RESEARCH PROPOSAL On Domestic violence

What is the best way to prevent domestic violence? I need a research proposal on the above topic.

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Research Proposal
Name of the Student
Name of the University
Author Note

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Introduction
The domestic violence is such pattern of the behavior in any type of relationship which is
used for gaining or maintaining power and control over and intimate partner. Notably abuse can
be sexual, physical, economic, emotional or psychological threats which can impact on another
person. This consists of any type of behavior which can intimidate, frighten, manipulate, blame
humiliate, hurt or injure someone. The domestic violence can occur to any person of any age,
race, religion, gender or sexual orientation. It can also happen to couples who have been married
with each other, dating together and living together1. The domestic violence leaves impact on
people of all of the social, economic background or educational backgrounds. The domestic
violence management essentially needs the combined effort of the social welfare, the law
enforcement along with the health care services. The aim of the paper is to call attention to the
intimate partner violence prevalence in Jamaica for suggesting some approaches to address and
ultimately eliminate the problem. Significantly in Jamaica, there is iteration of the cultural
acceptance of the intimate partner violence which makes it an extremely contentious issue. There
have been recent discourse among public regarding the effects of domestic violence such as
intimate partner violence on the society of Jamaica which has paved way for enhanced civic
interest in the issue and at the same time has few critics to charge against the successive
governments that have not yet addressed it enough. As per some of the sources, it is found that
Jamaica is lagging behind many of the countries in terms of taking proper action against
domestic violence and violence against women. It is further argued that lack of proper
responsiveness on the state’ part is a huge cause of the consistent abuse on vulnerable women.
1 Roberts, N. and Price, D., 2019. Gendered Perceptions of Domestic Violence: How young
females are more likely than young males to know controlling domestic violence behaviours

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Research Aim
The aim of the research is to explore what is the best way to prevent domestic violence
The research objective
 To explore the types of domestic violence and the impact of each type
 To elaborate what are the factor which induce condition for involving in violence
 To highlight what are the measures which should be taken for preventing domestic
violence
The Literature review
The domestic violence is actually the spousal abuse, a domestic abuse, family violence
battering and IPV or the intimate partner violence which is defined in the form of pattern of the
abusive behavior through one partner against the other relationship as dating, marriage,
cohabitation, family and the like. The alcohol consumption and the mental illness can definitely
become associated with abuse and it can present some additional challenges regarding
elimination of the domestic violence2. The awareness and the documentation of domestic
violence, the perception the people widely from one country to another have evolved from one
array to another. The domestic violence and abuse is not keen to be limited to some obvious
physical violence. It can also mean the criminal coercion, the endangerment, the imprisonment,
kidnapping, stalking, harassment, trespassing and others.
The types of domestic violence
2 Alijani, F., Khosravi, A., Mousavi, M.S. and Delarosa, V., 2019. The associated factors of
Domestic Violence against Infertile Women. Journal of Research Development in Nursing &
Midwifery, 16(2), pp.61-70.

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There are different forms of domestic abuse but the purpose is one that is to maintain
having gained the control over the victim. Usually the users make use of tactics for exerting
power over the partner or spouse as isolation, the humiliation, instrumentation and blame. The
physical abuse is a type of abuse which consists of contact with the aim of delivering the feeling
of pain, intimidation, physical suffering and others. It includes the slapping, hitting, jerking,
punching, burning, cutting and other types which can come out in the physical injury of the
victim forced to engage in alcohol intake against will. The sexual abuse or the marital rape is
common types of domestic violence which consist of threatening the partner or forcing him or
her in participating in sexual activity against will3. The person who is forced for engaging in the
sexual activity against will is an act of violence and aggression. The emotional abuse on the
other hand is also called the psychological abuse which can consist of the humiliation of the
victim publicly or privately having controlled what the victim can and cannot do after
withholding the information from the them and many others. The degradation in any form can
also be considered as a psychological abuse and it also can include the verbal abuse the
undermining of the self worth the self esteem of a person through language and through
threatening a person blatantly.
The impact of domestic violence
There are many types of impacts such as the physical, psychological and the economic.
As far as the physical impacts are concerned, there are broken bones, breezes, internal bleeding,
head injuries and few other acute effects that require the medical supervision along with
hospitalization. There are also some chronic health conditions which have become linked to the
3 Edwards, K. M., Neal, A. M., & Rodenhizer-Stämpfli, K. A. (2017). Domestic violence
prevention. In Preventing crime and violence (pp. 215-227). Springer, Cham.

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victims of domestic violence such as irritable bowel syndrome, arthritis, pelvic pain, ulcer and
others. The victims who are pregnant at the time of domestic violence might experience a greater
risk of pre-term labor, miscarriage or even death. Regarding the psychological impacts, there can
be long lasting post traumatic stress disorder or PTSD. Along with the domestic violence victims
might further experience the long term anxiety, panic and are likely to need some Diagnostic
criteria for the panic disorder or generalized anxiety disorder. The PTSD is further characterized
by the intrusive images, flashbacks, nightmares which can leave impact on their normal social
life for a long time. After leaving the perpetrator the victims can become stunned with the reality
of the abuse which has taken away the autonomy also4. Because of the economic abuse and
isolation usually the victims are left with little money of their own and there is hardly anyone
whom they can rely on and seek for help. It is shown to be the greatest hurdle faced by the
victims who have suffered domestic violence which often keeps them back from leaving the
perpetrator that is far more complicated.
The causes of domestic violence
There are various theories regarding the causes of the domestic violence which consists
of the personality traits, the psychological theory, the mental characteristics along with the
external factors as the environment of the perpetrator, the distress, the family structure, financial
weakness and the like. The psychological theories are concentrated on the personality traits along
with the mental characteristics of the offender which can include the impulse control, sudden
burst of anger, loss of self-esteem. There are also other theories which suggest that the
4 McCarthy, M., Hunt, S. and Milne‐Skillman, K., 2017. ‘I know it was every week, but I can't
be sure if it was every day: Domestic violence and women with learning disabilities. Journal of
applied research in intellectual disabilities, 30(2), pp.269-282.

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personality disorder and psychopathology are factors and incidents of violence faced by the
perpetrator as a child often leads to greater violence done by the perpetrator to another person.
This is the collision which has been found between domestic violence in adulthood and Juvenile
delinquency5. There have been studies on the high incidents of psychopathy among the
perpetrators. Also jealousy and social stress can be reason behind domestic violence. There can
be increased stress when a person stays with the family situation having increased the pressure.
The social stresses because of inadequate finances or some other problems in a family can
further increase the tensions. It can be said that violence is not called always by stress but it can
be away through which some people respond to stress. Sometime this stress is bust out on other
person causing harm and injury. The mental illnesses is another reason based on psychiatric
disorder including the personality disorder, the schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, drug abuse for
impulse-control, alcoholism and many more.
The connection with the socio-economic status
The socio-economic status consists of the income, education along the occupation. It is
used commonly for conceptualizing the social standing of particular individual or the group. In
general science it consists of the people having higher education tend to have higher incomes and
prestigious occupations it is for sure that domestic violence or IPV (intimate partner violence) is
common with all social classes however the social economic status definitely increases the risk
along with the severity. As compared to the male counterparts, the women having lower end of
the social economic status victimize in a disproportionate manner by the intimate partner. It is
5 Carlson, M.L., Wittrup, E., Moylan, C.A. and Ortiz, D.V., 2019. A Good Call?: Contextual
Factors Influencing Mandated Reporting in Domestic Violence Programs. Journal of Family
Violence, pp.1-10.

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found that the incident of battering the spouse occurs mainly among unemployed or marginalized
men6. It is found that couples who experience high financial strain are three times more likely to
undergo cases of IPV than couples having low financial strength. Women also having no formal
education are on the other hand six times more likely to report about the cases of IPV
victimization than women who are educated and independent.
Management of the Domestic Violence
There are studies that have found that the response to the domestic violence is combined
between the social service, the law enforcement and the health care. In this platform each entity
has equal role to play because domestic violence has been brought into the public view. In the
historical context the domestic violence has become perceived as the private family matter which
does not need the involvement of criminal justice or government. In the police officers were
quite reluctant in intervening through making an arrest and selected to counsel the couple in that
place and ask one of the counterparts to leave the house for a particular period of time post of the
courts also where quite reluctant in imposing punishment on those who are the perpetrators
because it was perceived as the misdemeanor offence. In this regard it can be said that the
medical professionals can make proper difference in the lives of those people who experience the
abuse. There are many cases of the spousal abuse that are handled by the physicians solely and
do not involve the police. The Healthcare professionals are not found to be meeting this role
having an uneven quality of care and in certain cases there have been misunderstanding
regarding domestic violence. The primary goal of the treatment for offenders engage in domestic
violence is through minimizing that risk of the offender in terms of future domestic violence
6 Woodlock, D., 2017. The abuse of technology in domestic violence and stalking. Violence
against women, 23(5), pp.584-602.

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weather in a new relationship for the previous one. The treatment for the offenders must be
emphasize on the minimization of the risk to the victim and also should become modified having
depended on the history of the offender the criminological needs and the risk of reoffending. It is
further demonstrated that the perpetrators of domestic violence hide themselves under a socially
acceptable façade to not reveal their violent behaviors.
Domestic violence in the context of Jamaica
Being consistent with the literature it is found that in the Jamaican context the lower
education qualification and the lower financial status is connected with the higher prevalence of
the IPV as women have reported against highest prevalence of the IPV victimization having
lower educational qualification and the well status. On the other hand women having low
education entertainment are more likely to face physical and emotional violence than women
who subscribe to the roles of gender such as a green that man should boss in the house and
women should always over the boss in the house and women should always over the partner
even without will7. The woman who has least likely to disclose about violence are found to be
coming from lower educational background and poorest financial status.
The cultural and the social gender norms
The women's cultural acceptance of the subordination usually normalizes the violence
against women and it contributes to the permission of the spousal abuse to. In the contacts of
Jamaica it is found that there is widespread violence against women and who are invented by the
7 Smith, D.E., 2016. Prevalence of intimate partner violence in Jamaica: Implications for
prevention and intervention. International journal of child, youth and family studies, 7(3-4),
pp.343-363.

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patriarchal believes that the male is superior of women and women are incomplete without men.
The man of the house is always sanctioned happily being the head of the household and it is the
duty of the man to keep a woman in the proverbial condition. It is also found that the tradition
believes along with attitudes have further ball stud the acceptance of the domestic violence in
Jamaica which have further allowed the perpetrators to themselves in acts of violence.
Methodology
The research design
The study will be based on what the primary and secondary data collection full stop the
secondary data will be collected through previous research on this field gathering different
aspects through which the topic has been perceived. It will also help in presenting the findings of
previous researches which might open new ways of viewing this issue and solving the social
problem. The primary data will be collected from 4 NGOs in Jamaica who are focused on
helping the victims who have undergone form of domestic violence from their counterparts.
The data collection
The primary data will be collected through conducting online interviews through skype
with one of the personals from each NGO so that they can put light on the way they are working
for resolving this social problem and what the requirements for approving this social issue
forever are. Before conducting the interview, the participants will be informed and the time
period for the online interview will be 20 minutes for each.
The research approach
As a research approach the deductive approach will be used and this is concerned with
the development of hypothesis.
The research philosophy

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As a research philosophy the positivism will be used which we use that the social
phenomena should be studied having use the methods of the natural Sciences. It is the view
regarding the proper methodology of the social science having emphasized on the empirical
observation.
The data analysis
The collected quantitative data will be analysed through the descriptive statistics. The
mean median and mode are the three measures. The collected data recorded through the recorder
will be transformed into the tables, charts for better understanding of the findings. The analysis
of the data will be extremely helpful in highlighting the main points will help in the future
research too.
The ethical consideration
The study will notably follow all of the ethical considerations related with a social
research. The study will be based on indulging in right action in the right time without harming
the privacy or the dignity of the participants. The participants will be given the consent form
before the data collection part in which all the terms and the conditions will be written. They will
always be given the authority and the right to ask questions regarding the study and the names
will be kept hidden according to their requirements.
Timescale
Activities 1st to
3rd
Week
4th to
10th
week
11th to
13th
Week
14th to
17th
Week
18th to
21st
Week
22nd
to 23rd
Week
24th
Week
Selection of the topic 

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Data collection from
secondary sources
 
Creating layout 
Literature review   
Analysis and
interpretation of
collected data
  
Findings of the data  
Conclusion of the study 
Formation of draft  
Submission of final
work


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References
Alijani, F., Khosravi, A., Mousavi, M.S. and Delarosa, V., 2019. The associated factors of
Domestic Violence against Infertile Women. Journal of Research Development in Nursing &
Midwifery, 16(2), pp.61-70.
Carlson, M.L., Wittrup, E., Moylan, C.A. and Ortiz, D.V., 2019. A Good Call?: Contextual
Factors Influencing Mandated Reporting in Domestic Violence Programs. Journal of Family
Violence, pp.1-10.
Choudhry, S. and Herring, J., 2017. Righting domestic violence. In Marital Rights (pp. 71-96).
Routledge.
Edwards, K. M., Neal, A. M., & Rodenhizer-Stämpfli, K. A. (2017). Domestic violence
prevention. In Preventing crime and violence (pp. 215-227). Springer, Cham.
McCarthy, M., Hunt, S. and Milne‐Skillman, K., 2017. ‘I know it was every week, but I can't be
sure if it was every day: Domestic violence and women with learning disabilities. Journal of
applied research in intellectual disabilities, 30(2), pp.269-282.
Roberts, N. and Price, D., 2019. Gendered Perceptions of Domestic Violence: How young
females are more likely than young males to know controlling domestic violence behaviours.
Smith, D.E., 2016. Prevalence of intimate partner violence in Jamaica: Implications for
prevention and intervention. International journal of child, youth and family studies, 7(3-4),
pp.343-363.
Woodlock, D., 2017. The abuse of technology in domestic violence and stalking. Violence
against women, 23(5), pp.584-602.