Understanding Management Accounting Concepts

This assignment delves into the multifaceted world of management accounting. It examines critical issues surrounding the theoretical underpinnings and practical applications of management accounting concepts. The analysis considers the challenges and complexities inherent in bridging the gap between theory and practice within this field. Additionally, the assignment explores the influence of regulatory interventions, such as those implemented by UEFA in European football, on accounting quality. Furthermore, it investigates the evolving role of knowledge management in shaping contemporary management accounting practices.

Management Accounting

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................3
TASK 1............................................................................................................................................3
Question 1....................................................................................................................................3
a. Classifying cost in terms of fixed, variable and semi-variable................................................3
b. Explaining other ways of cost classification...........................................................................3
TASK 2............................................................................................................................................5
Question 2....................................................................................................................................5
a. Computing total and unit cost at different production level....................................................5
b. Analyzing cost data through graphical presentation................................................................6
Question 3....................................................................................................................................6
Computing inventory by using various methods.........................................................................6
a. First in, first out \.....................................................................................................................6
b. Last-in first out........................................................................................................................7
c. Average cost method................................................................................................................8
Question 4....................................................................................................................................9
Preparing a report of cost of goods sold in accordance with different methods..........................9
Question 5....................................................................................................................................9
a. Evaluating critical success factors and associated them with suitable performance indicators
.....................................................................................................................................................9
b.................................................................................................................................................10
1. Assessing the manner in which cost can be reduced.............................................................10
2. Presenting the ways to enhance quality.................................................................................11
TASK 2..........................................................................................................................................11
Question 6..................................................................................................................................11

a. Definition of budget...............................................................................................................11
b. Purpose of budgets.................................................................................................................12
c. Assessing the different methods of budget preparation and suggesting the most suitable one
for Smart looks..........................................................................................................................12
Question7...................................................................................................................................14
a. Sales budget...........................................................................................................................14
b. Production budget..................................................................................................................14
c. Raw material budgets.............................................................................................................14
d. Labor budgets........................................................................................................................15
e. Total overhead budget............................................................................................................15
Question 8..................................................................................................................................16
Preparing cash budget for Smart Looks for the year ended at 30th June 2017...........................16
TASK 3..........................................................................................................................................17
Question 9..................................................................................................................................17
a. Calculating budgeted profit for March 2017.........................................................................17
b. Computation of actual profit..................................................................................................17
c. Calculating material and labor sub-variances........................................................................17
d. Preparing an operating statement reconciled budget and actual profit..................................18
Question 10................................................................................................................................18
Explaining reason behind the deviations and giving recommendations for improvement........18
CONCLUSION..............................................................................................................................19
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................21

INTRODUCTION
Management accounting may be served as a decision making tool which in turn provides
manager with the valuable input. Hence, by undertaking the reports of budget, cost and profit
business unit can develop highly strategic and competent policy framework. Managerial
accounting reports help in getting deeper insight about the monetary position and performance.
Hence, by making evaluation of the departmental performance in both monetary and non-
monetary terms higher management team can take significant action for improvement. This
project report is based on the case situation of Smart Looks that offers clothes or apparel to the
customers. In this, report will furnish information regarding the manner in which cost can be
classified and presented. Besides this, it will also shed light on the different types of inventory
valuation methods and techniques. Further, report also develops understanding about the various
budgeting tools and techniques which in turn facilitates optimum use of financial resources.
TASK 1
Question 1
a. Classifying cost in terms of fixed, variable and semi-variable
Categorization of costs incurred by Smart Looks is as follows:
Cost Category
Material for clothes Variable
Factory rent Fixed
Power for sewing machines in factory Semi-variable
Telephone expenses Semi-variable
Office rates Fixed
Delivery drivers Semi-variable
Factory heating Variable

b. Explaining other ways of cost classification
Cost implies for the money which business unit incurs to manufacture and offer products
or services to the customers. Assessment of suitable cost is the prior requirement which in turn
helps business unit in determining suitable price of the products or services offered. Moreover,
by dividing the total cost from the number of units produced business unit can determine unit
price. Hence, by considering such aspect it can be stated Smart looks can set suitable price of
clothes by identifying the cost level (Baldvinsdottir, Mitchell and Nørreklit, 2010). To carry out
business operations and functions smoothly firm has to incur several cost which can be classified
in following categories:
On the basis of type
 Material: It implies for the cost which business unit incurs for getting raw material to
manufacture clothes. In the context of Smart looks cost of raw fabric is considered as
direct material cost.
 Labor: It presents the cost of the labor time which in spent by them to manufacture the
product (Modell, 2010). Thus, in Smart Looks, labor cost implies for the wages paid by
the firm to labors related to their work.
 Overhead: Cost which is incurred except material and labor is known as overhead cost.
Such expenditure of firm includes promotional, insurance and others which are required
to carry out smooth functioning.
On the basis of traceability
 Direct cost: Such cost is also known as prime which is directly associated with the
production or manufacturing aspect. Hence, material, wages of the workers etc are
termed as direct cost.
 Indirect cost: In order to ensure smooth functioning of business operations and functions
firm has to incur various cost such as advertising, depreciation, maintenance etc.
On the basis of behavior

 Fixed cost: Rent of building, salaries of personnel etc. are the main examples of fixed
cost. Hence, fixed cost is the one which remains same at each level and does not affect
from the output produced.
 Semi-variable cost: It may be served as one which remains fixed at specific at specific
level of production and becomes variable after certain level (Lukka and Modell, 2010).
Electricity, insurance expenses come under the category of semi-variable cost.
 Variable cost: Unlike fixed cost, variable expenses are the one which in turn highly
influences from the output produced. Hence, electricity, material cost are the examples
of variable cost which in turn closely influences the cost on the basis of output and
thereby profitability aspect. Thus, variable costs closely affected in accordance with the
output level.
Hence, all such are the main costs which Smart Look has to incur for manufacturing the
clothes to the customers.
TASK 2
Question 2
a. Computing total and unit cost at different production level
Total cost assessment
Units
manufactured Material Labor Fixed cost
Total
cost
Unit cost
(TC/Units
produced)
15000 75000 90000 50000
21500
0
£215,000/15,00
0
= £14.33
20000 100000 120000 50000
27000
0
£270,000/20,00
0
= £13.50
25000 125000 150000 50000 32500
0
£325,000/25,00
0

= £13.00
b. Analyzing cost data through graphical presentation
The above mentioned graphs clearly show that unit cost decreases significantly in
accordance with the level of output produced. The reason behind this, when more units are
manufactured then fixed cost divided to a great extent. Hence, it can be stated that cost level
decreases significantly in line with the number of units manufactured.

Question 3
Computing inventory by using various methods
a. First in, first out \
In accordance to such method Smart Looks lay high level of emphasis on selling product
which is first purchased by the company (Swarr and et.al., 2011).
Date Items
Purchase Sale Closing stock
Units
Pric
e
Produc
t
Unit
s Price
Produc
t
Janua
ry -1
Opening
inventor
y 500U £20
£10,00
0 500 @ 20 £10,000
Janua
ry -18
Goods
purchase 800U £24
£19,20
0
500 @ 20
800 @ 24
£29,200
Janua
ry -25
Goods
Purchase 700U £26
£18,20
0
500 @ 20
800 @ 24
700 @2 6
£47,400
Janua
ry -25 Sales 500 £20
£10,00
0
800 £24
£19,20
0
100 £26 £2,600
1400
£31,80
0

Janua
ry -31
Ending
stock
600 @ 26 £15,600
b. Last-in first out
On the basis of such method, clothing retailer should give priority of selling the unit
which is manufactured by the firm later (Dimitropoulos, Leventis and Dedoulis, 2016).
Date Items
Purchase Sale Closing stock
Units
Pric
e4
per
unit
Produc
t Units
Pric
e
per
unit
Produc
t
1st
Janua
ry
Opening
inventor
y 500 £20
£10,00
0 500 @ 20 £10,000
18th
Janua
ry
Goods
purchase 800 £24
£19,20
0
500 @ 20
800 @ 24
£29,200
25th
Janua
ry
Goods
Purchase 700 £26
£18,20
0
500 @ 20
800 @ 24
700 @ 26
£47,400
25th
Janua
ry Sales 700 £26
£18,20
0
700 £24
£16,80
0
1400 £35,00

0
Jan-
31
Closing
stock
100 @ 24
500 @ 20
£12,400
c. Average cost method
Date Items
Purchase Sale Closing stock
Units
Pric
e Product Units
Pric
e
Produc
t Units Price
Produ
ct
Jan-1
Opening
inventory 500U £20 £10,000 500 20
£10,00
0
Jan-
18
Goods
purchase 800U £24 £19,200
1,300 29,200/1300
= 22.46
£29,20
0
Jan-
25
Goods
Purchase 700U £26 £18,200
2,000 47,400/2000
= 23.7
£47,40
0
Jan-
25 Sales 1400 23.7 £33,180
Jan-
31
Ending
stock
600 23.7 14,220
Question 4
Preparing a report of cost of goods sold in accordance with different methods
Items FIFO LIFO AC method
Units Price COGS Units Price COGS Units Price COGS
Sales on 500U £20 £10,000 700U £26 £18,200 1400U £23.7 £33,180

Jabn-25 800U £24 £19,200 700U £24 £16,800
100U £26 £2,600
COGS 1400 £31,800 1400U £35,000 1400U £23.7 £33,180
Question 5
a. Evaluating critical success factors and associated them with suitable performance indicators
Elements Critical success factors Performance indicators
Customer experience To make better the customer
experience Smart Looks will
place emphasis on price and
quality. The rationale behind this,
customers prefer to purchase
clothes from the retailer who
charges lower prices and
maintain high quality.
By making comparison of the
current sales and profit figure
with the past firm can assess the
extent to it has attained success.
Supplier and product quality Maintenance of better supplier
relation and employment of
TQM techniques will offer
positive benefits to the firm.
Smart looks can evaluate the
level of customer satisfaction by
taking feedbacks from them
regarding quality.
Operations efficiency By appointing highly skilled
personnel and employing latest
equipments or machinery firm
can enhance operational
efficiency (Barrett, 2014).
Performance of Smart Looks
operations can be assessed
through making comparison of
actual output and quality of
clothes in against to the planned
output.
Reducing Maintenance
spending
Budgeting and effectual usage
are the key indicators which in
turn helps in reducing the level of
maintenance spending to a great
extent.
Smart looks can measure the
level of spending by making
comparison of actual
performance with budgeted
figures. This in turn helps I
making evaluation of spending

level of firm in an effectual way.
Cost reduction and profit
maximization
Low cost supplier and efficient
personnel team assists in
reducing the cost level and helps
in maximizing profit to a great
extent.
Cost and profit performance can
be evaluated through employing
variance analysis technique
(Lehman, 2013).
Hence, by following all the above mentioned critical success factors and adopting
performance indicators Smart looks can achieve success in the strategic business environment.
b.
1. Assessing the manner in which cost can be reduced
By employing budgeting technique Smart Looks can monitor the performance of each
department in an effectual way. Moreover, by making evaluation of actual performance in
against to the budgeted figures Smart Looks can identify the department which accounts for high
expenses. Hence, by taking strategic action or measure firm can make control on high expenses
(Holsapple, 2013). For instance: it has been assessed by the manager of Smart looks that
promotional expenses of the firm was higher as compared to budgeted amount. In this, by
assessing the cost effective means of promotion Smart Look can control on such deviation.
Besides this, by providing each level department with budget business unit can encourage
personnel to perform accordingly. In addition to this, by giving target to each responsibility
centre Smart looks can meet budgeted figures. Thus, by undertaking all such actions clothing
retailer can exert control on cost and thereby would become able to attain high profit margin.
2. Presenting the ways to enhance quality
In the recent times, decision making aspect of the individuals is highly influenced from
the quality of fabrics offered. Hence, Smart Looks is required to employ total quality
management system. Moreover, in this, all the members of an organization makes their efforts to
identify the level of defects take place in products or services and thereby helps in improving the
level of quality. TQM technique lays high level of emphasis on customer satisfaction and thereby
helps in enhancing the quality of fabrics significantly. It is the long term approach which in turn
makes remarkable contribution in the attainment of organizational growth and success (Ball,
2013). Moreover, according to TQM approach business unit focuses on identifying defects at

each level of manufacturing. Hence, it is a customer centric approach which in turn helps in
maximizing the quality and thereby assists in attracting more customers.
TASK 2
Question 6
a. Definition of budget
Budget may be defined as a financial framework or estimation of income and expenditure
pertaining to specified time frame. Hence, with the motive to attain quantitative goals and
objectives Smart Looks lay high level of emphasis on preparing monetary plan. In budget,
business entity records revenue by making assessment of all the business activities and functions
(Muflih, 2016). On the other side, manager of the firm also makes evaluation of expenses which
they need to incur during the specified time frame. Thus, it can be stated that budget is the
quantitative expressions of firm’s activities or planning.
b. Purpose of budgets
Budgeting is highly significant which in turn offers several benefits to the business
organization in terms of optimum utilization of funds. Hence, Smart Looks focuses on preparing
budget by taking into account the following purposes or objectives:
 Monitoring: By preparing budget business unit can make evaluation and monitoring of
departmental performance. Hence, manager of Smart looks can assess deviations by
making comparison of actual performance in against to the budgeted figures. Hence,
such evaluation gives input for decision making and assists in identifying the training
and development need of personnel (Nawaz, 2013). In this way, budget enables firm to
take strategic action for making improvement in deviations and thereby helps in
attaining success.
 Effective communication: budget provides deeper insight to the personnel about the
funds which they need to spend while carry out business activities and functions.
Hence, budget helps in making control on high spending level and thereby facilitates
optimum utilization of funds. In this way, such technique aid in communication with
senior management to the significant level.

 Along with this, budget motivates personnel towards the achievement of organizational
goals by providing them with clear and precise instructions. In addition to this, budget
is prepared by the firm to avoid contingent situation (Purpose of budgeting, 2017).
Moreover, budget provides high level of assistance in making co-ordination between
several activities (Otley and Emmanuel, 2013). Thus, by determining the effectual
relationship between cost and revenue to the large extent.
c. Assessing the different methods of budget preparation and suggesting the most suitable one
for Smart looks
Several types of budgeting tools and techniques are available to Smart Looks which can
be used by the firm for budget preparation is as follows:
 Zero base budgeting: Under such budgeting technique, manager starts with making
evaluation of the activities which they need to perform during the specified time frame.
In this, manager does not undertake figures of previous budgeting framework and starts
with zero base. Once all the activities pertaining to the specified time have identified
thereafter manager makes efforts to find out suitable ways for performing activities.
Hence, manager tries to identify each alternative option to perform activities in a cost
effectual way (Park, Oh and Kim, 2014). Thus, it can be said that zero base technique
facilitates optimum allocation of funds and thereby helps in setting suitable framework.
 Fixed budget: Such budget implies for the framework which does not change or flex on
the increase or decrease in activities. It is also known as static budget because it does not
influence from the activities. Fixed budgets are based on the set volume of sales or
revenue to a great extent (Lehman, 2013). Hence, all the expenses are planned out by the
manager through considering the sales volume or revenue. This budget helps company in
keeping cost down by making continuous evaluation of performance level.
 Variable budget: It is also termed as dynamic and step budget which varies according to
the level of output produced. In the present times, it is not possible for the business unit
to make proper assessment of market conditions and trend. Hence, by preparing variable
budget firm can set suitable goals for the managers of each responsibility centre (Flexed
budget, 2017). Along with it, business unit can also make suitable changes in the budget
framework by considering the current trend.

 Activity based budgeting: It is one of the most effectual modern budgeting techniques
which provide high level of assistance to the manager in allocating overhead cost. In this,
business entity is required to primarily assess cost driver and thereby determines suitable
relationship with amount. Hence, by determining relationship of business activities with
amount incurred firm can present fair view of monetary plan. ABB tool is highly
significant which in turn helps in makings suitable allocation of overhead expenses.
By taking into account all the above aspects it is advised to Smart looks to employ zero base
budgeting technique. It is one of the most effectual techniques which in turn enables firm to
prepare highly competent framework and thereby make effective use of funds. Zero base
budgeting technique helps in avoiding redundant activities to a great extent. Further, efficiency
of business process can be enhanced the means of such budgeting technique. By employing such
modern means of budgeting technique Smart Looks can prepare suitable monetary plan.
Question7
a. Sales budget
Sales budget provides deeper insight about the revenue which business unit needs to
generate by offering clothes to the customers (Sales budget, 2017). By preparing such budget
Smart Looks can set suitable benchmark for responsibility centre.
Particulars April May June
Sales (in units) 2000 1500 2500
Price per unit 30 30 30
Total sales 60000 45000 75000
b. Production budget
Such budgeting framework helps in identifying the units which business unit should
produce during the specific time frame. Hence, by assessing the level of such units produced
Smarts Look can meet the demand of individuals to a great extent (Ball, 2013).
Particulars April May June
Budgeted sales unit 2000 1500 2500

Planned ending units 150 250 100
2150 1750 2600
Less: Beginning units 100 150 250
Planned production in units 2050 1600 2350
c. Raw material budgets
For ensuring the smooth functioning of the business operations and functions business
unit requires enough material. In this, by making assessment of raw material required in terms of
value Smart Looks can make highly competent plan in monetary terms (Holsapple, 2013).
Raw material budget from April to June is enumerated below:
Particulars April May June
Planned production in units 2050 1600 2350
Direct material per unit 5 5 5
Direct material required of production 10250 8000 11750
Add: Ending inventory 750 1000 1200
Less: Beginning inventory 500 750 1000
10500 8250 11950
Cost per unit 1.5 1.5 1.5
Budgeted raw material purchase amount 15750 12375 17925
d. Labor budgets
This budget serves information about the hours which will be spent by the labor in the
manufacturing operations. Hence, by multiplying planned unit with labor hours per unit total
time can be assessed (Nawaz, 2013). Along with this, by multiplying the budgeted hours with
cost per unit Smart looks can assess the direct budgeted labor cost in an effectual way. Hence, by
following such budgeting framework business unit can make effectual use of manpower.
Particulars April May June
Planned production in units 2050 1600 2350
Direct labor hours per unit 1.5 1.5 1.5
Budgeted direct labor hour 3075 2400 3525
Cost per unit direct labor hour 6 6 6
Budgeted direct labor cost 18450 14400 21150

e. Total overhead budget
Overhead budget furnishes information about the additional variable expenses which
business unit needs to incur for performing activities in the best possible way (Muflih, 2016). By
considering the information cited in case situation following overhead budget has been drafted.
Particulars April May June Quarter
Production (In
units)
2050 1600 2350 6000
Direct labor hours 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5
Total hours
required
3075 2400 3525 9000
Variable
Overhead rate
3 3 3 3
Total variable
overhead
9225 7200 10575 27000
Fixed overhead 2000 2000 2000 6000
Total labor
budget
11225 9200 12575 33000
Question 8
Preparing cash budget for Smart Looks for the year ended at 30th June 2017
Cash budget may be defined as financial plan or framework which renders information
about receipts and expenses. Hence, such budgeting framework is highly significant which in
turn helps in assessing the extent to budgeted performance has met (Park, Oh and Kim, 2014).

Hence, by preparing cash budget and circulating it at each level Smart Looks can make effectual
use of money.
Particulars April May June Total
Receipt Receipts
Opening cash 1200 -13612.5 27725
receipts Cash from
sales
60000 45000 105000
Total receipts 1200 46387.5 72725 120312.5
Payments
Payments Fixed
overhead
2000 46387.5 72725 120312.5
Raw materials 8200 8450 11000 27650
Variable
overhead
4612.5 8212.5 8887.5 21712.5
Total
payments
14812.5 18662.5 21887.5 55302.5
Closing
balance
-13612.5 27725 50837.5

TASK 3
Question 9
a. Calculating budgeted profit for March 2017
Particulars
Budgete
d figures
Actual
figures
Varianc
e
Direct material 5 4.65 .35
Direct labour 6 6.25 -2.5
Fixed production cost 12500 12500 0
Budgeted sales (in units) 5000 4800 200
Selling price 87.6 87.6 0
Sales (in £) 438000
42048
0 17520
Profit 73000 70080 2920
The above mentioned shows that budgeted profit margin is £73000 respectively which
accounts for the 20% of sales revenue.
b. Computation of actual profit
By considering the above depicted table it can be said that actual profit margin is £70080
significantly. In comparison to the budgeted figure actual margin is lower because 4800 units
were sold by Smarts Looks rather than 5000.
c. Calculating material and labor sub-variances
Material variance
Particulars
Budgete
d figures
Actual
figures
Varianc
e
Material cost variance (per mtrs cost) 5 4.65 0.35
Material usage variance (in £) 30000 30400 -400
Total material variance (in £) 150000
14136
0 8640
Labor variance
Particulars
Budgete
d figures
Actual
figures
Varianc
e
Labor cost variance (per hour in £) 6 99000
/
-0.25

15840
= 6.25
Labor efficiency variance (in hours) 15000 15840 -840
Total labor variance
5000 *
18 =
90000
4800 *
20.63
=
99000 -9000
Working note
Particulars Figures
Fixed production cost (per unit) 25
Direct material cost (per unit) 30
Direct labor cost (per unit) 18
Total cost 73
Profit (cost per unit * 20%) 14.6
Selling price per unit 87.6
d. Preparing an operating statement reconciled budget and actual profit
Reconciliation statement
Particulars Variance
Total material variance 8640F
Total labor variance (9000)
Sales variance (17520)
Profit variance (2920)
Question 10
Explaining reason behind the deviations and giving recommendations for improvement
From variance analysis, it has been assessed that there are several area which in turn
requires improvement for getting the desired level of outcome or success.

 Material variance: From assessment, it has been identified that material usage variance
occurred amounted to -£400 respectively. It shows that Smart looks failed to make
optimum use of material. Along with this, total cost variance occurred positively because
price of raw material decreased from £5 to £4.65 per mtr. Thus, reduce the material usage
variance Smart looks required to undertake strategic action for improvement.
 Labor variance: By doing investigation, it has been found that due to rise in per hour
labor price and hours negative variance amounted to £9000 identified. The above
depicted table shows that efficiency level of individuals decreased significantly because
more hours were taken by labors to manufacture 4800 units. Hence, for making
improvement in the monetary and non-monetary aspects Smart Looks is required to take
strategic action within the suitable time frame.
 Profit variance: From variance analysis, it has been assessed that clothing retailer fails
to generate margin in line with the budgeted figures. Profit variance accounts for £2920
respectively. Hence, company is required to make efforts for making improvement in
profit margin or level.
 Sales variance: Positive variance of £17520 found because Smart looks sold only 4800
units rather than 5000. This is not a good indicator because lower actual revenue as
compared to the budgeted figure closely influences the profit margin as well as financials
of the firm. \
Actions for improvement
 To raise the efficiency level of personnel Smart Looks is required to organize training
session. Hence, by conducting motivational session firm can encourage personnel to
make their best efforts while carry out business activities and functions. Thus, by
motivating personnel Smart Looks can reduce the level of variance significantly.
 Further, business should organize small session for providing instructions to the
personnel about how to manufacture clothes (Swarr and et.al., 2011). In this way, by
giving proper guidance to the personnel Smart looks can make effectual use of material.
 To meet the budgeted sales figures Smart looks should make focus on promotional
activities or campaign. By giving advertisement about latest fashion apparel clothing
retailer such as Smart Looks can attract large number of people (Dimitropoulos, Leventis

and Dedoulis, 2016). In this way, by enticing the decision making aspect of individual’s
Smart looks can generate appropriate sales revenue and profit margin.
CONCLUSION
From the above report, it has been concluded that Smart Look should lays emphasis on
making assessment of cost level. By doing this, firm can set suitable price and thereby would
become able to attract more customers. Along with this, it has been articulated that budgeting
plays a vital role in making\ effectual use of funds. It can be revealed from the report zero base
technique is highly effectual which in turn helps in framing realistic budget. Besides this, it can
be inferred that budget enables firm to make comparison of current performance in against to
planned output. Hence, by timely make evaluation of variances and their causes Smart Looks can
attain success. It can be summarized that by coordinating various types of budget with each other
clothing retailer can avoid undesirable activities. It can be seen in report that by undertaking total
quality management system Smart Looks can build, maintain and enhance quality to a great
extent.

REFERENCES
Books and Journals
Baldvinsdottir, G., Mitchell, F. and Nørreklit, H., 2010. Issues in the relationship between theory
and practice in management accounting. Management Accounting Research. 21(2). pp.79-82.
Ball, R., 2013. Accounting informs investors and earnings management is rife: Two questionable
beliefs. Accounting Horizons. 27(4). pp.847-853.
Barrett, M.H., Global 9-Times-5, Llc, 2014. Managing and accounting for privacy settings
through tiered cookie set access. U.S. Patent Application 14/211,345.
Dimitropoulos, P., Leventis, S. and Dedoulis, E., 2016. Managing the European football
industry: UEFA’s regulatory intervention and the impact on accounting quality. European
Sport Management Quarterly, pp.1-28.
Holsapple, C. ed., 2013. Handbook on knowledge management 1: Knowledge matters (Vol. 1).
Springer Science & Business Media.
Lehman, C.R., 2013. Managing Reality: Accountability and the Miasma of Private and Public
Domains (Vol. 16). Emerald Group Publishing.
Lukka, K. and Modell, S., 2010. Validation in interpretive management accounting research.
Accounting, Organizations and Society. 35(4). pp.462-477.
Modell, S., 2010. Bridging the paradigm divide in management accounting research: The role of
mixed methods approaches. Management Accounting Research. 21(2). pp.124-129.
Muflih, M., 2016. CASH BUDGET DALAM SISTEM BISNIS SYARIAH. Economica. 5(1).
pp.61-76.
Nawaz, M., 2013. An Insight Into the Two Costing Technique: Absorption Costing and Marginal
Costing. BRAND. Broad Research in Accounting, Negotiation, and Distribution. 4(1). pp.48-
61.