Structure and Function of Male and Female Reproductive System

This poster provides an overview of the structure and function of the male and female reproductive system, including the stages of reproduction, hormone regulation, and methods of managing reproduction in humans. It explains how the male reproductive system produces, maintains, and transports sperm and semen, while the female reproductive system secretes and sustains female sex cells and provides a suitable environment for the fetus to grow. The poster also discusses how hormones regulate human reproductive processes and evaluates various methods of managing reproduction in the human body.

Reproductive
system
Description of structure and function of male and female reproductive system.
Male reproductive system: The reproductive system is generally a series of the organs specifically positioned outside
the human body as well as around the pelvic area. The prime functioning of the male reproductive system is to provide
the spermatozoa or male gametes in order to fertilize with ovum. The reproductive system is specifically grouped into
the three major components and are as mentioned below;
Production of sperm and its storage: The production of sperms can specifically takes place within the testes,
generally housed in the scrotum which can effectively regulates the temperature needed for the synthesis of sperm. In
addition to this, the immature sperms then further travel to the epididymis for further growth and storage as well
(Overview of the Male and Female Reproductive Systems, 2020).
The ejaculatory fluid-producing glands: These such glands can involve prostate, seminal vesicles and vas deferns
Copulation and deposition of spermatozoa within female reproductive system: It can involve urethra, penis,
Cowper's gland and vas deferens as well.
Only the Homo sapiens can include a distinctive mushroom-capped glans, that is generally
associated with the shaft of the male reproductive organ by a thin tissue of frenulum. In addition to this, one of the most
essential characteristics of the male reproductive system is the coronal ridge generally beneath the gland around the
borderline of the shaft.
Function: The male reproductive system can produce, maintain as well as can transport the sperm and semen which a
protective fluid surrounds the sperm. It can efficiently discharge the sperms within female reproductive tract. It can
secrete the male sex hormones as well.
Female reproductive system: The reproductive organ system is generally a series of the organs principally positioned
within the human body as well as around the pelvic area. The human female reproductive system can include the three
main components and are as discussed below;
Vagina: Within Human female reproductive system, vagina leads from the vulva, which is the opening of the vagina
towards uterus.
Uterus: It can specifically holds the developing or growing foetus.
Ovaries: The ovaries are the female reproductive organ and can produce the ova to fertilize with sperm.
Furthermore, breast is also a female reproductive organ system during parenting, but it is generally
not considered as a part of female reproductive system. The vagina can meet outside at vulva, that can involve labia
majora, labia minora, clitoris and urethra. During the sexual intercourse, this particular region is generally lubricated by
the mucus that is secreted by the Bartholin's gland. In addition to this, the vagina is connected within uterus via the
cervix, while the uterus is connected to the ovaries through the fallopian tubes.
Function: The female reproductive system can secrete as well as sustain the female sex cells such as ova or egg cells,
and then transport these such cells to the specific site where the egg can be fertilized by the sperms. The reproductive
system can also give a suitable environment for the foetus to grow, and can move the foetus to the external at the end of
the developmental period as well as can produce the female sex hormones.
Stages of reproduction in humans, together with methods
that these stages can be managed.
There are generally three main stages of
reproduction in the human being. A sexual reproduction can involve
a set of events and can be categorized into stages that are as
mentioned below:
Pre-fertilization: The Pre-fertilization stage can involve the specific
events earlier to the fertilization. The formation of gametes (known
as gametogenesis) and the transfer of the gametes are generally the
two processes which can take place during this stage. In this, the
gametes are generally the sex cells, that are haploid such as 23
chromosomes in nature as well as are well-defined in both female
and male as well. Furthermore, the male gamete is known as sperm
whereas, the female gamete is known as egg or ovum.
Fertilization: Formerly, the haploid female as well as male gametes
can meet as well as can fuse collaboratively in order to form zygote,
known as syngamy or fertilization. The fertilization can occur both
outside (external fertilization) and inside (internal fertilization) the
human body.
Post-fertilization: In the Post-fertilization, the outcomes of the
fertilization can involve formation of zygote. Finally, the zygote can
specifically divide mitotically and can develops as an embryo. The
whole process is known as Embryogenesis. During this phase, the
cell can differentiate as well as modifies accordingly. The
development of the zygote mainly depend on the particular organism
as well as its life cycle.

How hormones can regulate human reproductive processes
The both female and male reproductive cycles are significantly controlled
by the interaction of the hormones from the anterior pituitary and hypothalamus with
hormones from the reproductive tissues as well as the organs. Within both sexes, the
hypothalamus part of human brain can specifically monitors as well as can cause the
secretion of the hormones from the anterior pituitary gland. Whenever the reproductive
hormone is needed, the hypothalamus can direct a gonadotrophin-releasing hormone to the
anterior pituitary. It can specifically cause the secretion of the luteinizing hormone and a
follicle stimulating hormones from the anterior pituitary within the blood streams. Though,
these such hormones are particularly named after the specific functions within the female
reproduction, and are secreted in both the sexes as well as can play an essential role in
controlling the reproduction. In context with male hormone, the testosterone can
effectively stimulate the spermatogenesis process. The male hormone is generally
responsible for the secondary sexual features which are developed within males during
their adolescence period (Human Reproduction, 2018).
In context with female hormone, the oestrogen and progesterone are generally secreted
from the developing follicles. The hormones are responsible for the secondary sexual
features within female such as development of breast, less period for growth of bones, and
flaring of hips and so on.
Evaluation of various methods of
managing reproduction in human
body.
There are various methods of
managing the reproduction process within
human body such as assisted methods of
reproduction, ovulation induction, artificial
insemination, gamete intra-fallopian transfer
and many more.
Assisted methods of reproduction: It is
generally defined as every care treatment or the
operations which can involve the in vitro
management of both the sperm and oocytes for
having a intention of establishing a pregnancy.
Ovulation induction: It is quite beneficial
among female who have an-ovulatory or an
irregular ovulatory cycles.
Artificial insemination: It is also called as
intrauterine insemination. It is generally
recommended in a case where the actual cause
of female having healthy fallopian tube or in
male with erectile dysfunction that can hamper
the normal intimacy with female (Infertility,
Assisted Methods of Reproduction and
Hormonal, 2018).
Gamete intra-fallopian transfer: In this, the
ovum is get from the female and then inserted
within the layers of the male gamete such as
sperm and then inserted back into the fallopian
tube.
REFERENCES
Infertility, Assisted Methods of Reproduction and Hormonal, 2018 [Online] Available through: <
https://www.intechopen.com/chapters/65215>
Human Reproduction, 2018 [Online] Available through: <
https://opentextbc.ca/biology/chapter/13-3-human-reproduction/>
Overview of the Male and Female Reproductive Systems, 2020 [Online] Available through: <
https://med.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Anatomy_and_Physiology/Book%3A_Anatomy_and_Physiology_(Boundless)/2
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