Impact of COVID 19 on HR Remuneration and Compensation Practices

This research project aims to analyze the impact of COVID 19 on the human resource remuneration and compensation practices of J+A Cafe, London. The study includes a research proposal, literature review, research methods, and findings.

Research Project
(Impact of COVID 19 over the human resource
remuneration and compensation practices)
1

Executive Summary
Main purpose of conducting this report is to analyse the impact of COVID 19 over the
human resource remuneration and compensation practices of J+A Cafe, London. In order to
attain this purpose, different activities were followed by researcher. Development of aim and
objectives is a first activity that was helped researcher in identification of main rational behind
doing this report. Literature review is another part of study that were completed by using
different number of secondary sources which are journals, magazines, publication research,
books etc. All these are effective and useful sources that were applied within an investigation for
gathering information about the impact of COVID 19 on hospitality. Research methodology is
another part of study that was completed with the effective use of questionnaire, quantitative
research, deductive approach, positivism philosophy etc. These are main methods that were
effective for researcher in collecting of primary data about the existing topic. Data analysis and
interpretation is another part of study that was completed by using content analysis. This is an
analytical technique that support researcher in making of themes on each questions and
interpreting data within lesser time period. Conclusion and recommendation is another part that
includes entire information of report briefly.
2

Contents
Executive Summary.........................................................................................................................2
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................5
P1 Produce a research proposal that clearly defines a research question or hypothesis
supported by a literature review.............................................................................................5
LITERATURE REVIEW................................................................................................................6
What is the major impact of COVID 19 on hospitality sector?.............................................7
What are several challenges that J+A Cafe faces in human resource management due to
COVID 19?.............................................................................................................................7
What are the the consequences of COVID 19 over remuneration practices J+A Cafe for
employees?.............................................................................................................................8
P2 Examine appropriate research methods and approaches to primary and secondary research.
................................................................................................................................................8
M1 Evaluate different research approaches and methodology and make justifications for the
choice of methods selected based on philosophical/theoretical frameworks.......................12
LO 2...............................................................................................................................................12
P3 Conduct primary and secondary research using appropriate methods for a tourism or
hospitality research project that consider costs, access and ethical issues...........................12
P4 Apply appropriate analytical tools analyse research findings and data..........................13
M2 Discuss merits, limitations and pitfalls of approaches to data collection and analysis..20
LO 3...............................................................................................................................................20
P5 Communicate research outcomes in an appropriate manner for the intended audience. 20
M3 Coherently and logically communicate outcomes to the intended audience demonstrating
how outcomes meet set research objectives.........................................................................23
LO 4...............................................................................................................................................23
P6 Reflect on the effectiveness of research methods applied for meeting objectives of the
hospitality research project...................................................................................................23
P7. Alternative research methodology.................................................................................23
3

M4 Provide critical reflection and insight that results in recommended actions for
improvements and future research considerations...............................................................24
CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION.............................................................................24
Conclusion.....................................................................................................................................24
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................26
Appendix........................................................................................................................................28
4

INTRODUCTION
Human resource management is seen as the important which clearly describes the formal
system through which organisational workforce are managed. Here, the main focus of human
resource manager is to emphasise on satisfying its existing workforce so that they can sustain
longer within the company and work for them with the loyalty. Workforce is the main resource
in hospitality sector as they are responsible for handling customers and fulfilling their needs
accordingly. COVID 19 is seen as infectious disease which was developed due to Coronavirus.
COVID 19 is most harmful disease as it spreads with just normal interaction with one another. It
is one of the most harmful diseases which transmit from person to person who comes in contact
with one another. Epidemic COVID 19 has directly placed impact over most of the businesses
but its major influence can be seen as hospitality sector (Boughton and et. al., 2020). This is so
because COVID 19 has affected jobs of hospitality sector workforce which directly places major
influence over HR department especially remuneration and compensation practices. The present
investigation has been conducted on J+A Cafe. This is London based cafe which runs its
business at small scale. In order to save people from COVID 19 government has taken initiative
of lockdown so that social distancing can be avoided. This has simply affected business of J+A
Cafe as they have to close their cafe till the lockdown gets over. The present investigation has
been conducted to check out the impact of COVID 19 over the human resource remuneration and
compensation practices of J+A Cafe.
P1 Produce a research proposal that clearly defines a research question or hypothesis supported
by a literature review.
Research Aim
To investigate about the impact of COVID 19 over the human resource remuneration and
compensation practices. A case study J+A Cafe, London.
Research Objectives
 To develop understanding on the impact of COVID 19 on hospitality sector
 To determine challenges that J+A Cafe faces in human resource management due to
COVID 19
 To ascertain the consequences of COVID 19 over remuneration practices J+A Cafe for
5

employees.
Research Question
 What is the major impact of COVID 19 on hospitality sector?
 What are several challenges that J+A Cafe faces in human resource management due to
COVID 19?
 What are the consequences of COVID 19 over remuneration practices J+A Cafe for
employees?
Rationale of this project
The initial motive of conducting this investigation is to develop understanding on the
several changes that would arise in hospitality sector due to COVID 19. The overall influences
wanted to be develop on human resources department as it is highly difficult for them to tackle
the workforce without having any type of operations. Another influential motive of conducting
this investigation is the self interest of the investigator towards improving their own skills such
as communication, research, technological skills, analytical skill, presentation skill, team
working skill, conflict management skill etc. Development of these skills will definitely help
investigator in conducting effective research in the near future (Carter Anderson and Mossialos,
2020).
Research gap
One of the main gaps within an investigation is to identify the impact of COVID 19 over the
human resource remuneration and compensation practices. In previous study, there is
information about the impact of COVID 19 but there is lack of data about COVID 19 impacts on
human resource remuneration and compensation practices of an organisation. In order to fulfil
this gap, research questions will be followed because it will support investigator in fulfilment of
research gap as well as achievement of research aim and objectives easily (Chen, 2020).
LITERATURE REVIEW
Literature review introduces to the important section and process of collecting secondary
information regarding any field of study. This part of research needs different number of
secondary sources which are magazines, books, articles, publication research etc. All these are
considering important and useful sources of collecting and gathering secondary data for literature
review. This is important and useful chapter of research report because it will helps researcher in
6

identification of research gaps in past studies (Cho, 2020). There are some research questions
that will be useful for researcher to fulfil above mentioned research gaps effectively. These
questions are explained as below:
What is the major impact of COVID 19 on hospitality sector?
According to the Corburn and et. al., (2020), the impact of COVID 19 has huge over
hospitality industry in negative manner. During the period of this pandemic most the businesses
under this sector discontinues the business due to the guidelines of government. The some who
operates are only those that have facility of home delivery. Now, the demand of products and
services under this industry is very low. This is because of the threat of contamination. There are
many type of negative impacts is ascertained by hospitality sector due to COVID 19 over
different areas which are defined below:
Heavy loss of earnings: There is heavy loss of earnings among all businesses that have
operations within hospitality industry. Here, government has the guidelines regarding social
distancing and quarantine where nobody is allowed to go out of the home without any important
reason. This causes that owners of business and staff not able to operate the operations and even
the consumers are not in the situation to avail the same (Davis and et. al., 2020).
Inability of pay salary to workers: There is no earning from the businesses by the
employers but still they have to pay the salaries to their staff members because they also have to
run their basic life. This creates the situation where employer faced the double trouble. First
businesses are shut down or no demand in market and even have to pay the amount to
employees. This resultant into development of the situation like inability of payment (Ding,
Levine, Lin and Xie, 2020).
What are several challenges that J+A Cafe faces in human resource management due to COVID
19?
As per the view presented by Jimma, (2020), due to the issue of COVID 19, it is difficult
for the all organizations to effectively manage their human resource. The same situation is facing
by the employer of J+A Cafe where lots of challenges occur in this process. All these are defined
below:
Employee’s prevention from contamination: It is the duties of the employer that must
apply such practices that will be effective from the point of prevent COVID 19 contamination. In
7

this regard, they have to focus over regular sanitization of area, employees and consumers which
is difficult in area (March, 2020).
Working with same capacity of employees: The government has the guidelines regarding
social distancing for preventing its spread from one person to another. It is difficult for the
employer work with same workforce by following the policy of social distancing. This resulted
into direct negative impact over improvement activities of business (Ranasinghe and et. al.,
2020).
What are the the consequences of COVID 19 over remuneration practices J+A Cafe for
employees?
According to the Satiani, Zigrang and Bailey–Wheaton, (2020), the consequence of
COVID 19 is negative over the remuneration policy of J+A Cafe because of inability to conduct
business or earning profits. Still, they have to pay to their employees for carrying basic life. In
this regard, the changes they put over remuneration policy are considered as negative in relation
to employees. All these are defined below:
Payment of less salary: The first impact ascertained over the remuneration policy that all
employees get the less salary up to some percentage because of organizational inability to
carrying operations in market (Schaefer and et. al., 2020).
No bonus: The organization does not have enough income to pay salaries to employees. In
this condition, the possibility of paying bonus is not conceivable. Also, this will not be played to
the employees till the organization start continuing the business or generate demand for their
products and services.
P2 Examine appropriate research methods and approaches to primary and secondary research.
Research methodology is determined as the essential section of every investigation which
simply provides direction to the researcher as well as their team members in conducting whole
investigation in the systematic manner within the provided time frame. All essential research
method used by investigator for conducting this research are specified as below:
Data collection: Data collection is seen as the effective method of gathering information on
the proposed topic with the usage of several sources (Amjad and et. al., 2018). This gathered
information simply helps investigator in obtaining valid research outcome in quicker manner.
Here, Primary and secondary method of data collection are two main forms through which
investigator gathers maximum information on the chosen topic within the provided timeframe. In
8

primary method, main emphasizes of investigator is on gathering desired information on the
proposed topic with the direct interaction with the respondent. This includes first hand data
which is completely fresh and also provides support in gathering maximum information on the
proposed topic in valid form which leads to attainment of the research outcome. Whereas, in
secondary method investigator gathers information from past conducted research and other
second hand data. This kind of method provides old data. For conducting present investigation
researcher makes use of both the primary and secondary form of data collection method.
Questionnaire has been selected as the main form of primary method whereas books, journals,
online articles and other published data has been taken as the secondary source. All the
information gathered from these sources has helped investigator in gathering maximum
information in quicker manner.
Research design:- It is considered as the structure that is followed by researcher while
executing all research activities from the starting to the end point. Research design is mainly
bifurcated into many sections such as exploratory, descriptive and experimental. Among them all
descriptive type of research design has been chosen in order to identify valid outcome with the
descriptive data.
Research philosophy- It is determined as the set of belief carried out by the researcher at
the time of conducting investigation (Aoyama, Hoshika and Honda, 2018). Among
interpretivism and positivism researcher has selected interpretivism method as it is supportive
converting quantitative data in such a manner that simplifies all aspect of research which
contributes in attainment of valid research outcome.
Research strategy: There are different numbers of strategy that will be used in collecting of
primary and secondary information regarding the topic. These strategies are interview,
experimental research, action research, case study, systematic literature review and survey.
These are main strategies of collecting information regarding the topic or study. Within an
investigation, for collecting primary data, survey will be conducted, whereas for gathering
secondary data, systematic literature review will be followed as an effective type of research
strategy. Both are useful and valuable strategies because this will help in gathering of valid and
detailed information about the topic (Gaur and Kumar, 2018).
Type of investigation:- Qualitative and quantitative are two main methods through which
investigator analysis overall gathered information. These methods are selected by the
9

investigator with the usage of suitability of the research. For conducting present research in
appropriate manner investigator makes use of quantitative method in order to analyze data with
the numeracy. This method is highly supportive in gaining outcome with accuracy with the
inclusion of facts and figures.
Research approach: Approach in every investigation depicts the path or way followed by
investigator for obtaining research outcome. Inductive and deductive are two main forms of
research approach. Here, investigator makes use of deductive method as the research has been
carried out with the usage of quantitative method. This simply provides support in evaluating
data gathered with numeracy as well as facts and figures (Gjesfjeld and et. al., 2020).
Sampling- Sampling is seen as the effective method through which investigator selects
sample population from the overall sample population. This is effective done with the usage of
two main types of methods such as probability and non probability sampling method. In the
present investigation conducted on the topic “To investigate about the impact of COVID 19 over
the human resource remuneration and compensation practices” investigator has made use of
random sampling method under probabilistic technique. Here, 10 managers have been selected
from the J+A Cafe, Leytonstone, and London as the respondents from whom primary
information has been taken out.
Time horizons: This is another essential part of the research methodology that helps
researcher in completion of full project within given time period. There are two types of time
horizons which are called longitudinal approach and cross-sectional approach. These are main
approaches that are facilitating in completion of research report effectively. For performing each
activities of current investigation, cross-section time approach has been used because it facilitate
in completing of full report in limited time and it is also based on current situation (Güven,
2018). Apart from this, Gantt chart has been applied for presenting each activities of study in
graphical way. Gantt chart is a time management tool that includes different activities apart from
their starting and ending time that resulted in completion of full project within given deadline.
Gantt chart according to the current study will be presented as below:
10

11

M1 Evaluate different research approaches and methodology and make justifications for the
choice of methods selected based on philosophical/theoretical frameworks.
For performing this investigation in the appropriate manner, investigator has made use of
primary method and secondary method for gathering information. Primary method has been used
to gather first hand information from respondent which have provided accurate and valid
information. The main reason for selecting secondary information is to gather maximum
information in the limited period of time. The overall information gathered with this was later
analysed by the usage of deductive approach. This approach has effectively contributed in
obtaining valid research outcome within the provided time frame. These methods were selected
on the basis of the research onion framework.
LO 2
P3 Conduct primary and secondary research using appropriate methods for a tourism or
hospitality research project that consider costs, access and ethical issues
Cost:- Every project requires the specific cost for the appropriate completion of the work.
With reference to the current investigation researcher will require estimate budget of £ 200 in
order to execute overall activities associate with the research. The cost is also required to manage
resources such as internet connection, stationery, access to secondary material etc.
Access: For conducting appropriate research investigator makes use of several sources both
the primary and secondary methods. It is responsibility of the researcher to maintain
confidentiality of the information gathered by them from primary sources. Thus, investigator
ensures that the gathered information would be only accessed by the investigator and other
authorised authority (Kelly and et. al., 2018).
Ethical issues: - Investigator has to follow all sort of ethical values and norms while
conducting the investigation so that they can easily obtain valid research outcome in appropriate
manner. In order to conduct present investigation in ethical manner researcher takes consent
from every involved respondent and also ask them every time whenever they are using their data
for research purpose.
12

P4 Apply appropriate analytical tools analyse research findings and data.
For analysis quantitative data, content analysis as an effective type of analytical technique
will be used. In this technique, researcher will require to make themes on each question that
resulted in finding of numerical data within limited time period (Page and et. al., 2019). Along
with this, there is requirement of following some steps which are making of frequency table,
presenting graphs and interpreting research outcomes effectively. These steps will be explained
as below:
Frequency table
Q1. What is the major impact of COVID 19 on hospitality sector? Frequency
a) Discontinuation of major operations of different organizations 4
b) Inability to provide salary to workers 3
c) Heavy loss in earnings 3
Q2. What are several challenges that J+A Cafe faces in human resource management due to
COVID 19?
Frequency
a) Working with same capacity by maintaining social distance 5
b) Work with staff at low rate of remuneration 3
c) High risk of employee’s contamination 2
Q3. What is the impact of COVID 19 on compensation and remuneration practices of J+A
Cafe?
Frequency
a) Positive 0
b) Negative 7
c) Neutral 3
Q4. What is the consequence of COVID 19 over earning ability of J+A Cafe? Frequency
a) Positive 0
b) Negative 8
c) Neutral 2
Q5. What steps will be taken by an organisation to effectively manage human resource that
not working properly due to the impact of COVID 19?
Frequency
a) Adhere policy of social distancing 4
b) Sanitisation of each employee and customer 3
c) Bonus to employees as per adhering COVID 19 prevention policies 3
Q6. What aspects needed to consider preventing contamination of COVID 19 over the
employees and customers of J+A Cafe?
Frequency
a) Sanitisation 2
b) Social distancing 5
13

c) Regular temperature check-up 3
Q7. What practices an organisation have to focus over improvement of business in market for
coping from the negative impact of COVID 19?
Frequency
a) Focus over home delivery of food 3
b) Adhere all preventive measures 4
c) Focus over technology driven functioning 3
Q8. What points needed to consider by J+A Cafe for providence of same remuneration to
their employees while working during the continuous negative impact of COVID 19 on
business?
Frequency
a) Identify different resources of business expansion 2
b) Change in business model 5
c) Reduction in operational cost 3
Q9. What strategies organisation has to adopt for retention of the talented staff within an
organisation due to the negative impact of COVID 19?
Frequency
a) Bonus as per performance 4
b) Working in the direction of optimum health safety 4
c) Promote technological working practices 2
Q10. What remuneration policies are needed to adopt by an organisation for coping with the
negative impact of COVID 19 on business?
Frequency
a) Remuneration as per earning 3
b) Focus over performance bonus 3
c) Extra package to safeguard health 4
Data analysis and presentation
Q1. What is the major impact of COVID 19 on hospitality sector? Frequency
a) Discontinuation of major operations of different organizations 4
b) Inability to provide salary to workers 3
c) Heavy loss in earnings 3
14

a) Discontinuation
of major
operations of
different
organizations
b) Inability to
provide salary to
workers
c) Heavy loss in
earnings
0
1
2
3
4
4
3 3
Frequency
Frequency
Q2. What are several challenges that J+A Cafe faces in human resource management due to
COVID 19?
Frequency
a) Working with same capacity by maintaining social distance 5
b) Work with staff at low rate of remuneration 3
c) High risk of employee’s contamination 2
0
1.5
3
4.5
5
3 2
Frequency
Frequency
Q3. What is the impact of COVID 19 on compensation and remuneration practices of J+A
Cafe?
Frequency
a) Positive 0
b) Negative 7
c) Neutral 3
15

1 2 3
0 0 00
7
3
Chart Title
Q3. What is the impact of COVID 19 on compensation and remuneration practices of
blue café?
Frequency
Q4. What is the consequence of COVID 19 over earning ability of J+A Cafe? Frequency
a) Positive 0
b) Negative 8
c) Neutral 2
a) Positive b) Negative c) Neutral
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
0
8
2
Frequency
Frequency
Q5. What steps will be taken by an organisation to effectively manage human resource that
not working properly due to the impact of COVID 19?
Frequency
a) Adhere policy of social distancing 4
b) Sanitisation of each employee and customer 3
c) Bonus to employees as per adhering COVID 19 prevention policies 3
16

0
1
2
3
4
4
3 3
Frequency
Frequency
Q6. What aspects needed to consider to prevent contamination of COVID 19 over the
employees and customers of J+A Cafe?
Frequency
a) Sanitisation 2
b) Social distancing 5
c) Regular temperature check-up 3
a) Sanitisation b) Social
distancing c) Regular
temperature
check-up
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
3.5
4
4.5
5
2
5
3
Frequency
Frequency
Q7. What practices an organisation have to focus over improvement of business in market for
coping from the negative impact of COVID 19?
Frequency
a) Focus over home delivery of food 3
b) Adhere all preventive measures 4
c) Focus over technology driven functioning 3
17

a) Focus over
home delivery of
food
b) Adhere all
preventive
measures
c) Focus over
technology driven
functioning
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
3.5
4
3
4
3
Frequency
Frequency
Q8. What points needed to consider by J+A Cafe for providence of same remuneration to
their employees while working during the continuous negative impact of COVID 19 on
business?
Frequency
a) Identify different resources of business expansion 2
b) Change in business model 5
c) Reduction in operational cost 3
1 2 3
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
3.5
4
4.5
5
2
5
3 Q8. What points needed to
consider by blue café for
providence of same
remuneration to their
employees while working
during the continuous
negative impact of COVID
19 on business?
Frequency
Q9. What strategies organisation has to adopt for retention of the talented staff within an
organisation due to the negative impact of COVID 19?
Frequency
a) Bonus as per performance 4
b) Working in the direction of optimum health safety 4
c) Promote technological working practices 2
18

1 2 3
0 0 0
4 4
2
Chart Title
Q9. What strategies organisation has to adopt for retention of the talented staff within
an organisation due to the negative impact of COVID 19?
Frequency
Q10. What remuneration policies are needed to adopt by an organisation for coping with the
negative impact of COVID 19 on business?
Frequency
a) Remuneration as per earning 3
b) Focus over performance bonus 3
c) Extra package to safeguard health 4
1 2 3
0 0 0
3 3
4
Chart Title
Q10. What remuneration policies are needed to adopt by an organisation for coping
with the negative impact of COVID 19 on business?
Frequency
M2 Discuss merits, limitations and pitfalls of approaches to data collection and analysis.
On the basis of overall analysis made, it can be said that primary method of data collection
was highly effective as it has provided accurate information on the proposed topic. Whereas, the
main limitation of this method was questions were close ended which have not provided option
to respondents to express their own viewpoint towards the same which is different from the
19

shown options. The analysis made on this was based on quantitative method which has provided
outcome with accuracy but it has its own drawback too. This analysis have consumed major time
of researcher and also made it difficult for them to draw valid outcome on the same.
LO 3
P5 Communicate research outcomes in an appropriate manner for the intended audience.
Research outcomes of the research are based on primary and secondary (Schoonderbeek,
2018). Interpretation of primary data and its relation with secondary will be explained as below:
Theme 1: Impact of COVID 19 on hospitality sector
Interpretation: There are different impacts of COVID 19 over entire hospitality sector. 4
mangers of J+A Cafe have idea as Discontinuation of major operations of different organizations
is main impact; remaining respondents have view as heavy loss in earnings and inability in
providence of salary to the employees are main impacts.
This information is correlated with the secondary data that were collected from number
of resources such as magazines, books etc. for literature review. In this authors have opinion as
heavy loss in earning is main impact of COVID 19 on hospitality industry. Some information of
literature review is not related with the primary data and in order to communicate this
information to the respondent’s informed consent, e-mail etc. communication will be used
(Carter, Anderson and Mossialos, 2020).
Theme 2: Several challenges that J+A Cafe faces in human resource management due to
COVID 19
Interpretation: There are different challenges faced by J+A Cafe in HRM due to
COVID 19. For this 5 respondents have knowledge as working with same capacity by
maintaining social distance is main challenge, 3 respondents have idea as work with staff at low
rate of remuneration is major challenge and remaining 2 have opinion as higher risk of
employee’s contamination is main challenge. All these are major challenges of COVID 19 on
J+A Cafe.
This data is related with the secondary information that was collected by researcher for
literature review. In this authors have opinion as one of the main challenges of COVID 19 on
business working with same capacity by maintaining social distance because it is not possible for
organization to work separately (Chen, 2020).
20

Theme 3: Impact of COVID 19 on compensation and remuneration practices
Interpretation: Majority of participants have opinion as COVID 19 has negative impact
over remuneration and compensation practices of an organisation. They said as due to COVID
19 J+A Cafe face issue of heavy loss in earnings. It is not possible for company in providence of
compensation to the employees.
Theme 4: Consequence of COVID 19
Interpretation: Most of the respondents or mangers have opinion as COVID 19 has
negative consequences over earning ability of J+A Cafe because it is epidemic in all over the
world. There are no chances for importing and exporting goods, lack of customer’s presence
because of lockdown etc.
This information is linked with the secondary data collected for literature review. In this
some authors have opinion as COVID 19 is an epidemic that negatively impact on business as
well as individual by decreasing economy and reducing sales of an organisation (Cho, 2020).
Theme 5: Ways to effectively manage human resource
Interpretation: There are number of ways that will be used for managing human
resource of an organisation who are not working in proper manner due to the impact of COVID
19. These ways are adhere policy of social distancing, Sanitisation to each employee and
customer and bonus to employees as per adhering COVID 19 prevention policies. All these are
effective but most of the respondents are favour in providing of bonus to the workers as per the
government policy.
Theme 6: Aspects to prevent contamination of COVID 19
Interpretation: There are number of aspects that must be needed for preventing COVID
19 over the customers and employees of J+A Cafe. These aspects are sanitisation, social
distancing and regular check-up. Most of the participants have knowledge as social distancing is
one of the best ways for eliminating the issue of COVID 19 on each person.
Theme 7: Practices to focus over improvement of business in market
Interpretation: There are numerous practices that must be requiring focusing on
enhancing the business within market. These practices are adherence of all preventive measure,
focus over hone delivery of food and focus over technology driven functioning. These are
effective practices but most of the respondents have idea as adherence of all preventive measures
21

because it will be help Company to improve their business and reduce negative impact of
COVID 19 on them.
Theme 8: Points needed for providing of same remuneration to their employees
Interpretation: There are some points that will be needed by J+A Cafe for providing
same remuneration to their workers while working in time of COVID 19. 2 respondents have
idea as identification of different resources of business expansion is best way, 5 have idea as
change in business model is effective and remaining 3 respondents have knowledge as reduction
in operational cost is essential ways for an organisation. Therefore, all these are effective bur
majority of respondents have favour in changing of business model is essential for providing
same remuneration of the employees after COVID 19.
Theme 9: Strategies for retention of the talented staff
Interpretation: Most of the respondents are agreed as bonus as per the performance and
working in the direction of optimum health safety are effective ways for company to retain
talented workers due to the negative effect of COVID 19.
Theme 10: Remuneration policies for coping with the negative impact of COVID 19 on
business
Interpretation: There are some remuneration policies that are required by hospitality
industry for coping with the negative effect of COVID 19. Most of the respondents have
knowledge as extra package to safeguard health is best policy because it will support them
reduce negative effect of COVID 19 and retain top talent at workplace.
M3 Coherently and logically communicate outcomes to the intended audience demonstrating
how outcomes meet set research objectives.
The overall research outcome would be effectively communicated to the intended audience
through meeting session in which all outcomes would be illustrated to them through power point
presentation. In this, appropriate explanation would be provided to the stakeholders that how
effectively outcome on each and every objectives have been obtained. Also, collaboratively
conclusion towards the same along with the future recommendation has explained to them.
22

LO 4
P6 Reflect on the effectiveness of research methods applied for meeting objectives of the
hospitality research project.
I used different methods for collecting information about the impact of COVID 19 on
hospitality industry. In order to gathered secondary data I followed books, magazines, articles
etc. sources. All these are effective because these were provided me accurate outputs that helped
in accomplishment of research aim and objectives. Along with this, I also used questionnaire that
were helped me by providing reliable and valid data within limited time period. Therefore these
are effective methods in accomplishment of research objectives and aim easily.
P7. Alternative research methodology
The present investigation has been conducted with the usage of questionnaire method. The
respective method was highly effective and worthy but still it has its lack area. The lack area
associated with this questionnaire method is that it only includes close ended questions which
does not provide opportunity to respondents to simply express their own view point towards the
topic as they are only allowed to select answer from the given options and justify their reason
towards it (Wu and et. al., 2018). In the near future whenever investigator will get option to
conduct research then they will surely give preference to interview method as the alternate
method. The main reason behind selecting interview method is that it includes open ended
questions which simply provide opportunity to the respondents to express their views towards
the questions without any barrier or restriction. This would simply help them out in
accomplishing their project outcome with more authenticity.
M4 Provide critical reflection and insight that results in recommended actions for improvements
and future research considerations
On the basis of my personal experience associated with the investigation it can be said that
the usage of interview method would definitely support me in conducting more effective
research in the future but at the same time, it can be said that the respective method would also
consume more time as I have to personally interact with each and every respondent in order to
gather relevant information from them. Overall, with the usage of interview method I would be
able to gather required information on future investigation topics.
23

CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
Recommendation:
It is recommended to the organisation that they must focus over the application of new
business model. Here, they will provide the home delivery services so consumer gets their
offerings at home without exposing to the conditions of contamination. Also, organisation has to
focus over the regular sanitisation of the operational area and employees along with regular
check-up of employees and those who get in contact. This provides the opportunity to identify
the person who has some health issues so appropriate action will be taken. The one more thing
that can help to attract the consumers is to focus over contact less servicing and delivering of
products. This creates the belief among customers.
Conclusion
It has been concluded from the above report that COVID 19 has major negative over the
business of organisations prevail under hospitality sector. The major issues they face are
regarding management of human resource and their remuneration without earning no amount of
profit. In the management, difficult arouse about their retention whereas, in respect to
remuneration employer did not have funds from where the same transferred for fulfilling basic
life necessities. This creates the situation where lots of businesses are towards the direction of
discontinuation because unable to bear the cost and loss.
24

REFERENCES
Books and Journals
Amjad, M. and et. al., 2018. A review of EVs charging: From the perspective of energy
optimization, optimization approaches, and charging techniques. Transportation
Research Part D: Transport and Environment. 62. pp.386-417.
Aoyama, T., Hoshika, M. and Honda, K., 2018. Reporting Practices in L2 Quantitative Research:
A Systematic Review of ARELE 13–28. ARELE: Annual Review of English
Language Education in Japan. 29. pp.241-256.
Boughton, D. and et. al., 2020. Strengthening smallholder agriculture is essential to defend food
and nutrition security and rural livelihoods in Myanmar against the COVID-19
threat: Elements for a proactive response (Vol. 2). Intl Food Policy Res Inst.
Carter, P., Anderson, M. and Mossialos, E., 2020. Health system, public health, and economic
implications of managing COVID-19 from a cardiovascular perspective. European
heart journal.
Chen, X., 2020. Spaces of care and resistance in China: public engagement during the COVID-
19 outbreak. Eurasian Geography and Economics, pp.1-13.
Cho, E., 2020. Examining boundaries to understand the impact of COVID-19 on vocational
behaviors.
Corburn, J. and et. al., 2020. Slum Health: Arresting COVID-19 and Improving Well-Being in
Urban Informal Settlements. Journal of Urban Health, pp.1-10.
Davis, C. and et. al., 2020. Caring for children and adolescents with eating disorders in the
current COVID-19 pandemic: A Singapore perspective. Journal of Adolescent
Health.
Ding, W., Levine, R., Lin, C. and Xie, W., 2020. Corporate Immunity to the COVID-19
Pandemic (No. w27055). National Bureau of Economic Research.
Gaur, A. and Kumar, M., 2018. A systematic approach to conducting review studies: An
assessment of content analysis in 25 years of IB research. Journal of World
Business. 53(2). pp.280-289.
Getz, C. L., Cohen, B. E. and Donnally III, C. J., Practice Management During the COVID-19
Pandemic.
Gjesfjeld, E. And et. al., 2020. A quantitative workflow for modeling diversification in material
culture. PLoS One. 15(2). p.e0227579.
Güven, B., 2018. The Quantitative and Qualitative Analysis of Organizational Citizenship
Behavior. Journal of Business & Economic Policy 5(3). pp.54-66..
Jimma, E., 2020. COVID-19 PROBABLE IMPACTS ON ETHIOPIAN AGRICULTURE AND
POTENTIAL MITIGATION AND ADAPTATION MEASURES: NO FOOD-NO
HEALTH-NO LIFE.
Kelly, M. and et. al., 2018. Considering axiological integrity: a methodological analysis of
qualitative evidence syntheses, and its implications for health professions
education. Advances in Health Sciences Education. 23(4). pp.833-851.
March, G., 2020. THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC.
Opatha, H. H. D. N. P., The Coronavirus and The Employees: A Study from the Point of Human
Resource Management.
Page, V. and et. al., 2019. Towards a Methodology to Test UAVs in Hazardous Environments.
25

Ranasinghe, R. and et. al., 2020. Tourism after Corona: Impacts of Covid 19 Pandemic and Way
Forward for Tourism, Hotel and Mice Industry in Sri Lanka. Hotel and Mice Industry
in Sri Lanka (April 22, 2020).
Satiani, B., Zigrang, T. A. and Bailey–Wheaton, J. L., 2020. COVID-19 Financial Resources for
Physicians. Journal of Vascular Surgery
Schaefer, G. O., Tam, C. C., Savulescu, J. and Voo, T. C., 2020. Covid-19 Vaccine
Development: Time to Consider Sars-Cov-2 Challenge Studies?. Available at SSRN
3568981.
Schoonderbeek, M., 2018. A Theory of" Design by Reserach". Ardeth, (01), pp.62-79.
Wu, Y. and et. al., 2018. A survey of physical layer security techniques for 5G wireless networks
and challenges ahead. IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications. 36(4).
pp.679-695.
26

Appendix
Questionnaire
Q1. What is the major impact of COVID 19 on hospitality sector?
a) Discontinuation of major operations of different organizations
b) Inability to provide salary to workers
c) Heavy loss in earnings
Q2. What are several challenges that J+A Cafe faces in human resource management due to COVID 19?
a) Working with same capacity by maintaining social distance
b) Work with staff at low rate of remuneration
c) High risk of employee’s contamination
Q3. What is the impact of COVID 19 on compensation and remuneration practices of J+A Cafe?
a) Positive
b) Negative
c) Neutral
Q4. What is the consequence of COVID 19 over earning ability of J+A Cafe?
a) Positive
b) Negative
c) Neutral
Q5. What steps will be taken by an organisation to effectively manage human resource that not working properly
due to the impact of COVID 19?
a) Adhere policy of social distancing
b) Sanitisation of each employee and customer
c) Bonus to employees as per adhering COVID 19 prevention policies
Q6. What aspects needed to consider preventing contamination of COVID 19 over the employees and customers of
J+A Cafe?
a) Sanitisation
b) Social distancing
c) Regular temperature check-up
Q7. What practices an organisation have to focus over improvement of business in market for coping from the
negative impact of COVID 19?
a) Focus over home delivery of food
b) Adhere all preventive measures
c) Focus over technology driven functioning
Q8. What points needed to consider by J+A Cafe for providence of same remuneration to their employees while
working during the continuous negative impact of COVID 19 on business?
a) Identify different resources of business expansion
27

b) Change in business model
c) Reduction in operational cost
Q9. What strategies organisation has to adopt for retention of the talented staff within an organisation due to the
negative impact of COVID 19?
a) Bonus as per performance
b) Working in the direction of optimum health safety
c) Promote technological working practices
Q10. What remuneration policies are needed to adopt by an organisation for coping with the negative impact of
COVID 19 on business?
a) Remuneration as per earning
b) Focus over performance bonus
c) Extra package to safeguard health
Q11. Provide some recommendations to improve the business of J+A Cafe within hospitality industry?
28

Research Proposal Form
Student Name: _ Student ID: ____________
Centre Name:
Tutor: ________________ Date:
Unit: 11 Research Proposal
Proposed Title: Talent Management
29

Section One: Title, objective, responsibilities
Title or working title of the research project (in the form of a question, objective or
hypothesis)
Research Aim
To investigate about the impact of COVID 19 over the human resource remuneration and
compensation practices. A case study J+A Cafe.
Research objectives (e.g what is the question you want to answer? What do you want
to learn how to do? What do you want to find out?):
 To develop understanding on the impact of COVID 19 on hospitality sector
 To determine challenges that J+A Cafe faces in human resource management due
to COVID 19
 To ascertain the consequences of COVID 19 over remuneration practices J+A
Cafe for employees.
Question Tag
 What is the major impact of COVID 19 on hospitality sector?
 What are several challenges that J+A Cafe faces in human resource management
due to COVID 19?
 What are the the consequences of COVID 19 over remuneration practices J+A
Cafe for employees?
Section Two: Reasons for choosing this research project
Reasons for choosing the project (e.g links to other subjects you are studying, personal interest, future
plans, knowledge/skills you want to improve, why the topic is important):
The main purpose behind selecting this project is to gather a view regarding the changes
that this epidemic COVID 19 has bring within the hospitality industry and manner in
which it affected the human resources management practices. This investigation will
support the researcher in getting an idea regarding the challenges that are currently getting
arise within industry and what next can be faced by the players operating within
hospitality sector so that appropriate recommendations can be provided through this
findings or support them in dealing with such issues.
30

Section Three: Literature sources searched
As per the view point of …, the hospitality industry is one among the most sensitive
industry that get affected sue to climatic changes or any kind of issues that get arise in the
environment of society. This is so because such issues at very first affect the tourism
practices which in turn act as a barrier between the hotels, cafes, resorts and customer
approach. This effect can also be seen through the epidemic COVID 19 which has
influence the tourism practices very badly which in turn directly influence the operational
execution of cafes. This is so because COVID 19 epidemic affecting the social and health
living of people which results into increase in number of death cases. Therefore, to deal
with this many of the countries has stop the transport or travelling practices as a result of
which the J+A Cafe is facing a heavier loss due to lack of customer visits to their café.
This in turn not only affecting its profitability but also affecting its capacity to maintain
its employees, as when café doesn’t being able to earn enough capital then it won’t be
able to cover up all the cost or expenses that are required to manage human as well as
other resources of organisation. The main issue that get arises through this circumstances
is that the economy of UK get affected badly as a result of which the J+A Cafe doesn’t
have much fund to cater the remuneration expectation of its employees. This is becoming
a sever issues as when the employees won’t get their compensation over their work, it
become difficult for the J+A Cafe to retain them for longer period of time.
References
Jasmine, C.A., 2019. Impacts of Covid-19 on Company and Efforts to Support
Organization Adaptable. Dr. David F. Rico, PMP, ACP, CSM, pp.67-70.
Toma, M., 2019. Economic Monitor.
Malya, R.R. and Ganti, L., 2014. Is rhythm control better than rate control for new-onset
atrial fibrillation in the emergency department?. Annals of Emergency Medicine, 65(5),
pp.540-542.
Salimian, M.H., 2018. Exploring the Impact of Asymmetrical Interfaces on Presence and
Group Awareness in Mixed Reality Collaborative Environments.
31

Section Four: Activities and timescales
Activities to be carried out during the research project (e.g research,
development and analysis of ideas, writing, data collection, numerical analysis,
tutor meetings, production of final outcome, evaluation, writing the report):
Aims and objective
Research methodology
Literature review
Data collection
Data analysis
Conclusion and recommendations
Final submission
How long this will take:
2 days
5 days
7 days
10 days
13 days
8 days
3 days
Gantt Chart :
It is graphical presentation of set of activities that will be performed within an investigation along with
time taken by each of them. This is a tool which support an investigator in performing activities involve in
research in systematic and sequential manner so that desired objectives can be achieved.
32

33

Section Five: Research approach and methodologies
What type of research approach and methodologies are you likely to use and why? What your areas of
research will cover:
Research methodology refers to a framework that provide a detail about number of
approaches, methods and philosophies that will be used for performing an investigation.
The methods or approaches used by investigator for performing this study is mentioned
below:
Research philosophy- It is about the set belief over which the investigation will be
conducted. Among the positivism or interpretivism philosophy, the positivism philosophy
will be taken into consideration which support in analyzing the quantified data in more
systematic manner that help in accomplishment of study.
Research method- It plays a significant role within the outcome of investigation, as
research method revels about the type of data consider as per the issues being addressed
in study. From the qualitative and quantitative method of investigation, to perform this
study quantitative method will eb used which support in gathering numerical facts or
figures which make the information more accurate and authentic.
Research approach- There are mainly two type of approaches used for performing an
investigation such as Deductive and inductive. Among these two deductive approaches
will be used for this study as it go in line with quantitative investigation and help in
analyzing the numerical data in effective manner that further contribute toward extracting
the outcome as per specified aims and objectives.
Source of data- This investigation will be performed by making use of both the
methods such as primary and secondary data collection methods. Among them primary
data will be collected with eth help of questionnaire and on the other side secondary
information will be gathered using published information from online sources where the
view point of several scholars will critically evaluate to get understanding about the area
of study.
Sample method. It refers to the process of selecting number of people to create a
group of respondents out of population that help in presenting information on behalf of
whole population. The sampling is mainly done using probability and non-probability
sampling but for this study the probability sampling method will be used where 10
managers of Blues Café, Leytonstone, London will be taken as respondents.
34

Comments and agreement from tutor
Comments (optional):
I confirm that the project is not work which has been or will be submitted for another qualification and
is appropriate.
Agreed: ________________ (name)_______________ Date ______________
Comments and agreement form project proposal checker( IV sampling)
Comments (Optional):
I confirm that the project is appropriate.
Agreed /Disagree: (Name of the IV) Date
35

Research Ethics approval form
All students conducting research activity that involves human participants or the use of data
collected form human participants are required to gain ethical approval before commencing their
research. Please answer all relevant questions and note that your form may be returned if
incomplete.
For further support and guidance please see your respective Unit Tutor:
Before completing this form, we advise that you discuss your proposed research fully with your
unit tutor. Please complete this form in good time before your research project is due to
commence.
Section 1: Basic details:
Project title: To investigate about the impact of COVID 19 over the human resource remuneration and
compensation practices. A case study J+A Cafe.
Student name:
Student ID number:
Programme:
College Name:
Intended research start date:
Intended research end date:
Section 2 Project summary
Please select all research methods that you plan to use as a part of your project:
1. Interviews No
2. Questionnaires Yes
3. Observations Yes
4. Use of personal records No
5. Data Analysis Yes
6. Action Research No
7. Focus Groups No
8. Others (Please specify) : n/a
36

Section 3: Participants
Please answer the following questions, giving full details where necessary.
Will your research involve human participants? Yes
Who are the participants? Tick all that apply:
Ages 12-16: No Young people aged: 17-18 No Adults: Yes
How will participants be recruited (identified an approached)?
Participants will be recruited through random sampling method
Describe the processes you will use to inform participants about what you are doing:
The participant will be information with the help of email
How will you obtain consent from participants? Will this be written? How will it be made clear to participants
that they may withdraw consent to participate at any time?
The consent of participants will be taken in written with the help of consent form.
Studies involving questionnaires: will participants be given the option of omitting questions that do not wish
to answer?
Yes
If no please explain why below and ensure that you cover any ethical issues arising from this
Studies involving observation: Confirm whether participants will be asked for their informed consent to be
observed.
Yes
Will you debrief participants at the end of their participation (i.e give them a brief explanation of the study)?
37

Yes
Will participants be given information about the findings of your study?(This could be a brief summary of
your findings in general)
Yes
Section 4: Data Storage and Security
Confirm that all personal data will be stored and processed in compliance with the Data Protection Act
(1998)
Yes
Who will have access to the data and personal information?
Only Researcher and tutors
During the research:
Researcher/Supervisor
Where will the data be stored?
Data will be kept stored in USB and Laptop
Will mobile devices such as USB storage and laptops be used
Yes
If Yes, please provide further details:
After the research: the data will be safely disposed
Where will the data be stored?:
USB/Laptop
How long will the data and records be kept for and in what format?
At least six months
38

Will data be kept for use by other researchers? No
Section 5 : Ethical Issues
Are there any particular features of your proposed work, which may raise ethical concerns? If so, please
outline how you will deal with these: N/A
It is important that you demonstrate your awareness of potential risks that may arise because of your
research. Please consider/address all issues that may apply. Ethical concerns may include, but are not
limited to the following :
 Informed consent. Yes
 Potentially vulnerable participants. n/a
 Sensitive topics n/a
 Risk to participants and /or researchers: n/a
 Confidentiality/anonymity: Yes
 Disclosures/ limits to confidentiality: Yes
 Data storage and security, both during and after the research (including transfer, sharing,
encryption, protection). Yes
 Reporting: Yes
 Dissemination and use of your findings: Yes
Section 6: Declaration
I have read, understood and will abide by the institution’s Research and Ethics Policy: Yes
I have discussed the ethical issues relating to my research with my Unit Tutor:
Yes
I confirm that to the best of my knowledge:
The above information is correct, and this is a full description of the ethical issues that may arise in the
course of my research
Name: Date:
Please submit your completed form to your tutor and also attach to the Research Proposal when
submitting to Turnitin.
39