Research Project on Policies Supporting Equality and Diversity in the Workplace - A Case Study on Unilever

This research project focuses on analyzing the policies that support equality and diversity in the workplace, with a case study on Unilever. The project aims to identify the concept of equality and diversity, analyze existing policies, determine their significance, and propose new policies. Primary and secondary research methods are used to gather data and analyze research findings. The project also reflects on the use of research methods and explores alternative methodologies.

Assignment - Research
Student Name/ID
Number
Unit Number and
Title
Research
Academic Year
Unit Tutor
Assignment Title Research project
Issue Date
Submission Date
IV Name & Date
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RESEARCH
PROJECT
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Table of Content
Table of Content..............................................................................................................................2
Research Proposal Form..................................................................................................................3
Research Ethics approval form......................................................................................................10
LO2................................................................................................................................................14
P3: Primary as well as secondary research applying suitable methods ....................................14
P4. Analytical technique to analyse research findings as well as data......................................17
LO3................................................................................................................................................22
P5: Research outcomes or results in an suitable way................................................................22
LO4................................................................................................................................................22
P6 Reflect on the use of research methods ...............................................................................22
P7. Alternative research methodologies and lessons learnt in view of the outcomes................23
CONCLUSION..............................................................................................................................23
REFERENCES .............................................................................................................................24
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Research Proposal Form
Student Name:
Proposed Title: Policies which support equality and diversity in the workplace. A case
study on Unilever.
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Section One: Title, objective, responsibilities
Title or working title of the research project
Aim of the Research: “To determine various policies that support equality
and diversity in the workplace”. A case study on Unilever.
Research objectives:
a) To identify the concept of Equality and diversity in the workplace.
b) To analyse various existing policies that has been adopted by the Unilever for
managing equality and diversity.
c) To determine the significance of policies that can supports equality and diversity.
d) To identify the new policies that can support the concept of equality and diversity in
Unilever.
Research Question:
a) What does the concept of equality and diversity means?
b) What are the existing policies that have been adopted by the Unilever for managing
equality and diversity?
c) What is the significance of policies that can support equality and diversity?
d) What can be the new policies that can support the concept of equality and diversity in
Unilever?
Section Two: Reasons for choosing this research project
The reason of selecting this topic is that it is important for the large organisation to manage
the employees. For this they must ensure that their employees are treated equal and fair which
can be done with effective policies within the organisation. This research is undertaken for
Unilever company which multinational retailer is offering a wide variety of products and
services. As the company has a large number of people due to this it are important for them to
understand the concept of equality and diversity so that they can ensure equal and fair
treatment with all.
Section Three: Literature sources searched
Literature review facilitates the investigators to consider the pervious researches on the
similar topic as with this they can develop an understanding of various analyses so made by
the investigator. It can be done from books, journals, articles etc. For this research the
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literature review is done for the research objectives which is given below:
Concept of Equality and diversity in the workplace
According to Ruth Mayhew, equality and diversity within the workplace can be defined as
equal opportunity for all the employees through diversity so that the individuals can achieve
their potential. The author believed that the equality of completely dependent upon
acceptance of diversity as it has various benefits for the organisation and even for the
employees. The importance of such diversity must be explained to the employees so that they
can adopt it within the organisational culture. With the help of diversity communication can
be made effective, better understanding and mutual sharing can be established as different
people with different capabilities can easily facilitate in resolving the issues.
Existing policies that have been adopted by the Unilever for managing equality and
diversity
According to Weiler, adoption of various policies for equality and diversity is crucial for the
organisation as with the help of this they can maintain the organisational culture, resolves
various issues such as labour shortages, greater innovation as people will have understanding.
Various policies are adopted by the large organisation such as Unilever on the basis of
suggestions so made by the employees within the organisation by way of questionnaire so
provided to them. The policies so adopted by them includes the comprehensive equality and
diversity policies with the help of which they make their employees to understand each other
which will reduce the impact of diversity. Along with this single initiatives are taken with the
help of which the specific need and wants of the employees are taken into consideration so
that they enable them in effective communication.
Significance of policies that can supports equality and diversity
According to Louise Petty, equality and diversity is so very crucial for the organisation as it
ensures that each and every employees gets the equal and fair opportunity. For this various
policies must be formulated by the organisation as they are just the formal documents but
they ensures that their does not exist any discrimination among the employees. This will lead
to safe and inclusive environment with the workplace that motivates the employees to
perform better and the organisation to achieve their objectives.
New policies that can support the concept of equality and diversity in Unilever
According to George Griffiths, comprehensive policies must be followed by the organisation
as with the help of such policies they can incorporate the concept within each and every phase
and activity so that the employees can become serious about everything. It is important for the
organisation to lay emphasis upon general principles such as share the ideas that the
organisation believes in as this will create vision among them. Also various other policies
must be taken into consideration that includes actively promoting the equality and diversity,
reflecting the people whom the company is serving etc. as with the help of this the employees
mindset and understanding can be enhanced.
Articles
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Equality & Diversity in the Workplace, 2017.[Online] Available through:<
https://bizfluent.com/info-8270685-equality-diversity-workplace.html>
Companies and workers benefit from diversity policies, 2019. [Online] Available through:<
https://www.eurofound.europa.eu/publications/article/2006/companies-and-workers-benefit-
from-diversity-policies>
How equality and diversity improves workplace, 2016. [Online] Available through:<
https://www.highspeedtraining.co.uk/hub/equality-diversity-benefits-workplace/>
Improving equality and diversity in your organisation, 2016. [Online] Available through:<
https://www.ucheck.co.uk/improving-equality-and-diversity-in-your-organisation/>
Section Four: Activities and timescales
Activities to be carried out during the research project
:
Selection of Topic
Aims and Objectives
Literature Review
Research Methodology
Data collection
Data analysis
Conclusion and recommendation
Submission of final project
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3
7
13
20
15
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1
Milestone one: Research Proposal
Target date (set by tutor):
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Milestone two: Research Project
Target date (set by tutor):
The activities and timescale to be performed while undertaking the
research are identified with the help of work breakdown structure and
Gantt charts. Work breakdown structure facilitates a researcher in
dividing all the activities into small manageable tasks so that they can be
undertaken efficiently. With this the activities can be classified into
hierarchical structure which defines the sequence of the activities in
which they have to be performed by the investigator.
Gantt Chart: Gantt Chart is a techniques with the help of which the time
is allocated to different activities to be done while undertaking the
research. With this the starting and ending dates for the activities are
defined so that research can be completed within the time so allocated.
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Section Four: Research approach and methodologies
Research Approach: For this research the two approaches that will be taken into
consideration by the researcher will be qualitative and quantitative approach. Apart from this
the data analysis approach will be considered which has two methods inductive and
deductive. In this report deductive approach will be used for analysing results of quantitative
approach.
Research Methodology: The data for undertaking the research are collected from two
sources which are primary and secondary sources. Primary data will be collected with the
help of questionnaire as with this accurate information can be gathered directly from the
employees. While the secondary data will be gathered with the help of various books, journals
and articles. Along with this the website of the company various information about the
company was gathered. The other aspects that were considered by them includes:
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Sampling: This is the methodology with the help of which the samples for selected for the
research from the total population. For this research 40 employees selected randomly from the
organisation.
Data Analysis: With the help of this the data so gathered will be analysed and various
interpretation will be made so that recommendations can be made to the company. For this
various charts, tables will be used.
Comments and agreement from tutor
Comments (optional):
I confirm that the project is not work which has been or will be
submitted for another qualification and is appropriate.
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Research Ethics approval form
All students conducting research activity that involves human participants
or the use of data collected form human participants are required to gain
ethical approval before commencing their research. Please answer all
relevant questions and note that your form may be returned if incomplete.
For further support and guidance please see your respective Unit Tutor:
Before completing this form, we advise that you discuss your proposed
research fully with your unit tutor. Please complete this form in good time
before your research project is due to commence.
Section 1: Basic details:
Project title:
“To determine various policies that support equality and diversity in the
workplace”. A case study on Unilever.
Student name: Student ID number:
College Name: Programme: Project.
Intended research start date: 28/01/2020
Intended research end date: 01/04/2020
Section 2 Project summary
Please select all research methods that you plan to use as a part of your
project:
 Interviews Yes No
 Questionnaires Yes No
 Observations Yes No
 Use of personal records Yes No
 Data Analysis Yes No
 Action Research Yes No
 Focus Groups Yes No
 Others (Please specify) :
Section 3: Participants
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Please answer the following questions, giving full details where necessary.
Will your research involve human participants? Yes
Who are the participants? Tick all that apply:
Ages 12-16: Young people aged: 17-18 Adults
How will participants be recruited (identified an approached)?
With the help of probability sampling, 40 participants out of total
population will be selected.
Describe the processes you will use to inform participants about what you
are doing:
For Informing the participants various sources will be sued such as the website, social
media platform, mobile applications and many more as the investigator finds these
sources as best source for providing information to the participants.
How will you obtain consent from participants? Will this be written? How
will it be made clear to participants that they may withdraw consent to
participate at any time?
Through questionnaire a researcher will gather information from participants which will
in writing.
Studies involving questionnaires: will participants be given the option of
omitting questions that do not wish to answer?
Yes No
If no please explain why below and ensure that you cover any ethical issues
arising from this
Studies involving observation:
Confirm whether participants will be asked for their informed consent to be
observed.
Yes No
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Will you debrief participants at the end of their participation (i.e give them
a brief explanation of the study)?
Yes No
Will participants be given information about the findings of your study?
(This could be a brief summary of your findings in general)
Yes No
Section 4: Data Storage and Security
Confirm that all personal data will be stored and processed in compliance
with the Data Protection Act (1998)
Yes No
Who will have access to the data and personal information?
Researcher
During the research:
Researcher
Where will the data be stored?
Computer systems and many other relative software are used to store data.
Will mobile devices such as USB storage and laptops be used
Yes No
If Yes, please provide further details:
After the research:
Where will the data be stored?
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How long will the data and records be kept for and in what format?
Will data be kept for use by other researchers? Yes No
Section 5 : Ethical Issues
Are there any particular features of your proposed work, which may raise
ethical concerns? If so, please outline how you will deal with these:
It is important that you demonstrate your awareness of potential risks that
may arise because of your research. Please consider/address all issues that
may apply. Ethical concerns may include, but are not limited to the
following :
 Informed consent.
 Potentially vulnerable participants.
 Sensitive topics
 Risk to participants and /or researchers
 Confidentiality/anonymity
 Disclosures/ limits to confidentiality
 Data storage and security, both during and after the research
(including transfer, sharing, encryption, protection).
 Reporting
 Dissemination and use of your findings.
Section 6: Declaration
I have read, understood and will abide by the institution’s Research
and Ethics Policy: Yes No
I have discussed the ethical issues relating to my research with my
Unit Tutor:
Yes No
I confirm that to the best of my knowledge:
The above information is correct, and this is a full description of the
ethical issues that may arise in the course of my research
Name: Md Monzurul Amin Patwary
Date: 01/04/2020
Please submit your completed form to your supervisor and also
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attach to the Research Proposal when submitting to Turnitin.
LO2
P3: Primary as well as secondary research applying suitable methods
There are different methods for conducting primary and secondary research in effective
manner. Some important and useful methods will be described as below:
Primary data collection instrument: There are various instruments of primary data
collection such as interview, questionnaire, observation etc. These are considering main
instruments that support investigator in collecting of primary information or data regarding the
specific area of study (Roulstone and Williams, 2014). For collecting information about the
gender equality and its impact on business performance, questionnaire has been chosen by
researcher. As it support them to gather primary information in within a given time period.
Research philosophy: It is consider as a useful part of research methodology because it
supports researcher in collection as well as analisation of qualitative and quantitative information
regarding the specific area of study. This section mainly have two types which named are
positivism and interpretivisim. Within a study, positivism type of philosophy will be applied
because it helps investigator to gather and analysis information in quantitative way. Main
intention behind selecting this philosophy as it not consumes additional time as well as resources
of company as compare to interpretivisim philosophy (Phillips, 2016).
Types of investigation: There are two types of research methodology which are
quantitative and qualitative. These are considering main types of investigation that supports
investigator in gathering of valid and reliable information. For performing this research,
quantitative form of methodology is more essential and valuable as it facilitate in providing
numerical and reliable information about the various policies that support equality and diversity
in the workplace. On the other hand, qualitative study is not useful for current investigation as it
consume more time as well as resources of an organisation or researcher.
Research Approach: There are essentially two approaches of research which are inductive
and deductive. These are considering most effective approaches of research because it helps in
analisation of quantitative as well as qualitative data regarding the specific study. In order to
analysis quantitative data about the equality and diversity, deductive approach of research will be
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applied. As this approach support researcher by saving its cost and time also. On the other hand,
inductive is another type of research approach but for doing this investigation, it is not useful
because it put away maximum time and cost ( Mejías, 2019).
Sampling: This is a process that is used for choosing sample number from total
populations. There are two effective techniques or tools of selecting respondents such as
probability and non-probability. Both are considering useful techniques of choosing sample but
within an investigation probability sampling will be applied. It is a valuable tool because it
support researcher to select sample size on random basis and within a lesser time. 40 employees
will be selected randomly by using probability sampling.
Cost, access and ethical issues: This is considering another important element that facilitate
researcher to do primary and secondary investigation in effective manner (Iganski and Mason,
2018). For this, researcher require proper amount of cost to systematically conduct both types of
research. Researcher has complete access to collect information from the employees of Unilever.
Research Ethics is an important element of research methodology because it support
investigator in completion of full project ethically and effectively. There are various some useful
principles of research ethics that should be used by researcher. These are informed consent,
autonomy, beneficence and confidentiality. By following these principles, researcher can easily
execute primary and secondary study in systematic as well as ethical manner (Kundu and Mor,
2017).
Research instruments: There are number of instruments that aid researcher in gathering of
primary and quantitative information about the study. These instruments are observation,
interview, questionnaire etc. These are effective tool of data collection but for gathering
information about the role of policies in development of equality and diversity at workplace,
questionnaire will be applied. As it assist research by saving its time and providing valid or
reliable information.
Questionnaire that will be used by the researcher for this research is given below:
Questionnaire
Q1. For how long you have been working with this Unilever?
a) 0-5 years
b) 5-10 years
c) 10-15 years
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d) More than 15 years
Q2. Do you have knowledge of any policy adopted by the Unilever for equality and
diversity?
a) Yes
b) No
Q3. Do you think these policies have positive impact on Unilever in managing equality and
diversity?
a) Yes
b) No
Q4. What are the benefits of the policies of equality and diversity to the Unilever?
a) Facilitate effective management of people
b) High employees Morale
c) Both of these
Q5. From where do you get to know about the policies of the company?
a) Website of the company
b) Magazine of the company
c) Appointment letter
Q6. Do you think Unilever need to introduce changes in their existing policies for managing
equality and diversity?
a) Yes
b) No
Q7. What new policies can be adopted by the Unilever for managing equality and diversity?
a) Shared vision
b) Better and direct communication
c) Learning organisation
d) All of these
Q8. Recommendations to the company with the help of which they can adopt new policies
for the company.....
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P4. Analytical technique to analyse research findings as well as data
In order to analysis quantitative data, content analysis will be used as an analytical tool. This
technique support researcher to make themes for each questions and analysis quantitative
information about policies that helps an organisation in development of equality and diversity at
workplace (Hebl and Avery, 2012). Along with this, for analysing the information in quantitative
manner, investigator require to follow several kind of steps which are making of frequency table,
inserting a graph and interpreting information in lesser time duration. These steps will be
explained systematically as under:
Q1. For how long you have been working with this Unilever? Frequency
a) 0-5 years 10
b) 5-10 years 8
c) 10-15 years 7
d) More than 15 years 15
Q2. Do you have knowledge of any policy adopted by the Unilever for
equality and diversity?
Frequency
a) Yes 22
b) No 18
Q3. Do you think these policies have positive impact on Unilever in
managing equality and diversity?
Frequency
a) Yes 31
b) No 9
Q4. What are the benefits of the policies of equality and diversity to
the Unilever?
Frequency
a) Facilitate effective management of people 8
b) High employees Morale 5
c) Both of these 27
Q5. From where do you get to know about the policies of the
company?
Frequency
a) Website of the company 14
b) Magazine of the company 11
c) Appointment letter 15
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Q6. Do you think Unilever need to introduce changes in their existing
policies for managing equality and diversity?
Frequency
a) Yes 26
b) No 14
Q7. What new policies can be adopted by the Unilever for managing
equality and diversity?
Frequency
aa Shared vision 7aa Better and direct communication 6aa Learning organisation 7aa All of these 20
The responses of the employees will be analysed with the help of various charts and diagrams
which are given below:
Theme 1: How long they have been working
Q1. For how long you have been working with this Unilever? Frequency
e) 0-5 years 10
f) 5-10 years 8
g) 10-15 years 7
h) More than 15 years 15
Interpretation: On the basis of above graph it can analysed that the understanding of the
employees varies on the basis of the time they have been associated with the company. This is
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because more the employee spends time with the company more will be the understanding with
the company.
Theme 2: Knowledge of policy adopted by the Unilever
Q2. Do you have knowledge of any policy adopted by the Unilever for
equality and diversity?
Frequency
a) Yes 22
b) No 18
Interpretation: On the basis of the above graph it can be analysed that most of the employees of
the company has knowledge about the policies so adopted by the company as the leaders of the
company engage their employees in the activities of the organisation.
Theme 3: Positive impact of policies on Unilever
Q3. Do you think these policies have positive impact on Unilever in
managing equality and diversity?
Frequency
a) Yes 31
b) No 9
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Interpretation: On the basis of above graph it can analysed that most of the employees of the
organisation has a belief that the policies for equality and diversity has positive impact on the
organisation as with the employees can be motivated. While some believes that it increase the
responsibilities for the company.
Theme 4: Benefits of the policies of equality and diversity
Q4. What are the benefits of the policies of equality and diversity to
the Unilever?
Frequency
a) Facilitate effective management of people 8
b) High employees Morale 5
c) Both of these 27
Interpretation: On the basis of above graph it can be analysed that most of the employees
within the organisation believed that with the help of such policies the company has various
advantages such as it allows them to improve the morale of the employees, enables them to
manage the people of the organisation effectively (Strange and Humphrey, 2019). But there are
some employees who say that the company has either advantage effective people management or
higher employee morale.
Theme 5: Sources of the information about policies
Q5. From where do you get to know about the policies of the
company?
Frequency
a) Website of the company 14
b) Magazine of the company 11
c) Appointment letter 15
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Interpretation: The above graph reflects the sources from where the employees of the
organisation get to know about the policies of the organisation. Different employees adopt
different sources to gather information about the company such as 15 employees get to know
about such polices from their appointment letter, 14 from the magazine of the company while 11
from the website of the company.
Theme 6: Requirement of changes
Q6. Do you think Unilever need to introduce changes in their existing
policies for managing equality and diversity?
Frequency
a) Yes 26
b) No 14
Interpretation: As per the responses of the employees it is analysed that there is requirements of
changes in the policies as the perception of the employees which changes with change in time.
Theme 7: New policies that can be adopted by Unilever
Q7. What new policies can be adopted by the Unilever for managing Frequency
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equality and diversity?
aa Shared vision 7aa Better and direct communication 6aa Learning organisation 7aa All of these 20
Interpretation: The above graph suggests various policies that can be adopted by the company
for making changes. On the basis this it can be analysed that most of the employees believes that
various new policies must be introduced such as learning organisation, shared vision and better
communication. All these will enable understanding among the employees. While some
employees believe that some specific policies must be adopted by the company.
LO3
P5: Research outcomes or results in an suitable way
Stakeholders: These are considering as an individual that possess more interest in
executing business functions as well as activities systematically. As indicated by the present
examination, there are number of partners of an association, for example chief, employees,
government and numerous others. These are fundamental partners yet employees have primary
piece of the business since they have precise information about the business and its capacities.
Communication of outcomes related to research: Communication is significant piece of
the business development and growth. So as it conveys examine results to the key partners, there
is prerequisite of some valuable techniques which are spoken, online report, presentation and
many others. These methods should use by researcher for communicating important information
about the research aim and objectives to the respondents (Bell, Bryman and Harley, 2018).
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Convincing arguments: This project is based on to determine the various policies that
support equality and diversity in the workplace. For this equality act 2010 is one of the best
policies that support an enterprise in implementation of equality at workplace. Along with this
development of inclusive workplace is another best policy that helps an enterprise in
development of diversity in the organisation. Both are consider best policies for developing
diversity as well as equality at workplace.
LO4
P6 Reflect on the use of research methods
I am happy that I obtain and valuable chance for conducting research over a broad topic i.e.
“To determine the various policies that support equality and diversity in the workplace. This is a
useful topic in my career growth and development as it supports me by increasing my
understanding about the number of policies. This research also assists me in enhancing my
research skills which are appropriate in doing this investigation effectively. Along with this, for
gathering and analyzing information about the study I used quantitative research method which
is questionnaire. It is a useful instrument of primary data collection that supported me by
providing reliable and valid data. Along with this, in during the gathering of information I faced
several challenges which are associated with the time, cost, resources, and improper behavior of
respondents. These are main challenges that negatively effects on my performance and
productivity during the collection and analisation of quantitative or primary information. Despite
of all these, in order to deal with such types of challenges I must follow Gantt chart, each
principles of research ethics etc. These will be beneficial for me in overcoming impact of time
and inaccurate behavior of participants.
P7. Alternative research methodologies and lessons learnt in view of the outcomes.
Alternative research methodology is a part of investigation as it support in collection of
information from the participants. Current study is based on quantitative investigation and for
collection this type of information, questionnaire has been used. Along with this, if investigator
gets another chance for executing this study, they could use interview as a method of primary
data collection. As it will aid investigator to collect qualitative information regarding the present
study (Alvstam, Ivarsson and Petersen, 2019). Therefore interview is a best example of
qualitative data that could be applies by researcher for gathering information in reliable way. In
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this method, several number of open-ended questions will be require to make by researcher as it
assist in gathering of large amount of data regarding the current study.
CONCLUSION
It is concluded from above report that the organisation must take into consideration various
aspects and policies related to the equality and diversity so that they can effectively manage their
employees by improving their morale and their effective management. For this research various
methods of collecting the data are used so that the research can be made authentic and reliable.
With the help of questionnaire method the responses of the employees of the organisation are
gathered with the help of which the analysis is done various recommendations are made to the
company.
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Bell, E., Bryman, A. and Harley, B., 2018. Business research methods. Oxford university press.
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