Impact of Sustainable Tourism on Development of Spain and Barcelona

RESEARCH
PROJECT
MANAGEMENT
1

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION................................................................................................................................3
CHAPTER 2 LITERATURE REVIEW...............................................................................................5
2.1 Understanding the concept of Sustainable tourism ...................................................................5
2.2 Understanding the positive and negative impacts of tourism...................................................6
2.3 Biggest challenges of tourism in the eyes of local communities in Barcelona..........................8
2.4 Remedies to improve relationship between tourists and host communities..............................8
CHAPTER 3 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY...................................................................................8
CHAPTER 4 DATA ANALYSIS........................................................................................................10
CONCLUSION .................................................................................................................................12
2

INTRODUCTION
Tourism is among the globe leading economic sectors, which is growing its business with
fast pace. Tourism is one of the world's fastest growing sectors and has continued to be so in
numerous sequent years (Ayuso, 2007). As per the to the United Nations World Tourism
Organization (UNWTO), worldwide tourist arrivals will reach 1.6 billion by the year 2020.
Nevertheless, tourism is a really complex sector pertaining many stakeholders (few times with
different interests) and asking for important amount of resources. Further, the tourism can have
very opposite impact as per the manner in which various functions are managed. The tourism
sector have high growth potential as it has witnessed an average growth rate of 4% in last few years.
The tourism industry also contribute to economic progress of nation. As per the Office for National
Statistics, nearly 10% contribution to GDP of nation is through this sector. In addition to this aspect,
1 in every 11 job is created by tourism sector. According to the available statistics, US$7.6 trillion
to the global economy in year 2014 was generated through this sector. In addition to this, it was
noted that total 1186 million tourist international arrivals were there in globe in year
2014.Thereafter, global international tourism revenue was reported as having value of total $1,26
billion.
The fast growth of tourism has enhanced economic, environmental and social consequence.
In the current scenario, the attention is mainly focused on the economic impacts of the sector
instead of environmental and social consequences of tourism (Ballantyne Packer and Hughes,
2009). The study of the sector has been reoriented after the recognition of the size of the affects of
contemporary tourism. Furthermore, the costs and adverse affects have been studied in a critical
manner. Tourism, both worldwide and domestic, bring forward various negative and positive
outcomes and has an effect on tourist destinations. The effect made by tourism is based upon the
quantity and nature of the tourists. This further relates to the duration of stay, functions, manner of
transport, travel facilities and arrangement and so on (Bramwell, 2011). A choice of variables must
also be taken into consideration in the discovery of any effect of tourism as well as their relation
and the methods in which they determine the nature, position and ratio of tourist impacts. The
evaluation of impacts also consider all stages of the travel experience, involving first preparations,
the travelling to and from the destination, the stay. There is no uncertainty that tourism has a most
crucial outcome on the economies of destinations areas. It is for this ground that improvement of
tourist amenities and entertainment opportunities has usually been perceived as a positive effort to
the domestic balance of payments. Furthermore, tourism appear to be more impelling than other
sectors in generating employment and income. The local business in tourist destinations are
3

benefited directly with the growth in number of tourist. The infrastructure improvement by the
government to facilitate the convenience of tourism ultimately benefits the local populations. For
example, better road, rail connectivity etc. In order to assure growth in tourism in present day and
future, the stakeholders of tourism are forced to save the heritage properties and cultural values of a
destination (Bramwell and Lane, 2008). The travel and tourism growth have positive outcomes on
tourist destinations, hotels, restaurants, pubs and recreational facilities, transportation and tour
operators business.
The progress and development of tourism sector changes and modifies the environment.
Environment can be defined as the land, water, air, flora and fauna, but also masses and culture and
the impacts of tourism are reflected on elements of the natural environment as well as on the man-
made environment or built environment (development of environments for tourism as for example
holiday resorts). The true success of travel and tourism sector relies on its development without
damaging the environment (Edgell, 2013). It is duty of travel organizations, government, local
communities and individuals to protect the tourism sector from the possible damages. In order to
assure, sustainable tourism, it is important that it must be cautiously managed so that possible
adverse impacts on the host community and the surroundings are not allowed to exceed the
economic gains that it surely carry forwards to local communities. On the other side, tourism
maintain enormous economic positive results like, it is one of the globes most important sources of
economic developments and employment. If tourism is effectively managed and developed it can
play a affirmative role in the political, social, cultural, economical, environmental and overall
development of the destination. Overall, it can be stated that tourism provides a important
development opportunity for numerous countries and communities. On the contrary, ungoverned
tourism development can result into very destructive impacts. Such as, increase in pollution
because of tourism is among the severe affects of tourism sector (Girard and Nijkamp, 2009).
The development of tourism needs the presence of an infrastructure, along with the hotel
accommodation and another facilities particular to tourism. In many areas highways and airfields
have been build to boost the tourism but not always has the local population benefited from these
developments. Infrastructure and facilities need land and the result is that there is severe land prices
hike in the region were tourism is growing at fast pace. In the context of the social and the cultural
impacts and the share of tourism that leads to modification systems, social behaviour, family
relationships, common lifestyles, safety levels, moral conduct, innovative language, customary
social occasion and community organizations (Gössling Hall and Weaver, 2009). The government
take significant measures to assure safety and security of international tourist.
In order to retain the several identified advantages of travel and tourism sector, it is
4