2016. Agile Project Execution. Project Management ToolBox, Second
Edition, pp.301-322.
Sökmen, N. and Çebi, F., 2017. Decision-Tree Models for Predicting Time Performance in
Software-Intensive Projects. International Journal of Information Technology Project
Management (IJITPM). 8(2). pp.64-86.
Blomquist, T., Farashah, A.D. and Thomas, J., 2016. Project management self-efficacy as a
predictor of project performance: Constructing and validating a domain-specific
scale. International Journal of Project Management. 34(8). pp.1417-1432.
Paquin, J.P., Gauthier, C. and Morin, P.P., 2016. The downside risk of project portfolios: The
impact of capital investment projects and the value of project efficiency and project risk
management programmes. International Journal of Project Management. 34(8). pp.1460-
1470.
Lakemond, N. and et. al., 2016. Match and manage: the use of knowledge matching and project
management to integrate knowledge in collaborative inbound open innovation. Industrial
and Corporate Change. 25(2). pp.333-352.
Kivilä, J., Martinsuo, M. and Vuorinen, L., 2017. Sustainable project management through
project control in infrastructure projects. International Journal of Project Management.

Online
£750m bill turns Wembley into a new Dome. 2017. [Online]. Available through:
<http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-139693/750m-turns-Wembley-new-
Dome.html>. [Accessed on 10th April 2017].
Project Failure – Wembley Stadium. 2017. [Online]. Available through:
<https://strategicppm.wordpress.com/2011/01/17/project-failure-wembley-stadium/>.
[Accessed on 10th April 2017].