Therapeutic Interventions After Spinal Cord Injury

This research paper discusses the different therapeutic interventions for spinal cord injury and their effectiveness. It emphasizes the need for combination strategies to improve outcomes.

RESEARCH PAPER
SUMMARY

TABLE OF CONTENTS
RESEARCH PAPER 1....................................................................................................................1
Topic: Therapeutic interventions after spinal cord injury...........................................................1
RESEARCH PAPER 2....................................................................................................................2
Topic: Precision electronic medicine in the brain.......................................................................2
RESEARCH PAPER 3....................................................................................................................3
Topic: Repair of neural pathways by olfactory ensheathing cells...............................................3

RESEARCH PAPER 1
Topic: Therapeutic interventions after spinal cord injury
Reference:
Thuret, S., Moon, L.D. and Gage, F.H., 2006. Therapeutic interventions after spinal cord
injury. Nature Reviews Neuroscience, 7(8), p.628.
Summary:
This research paper had laid emphasis on spinal cord injury after Therapeutic interventions.
SCI or Spinal Cord injury is one of the most severe injury that can lead to quadriplegia or
paraplegia. There are no permanent or temporary restorative treatment of SCI. Various kinds of
molecular therapies, cellular therapies, rehabilitative and many more have been tested on animals
but with no positive response. Not only this many of these researches have even reached or
approached to clinical trials. For this research paper various kinds of potential therapies have
been reviewed with an emphasis on reproducible evidence need of efficacy and safety. Individual
therapies discussed are more unlike to provide a solution or a remedy for this difficult Spinal
cord injury. So, this research paper will focus on providing various kinds of combination of
strategies that can lead to improvement of spinal cord injury outcomes. All the scientific research
done had provided a base for tailoring defined specific combination of different types of clinical
therapies of different types of SCI. It is a qualitative type of research paper in which secondary
research has been conducted. Various research papers of therapies for SCI have been reviewed
and validated in order to reach to a conclusion.
This research paper has also discussed various kinds of interventions but two main types of
interventions that this paper will focus on is Cellular therapeutic and Molecular therapeutic
intervention. First type of intervention discussed is Cellular therapeutic interventions. These
interventions are used to replace any kind of dead cells or bridge gap between cavities or cysts.
This intervention also helps in creation of flexible or favorable environment for regeneration of
a, axon. Another type of intervention discussed in this research paper is Molecular therapeutic
interventions which focuses on protecting all kinds of neurons from secondary cell death, this
also promote axonal growth and also helps in enhancement of conduction. Translation of such
molecular therapies to clinic and cellular therapies to the clinic also help in finding accurate or
advance treatment for spinal cord injuries and its effect. Other than this rehabilitative training
method has also been explained in this research paper that can help a person in improving their
1

locomotor function. This method can help in improving or enhancing the ability of spinally
transected or ability to walk on treadmill. With the help of the discussion in this research paper it
is clear that SCI is a serious and devastating condition that has no cure yet. All the therapies that
are being developed today and moving towards clinical trials. Further research have been done in
order to identify whether any of the above therapies can be used safely in order to bring
improvement within SCI condition or outcomes of SCI. All of these therapies are quire safe can
be practiced in independent laboratories so that cure of SCI and usage of these therapies can be
found out. So as per the information available in this research paper it can be said that
combination of these strategies can help in leading or bringing improvement in the outcomes of
different types of Spinal cord injuries i.e. cure of SCI can be identified by doing laboratory
research on different interventions and combining different interventions together and analyzing
results of all the combinations and effectiveness of these combinations.
RESEARCH PAPER 2
Topic: Precision electronic medicine in the brain
Reference:
Patel, S.R. and Lieber, C.M., 2019. Precision electronic medicine in the brain. Nature
biotechnology, 37(9), pp.1007-1012.
Summary:
This research paper had laid emphasis on Precision electronic medicine used in the brain.
Till today various kinds of researches have been carried out in the field of research from the field
of technology and science to other areas in order to reach to a conclusion or to produce
unparallel advances. Today this advancement in science and technology has grown to such an
extent that today most of the researchers are focusing on identifying or creating an interface
between electronic and nervous system. Advancement in this field is continuously expanding and
leading to various kinds of neuroscience fundamental advancements. These advancements have
helped in unlocking potential of implants capable of targeting cellular-level therapeutic.
Development or personalization of such electronic therapies has helps today’s medical science in
providing various kinds of new treatment modalities for any kind of neuropsychiatric or
neurodegenerative illness or disease. Development of powerful prosthetics and powerful control
over them has also helped in restoring restorative functions for various kinds of degenerative
2

diseases, amputation and trauma and even for human cognition augmentation. Other than this
development in tissue advancement such as electronics is also emerging which further enable
minimally invasive devices capable in establishment of cellular neural interface which is quite
stable and for longer term period. It can also help in providing long term treatment for various
kinds of chronic neurological conditions. This research paper is a qualitative type of research
paper in which secondary research has been conducted. Researcher have used their knowledge
and information related to Precision electronic medical treatment have been discussed for brain.
As per the discussion that took place in this research paper advancement in electronic neural
implants field has is quite composed which has further helped in guiding researchers to a new
base or new era of research, various kinds of therapeutic intervention have also been identified
and has further helped in identifying neuroscience applications in this field. The discussion and
perspective of the researcher have also helped in outlining and realizing precision electronic
medicine vision which has further helped highlighting main importance of electronics interface
and natural tissue for longer term implants such that they become immune-privileged and free
from any kind of response related to foreign body so that proper stimulation and recording of
individual neuron. As the advancement in technology is taking place a mental picture of high
density immune privileged interface is expanding an individual’s ability to study the brain like
never before. In future might scientific insight and advancement in technology will increase and
will be sufficient to stable the interface with human brain and mirror organization of the brain.
This will be mainly done by enhancing various approaches that are used in treating various
challenging diseases such as neuropsychiatric and neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer.
Further researches in this area can also help the researchers to prevent the declination of
cognitive capacities by exploring suitable position. It is important for the researchers to consider
all the ethical issues related to brain as it is one of the most sensitive organ of human that require
complete attention so that various effective treatments for neuropsychiatric and
neurodegenerative diseases can be developed.
RESEARCH PAPER 3
Topic: Repair of neural pathways by olfactory ensheathing cells
Reference:
3

Raisman, G. and Li, Y., 2007. Repair of neural pathways by olfactory ensheathing cells. Nature
Reviews Neuroscience, 8(4), p.312.
Summary:
This research paper had laid emphasis on repairing neural pathways by the use of olfactory
ensheathing cells. There are various factors that can dead to damage in nerve fiber pathways.
This damage can result in highly damaging loss of functions. This mainly occurs due to
disconnection in nerve fibers from their specified targets. But according to the researches done
till now sometimes recovery does occur by the formation of new connection as both of them are
corelated. potential resides untapped growth is mostly viewed in adults that can further lead to
various attempts of stimulation of repairing of disconnection injuries. This research paper will
focus on CNS after injury axonal regeneration failure is one of the main key factors that can
result in loss of glial pathways alignments which is required by nerve fibers for elongation.
cultured adult olfactory ensheathing cells transplantation within lesions. This factor has been
investigated in this paper to produce a re-established glial pathway permissive specifically for
regeneration of severed axons. This research paper is a qualitative type of research paper in
which secondary research has been conducted. Various research papers and research studies
conducted in this field have been carried out. Discussion in this paper has also helped in
pinpointing various kinds of defects in adults that can be because of decrease in ability of axons
because of which intrinsic development take place during maturation of adult neurons. Absence
of this adult neuron growth can result a result of unfavorable extrinsic input. Tissue environment
factors that can prevent axon regeneration is mostly indicated with the help of central axon cut
observations. This research paper has provided a brief discussion about transplantation of OECs
have been discussed in detail in this research paper. OCEs that are mainly generated from self-
renewing stem cell population in mucosa. Experient to raise transplantation hopes of OEC have a
major role in developing various methods for repairing various disconnection injuries. As per the
discussion nerve fiber can be regenerated in adult peripheral nerve and growth of these nerve.
4