The Impact of Mega Sport Events

This assignment examines the multifaceted effects of mega sport events like the Olympics. It delves into their economic contributions, measured by factors such as GDP growth and tourism revenue (as illustrated in Illustration 1 about the London 2012 Olympics). The analysis also considers the social impacts, including community building through volunteering and event legacy. Furthermore, it touches upon environmental concerns associated with hosting these large-scale events.

RESEARCH
PROPOSAL
(A primary study on the volunteer motivations
of mega sporting events in the UK. )

Table of Contents
TITLE: ............................................................................................................................................1
CHAPTER 1 : INTRODUCTION...................................................................................................1
Over view of the research ......................................................................................................1
Background of the Study .......................................................................................................2
Research Aim.........................................................................................................................2
Research Objectives ..............................................................................................................3
Research Questions................................................................................................................3
Time Scale ...........................................................................................................................4
CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW .....................................................................................6
2.1 The sporting events as a major attraction for people.......................................................6
2.2 The influence of volunteer motivation on sporting events. ............................................7
2.3 The essential measures that are taken by government to motivate individuals for
volunteering in mega sporting events.....................................................................................8
2.4 The key factors that are essential for proper management of mega sporting events with
UK..........................................................................................................................................9
CHAPTER 3: RESEARCH METHODOLOGY ..........................................................................10
Introduction .........................................................................................................................10
Types of investigation .........................................................................................................10
Research Design...................................................................................................................10
Research Philosophy............................................................................................................11
Research Approaches...........................................................................................................11
Source of data collection......................................................................................................11
Ethical Consideration...........................................................................................................12
BIBLIOGRAPHY ........................................................................................................................13

TITLE:
A primary study on the volunteer motivations of mega sporting events in the UK.
CHAPTER 1 : INTRODUCTION
Over view of the research
Gibson, H.J., Kaplanidou, K. and Kang, S.J., 2012. Small-scale event sport tourism: A case study
in sustainable tourism. Sport management review, 15(2), pp.160-170.
The scholars have suggested that small scale sport events can be considered as a
sustainable form of tourism development for communities. The major purpose of this study is to
examine the sex small-scale sports events and the work of a local sports commission in the
context of the three essential aspects such as economic, social and environmental aspects. Sports
can be considered as an essential element for people and nation, as it helps in creating awareness
among people about the physical fitness. Sports consist to be a combination of all form of
competitive physical activities or games that are essential to organize or enhance physical skills
and ability through rendering enjoyment to participants or in some situations, entertainment for
percipient (Chelladurai and Kerwin, 2017). Volunteers in sport plays crucial role in providing
various opportunities for sports participations for themselves and others. Essential sport events
can bring vitality to a community. There considerable various economic advantage through
visitors spending, developed community profile and different job creation. In all national and
international mega sport events the presence and active participation of volunteers refers the
success and growth of event. A multi sport event is also described as well planned sporting event
which is often organized over multiple days. The most essential component in sporting event is
to providing competition in various sports in between organised teams of athletes who are
belongs to different nations and states. In this modern scenario people are very much concern
about the games and events and people are taking effective participation in mega sports events in
respect to build an efficient image in-front of people and whole universe. Athletes are
representative of any state or nation, they are concern on winning the battle as to gaining proud
for country. Sports events are beneficial for county and its growth as large number of people are
attracted towards various field of sports and spending a huge amount in watching the matches. In
United Kingdom, government is concern on arraigning various sports evenest in respect to
creating awareness about the importance of sports events for growth and development of
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country. Sports can also be considered as an essential elements for attaining high growth and
success for nation. The united Kingdom has been awarded or is constricting to hold a wide
number of essential international sporting events during the year of 2010's leading to an idea of a
Golden Decade in British sport. There are various factors that create an event a mega event such
as visitors attraction, costs or transformative impact and mediated reach (Smith and et. al., 2014).
Sports events are beneficial for gaining attraction of visitors as large number of people are come
through various areas and nations as to spending time in various sports events. In the field of
sports motivation is required as it plays effective role in encouraging players and atheists to
contribute their vast efforts in building an effective image of country. Visitors attraction is
beneficial for country and its growth.
Background of the Study
United Kingdom is among the worlds largest economies and it has a very good reputation
of conducting big sports events in the country. Some of the major events that took place within
the country were Fifa world cup, Olympics, commonwealth games etc. The ultimate goal of any
country in conducting these sports events were to showcase their capabilities of managing such
big events and it also helps economy of the nation in various ways (Hoye and et. al., 2015). The
small and medium commercial establishments will get various benefits because of such sports
events and yet another benefit includes demonstration of culture of the country on international
level. The mega sporting events and its impact on GDP of country is quite common. The
economy tend to grow because of such events as there will be more sales of various products and
services within the economy because of an increase in foreign visitors. Also it is quite likely that
the country will get the same kind of sporting events again in the future if it is conducted
properly on the first time and thus it be beneficial for the country that such event is managed
properly that will give a message around the world regarding the capabilities of that particular
country.
Research Aim
This is a predetermined statement which helps in conducting a research project and also
helps in defining the major issue on which research has been conducted in effective and efficient
manner. The essential aim of this particular research is A primary study on the volunteer
motivations of mega sporting events in the UK.
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Research Objectives
This is the most essential part of research project as it helps in providing a clear direction
to the researcher to carry out the whole research work in right direction (Shank and Lyberger,
2014). This section is effective in simplifying the elements that are involved in the research aim.
Some essential research objectives are described as under:
 To evaluating sporting events as a major attraction for people.
 To determine the influence of volunteer motivation on sporting events.
 To analyse the measures that are taken by government to motivate individuals for
volunteering in mega sporting events.
 To identify the key factors that are essential for proper management of mega sporting
events with UK.
Research Questions
This section helps in conducting the part of literature review in effective and efficient
manner. Research questions that are interlinked with research objectives are described as under.
 How to evaluate the sporting events as a major attraction for people ?
 How to determine the influence of volunteer motivation on sporting events?
 What are the essential measures that are taken by government to motivate individuals for
volunteering in mega sporting events?
 What are the key factors that are essential for proper management of mega sporting
events with UK?
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Time Scale
4

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CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1 The sporting events as a major attraction for people.
Gratton, C., Shibli, S. and Coleman, R., 2006. The economic impact of major sports events: a
review of ten events in the UK. The Sociological Review, 54(2_suppl), pp.41-58.
As per the opinion of authors over the recent decades there has been a marked contrast
among the discussion over the economic influence of the major sports events in North America
on the one hand and most of the rest of the globe. In the recent decades, the effectiveness
acquired through sport around the population has developed considerably due to higher relevance
of the heath and fitness in the daily routine as well as to a large number of sporting events are
conducted by cities as to gaining the attraction of sports tourist.
It is essential to understand volunteering and sport as distinct but often related forms of
leisure, both of that tend to be thought of as being freely taken element in. these two are socially
embedded components and as such are subject to a range of external impact, involving
appropriate changes in the time available and values. Sport tourists are considered as the people
who are taking participation in the activities of sports during their holidays, and it can be
classified among three major parts like participants of the event, attendance of the event and
sports lovers who are travel as to taking effective participation in the sports. Thus sporting events
have become an essential attraction for the large number of people or sports lovers. Sports events
provide a great opportunity to the destinations as to enhancing the attraction of tourists, this
create value in developing the economic condition of a country. In the recent year people are
very much attracted towards sports events as these are most entertaining in nature and also
effective for developing the health condition of firm. For an example there are various elements
which can be considered as the major attraction of people towards the sports events such as worlf
cup, the Olympics, the Darker Rally, The world of handball, tennis tournaments, the formula 1
world, the RBS Six Nations Rugby, the final of Champions League football, the FIFA
Confederations cup, the Tour de France and the Tour Spain, Swimming world championships or
the Euro-basket etc.
Various Major sporting events is a very crucial opportunity for any country to represent
itself on world podium (Gibson, Kaplanidou and Kang, 2012). If a country gets an opportunity to
host these mega sporting events like Football world cup, commonwealth games etc. It brings that
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particular country in the centre stage and people who was not aware of the country will come to
know about it and its culture. It has a very positive impact on the overall economy of the country
as well because the tourism within the country increases and people would be much keen to
arrive in that country to participate in such mega sporting events. As per the views of Mark
Hanrahan, 2016, When there will be more people who will come to watch these events it will
going to benefit the various commercial establishment within the country like, a company
providing sports equipments to players will see a boost in sales, various other small merchants
within the city, where the event is taking place will be able to showcase their culture to foreign
visitors and therefore will be able to sell them their products and services which is another
beneficial stuff for the economy as a whole. Some of the Macro economic benefits of such
events include recognition of the country on international forum, Country will be able to
showcase its capabilities of conducting large sports Events within the country this will give that
country a preference next time when the host country will be chosen for conduction of the event.
(Source : London Olympic, Impact on UK's GDP, 2012)
2.2 The influence of volunteer motivation on sporting events.
Lee, C.K., Reisinger, Y., Kim, M.J. and Yoon, S.M., 2014. The influence of volunteer
motivation on satisfaction, attitudes, and support for a mega-event. International Journal of
Hospitality Management, 40, pp.37-48.
This research has been done on the volunteer support for mega-events, in the research authors
argued that volunteers has an effective connection with motivation. The small investigation
provides an effective understanding about the specific characteristics and experience of
individuals who are taking appropriate decision to put their efforts to the volunteer at mega-
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Illustration 1: London Olympic 2012, Impact on UK's GDP

sporting events, eventually in the Olympic games. Volunteering is consist as the great way to
enhance personal as well as professional skills, these skills involves culture awareness,
creativity, problem solving and teamwork.
Volunteers are a crucial element of sport services delivery and an essential component of
the Olympic Games culture. As per the views expressed by Rajdeep Chakraborti and Sweta
Singh, 2014, sports volunteers performs a vast role in the success and growth of the essential
sporting events. Mega Sports events have a considerable impact on people within the economy.
It fills individuals with enthusiasm to participate in events either as a sportsperson or a spectator.
For a sports person of the domestic country it brings a lot of opportunity to represent himself on
the international stage. The Enrolment of sports person for the 2012 Olympic games in London
had increased considerably as there was an opportunity for these players to showcase there talent
in front of international audience. As laid down by Leonardo Zhukovsk. There was an increase in
the sale of tickets and online booking of various games during Olympic. These mega sporting
events plays a very crucial role for small commercial business as they see an increase in their
sales because of this particular event. The level of enthusiasm was quite high during such event
people were seen motivating their players in different kinds of styles like painting their face by
Colour of the flag of their country, and taking flags in their hands (DICkSON and et. al., 2013).
They also cheered them up by singing songs within the stadium so that players remain motivated
throughout the game and it also created a healthy sporting environment within the country as a
whole which further boosted the enthusiasm among people of the country.
2.3 The essential measures that are taken by government to motivate individuals for
volunteering in mega sporting events
DICkSON, T.J., Darcy, S., EDwARDS, D. and TERwIEL, F.A., 2015. Sport mega-event
volunteers' motivations and postevent intention to volunteer: The Sydney World Masters Games,
2009. Event Management, 19(2), pp.227-245.
As per the views of Dickson Tracey, 2015 government plays a significant role to
motivate different individuals who voluntarily take part in various sport activities. Government
invest huge amount of capital in order to provide various types of facilities to the sport person in
UK. Government provide different types of accommodation to sports person so that they can
perform effectively in various sports activities which is organise at different level. There are
different types of facilities provided by government describe below:
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Provide training coaches: Government appoint training coaches which are related to different
sports activities in order to conduct effective training to pots person (Barron and Rihova, 2011).
Provide appropriate diet: This initiative steps taken by government to provide appropriate
balance diet in order to maintain physical fitness of sportsperson.
Organise awareness programmes: Government organises different awareness programmes in
order to encourage various youth to take part in different sports activities.
Provide tools of different tools for different sports activities: Government provides different
types of tools which are used in performing different types of sports activities. In order to
perform different types of activities government provide new and innovative tools and
techniques in order to perform different types of sports activities in effective manner.
Provide appropriate funds to perform sports event: Government provide appropriate funds in
order to organise different types of mega sports event in order to accomplish in effective manner.
Government also appoints personnel official in order to monitor performance of sports person
who take part in mega sports activities.
2.4 The key factors that are essential for proper management of mega sporting events with UK.
Fourie, J. and Santana-Gallego, M., 2011. The impact of mega-sport events on tourist
arrivals. Tourism management, 32(6), pp.1364-1370.
As per the views of Giuseppe Vito, Alessandra Sorrentini, David Di Palma, Vincenzo
Raiola, Maria Tabouras , 2016 Government of UK plays an important role in order to perform
different sports activities. Government take various initiative steps in order to accomplish
different types of sports event in effective manner. Government of UK provide large ground with
collaborative efforts of different sports organisation to organise mega sports event. Government
of UK implement different types of methods in order to accomplish different types of sports
activities in effective manner. It appoints different personnel in order to monitor different types
of activities which are concerned with various sports activities. Government of UK provide
appropriate funds which helps to organise various types of sports activities (Lee and et. al.,
2014). It determine various issues which are arises during organisation of sports event and
implement effective solution by which it can be resolve in short time periods. It also determine
the strength, weaknesses, opportunities and threats of mega sports activities by which all
functions of sports activities can be performed in stipulated time period. Government of UK
implement different types of new and innovative technology in order to perform various
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processes of mega sports activities. These tools and techniques aids in attaining goals and
objectives of mega sports activities. It helps accomplish all function of sports activities in
effective manner.
CHAPTER 3: RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
Introduction
It is the tools by which different types of research experiment are being carried out in
proper manner. It is concerned with the methods which are being involved in accomplishing
researcher (Alexander, Kim and Kim, 2015). These methodology deals about different
surveys,publishing of experiment. There are different types of techniques which are used n
performing various types of experiment like theoretical model, phase and quantitative processes.
Researcher consider theoretical techniques because it give qualitative research by which
outcome can be determine in effective manner.
Types of investigation
There are various types of research procedure which aids investigator in order to perform
various types of experiment by researcher. The research methods are divided into two different
parts like qualitative research and quantitative research. Qualitative research solve the theoretical
part of research venture. The outcomes are in form of hypothesis, surveys, and theories through
which researcher can easily understand the outcomes. It is also consider by the researcher. The
Quantitative research methods is deals the numerical part of research venture (Ramchandani and
Coleman, 2012). It only give the approx values of different facts and figures which are achieved
by the researcher. The present research is based on qualitative research as in this data has been
gathered through qualitative means of data and information. This method is effective in drawing
relevant and appropriate outcome for the research work.
Research Design
Research design is basically a framework for conducting a research project. It lays down
the objectives, data collection as well as the method of analysis, time , costs, responsibility etc.
There are three main types of research design descriptive, casual and experimental research
design. For this project the researcher has taken descriptive research design because of the fact
that this is a qualitative research. This tools is effective in gathering appropriate information in
respect to completion of the work in limited period of time.
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Research Philosophy
It is the philosophy which has been chosen for the purpose of research. It is concerned
with source, nature and development of knowledge. There are two type of Research philosophy
interpretivism and positivism. In this research Interpretivism approach is being chosen as it gives
qualitative report and it is very helping for researcher to analyse the data at various different
stages (Weed and et. al., 2012). In this researcher tries to analyse the perception of volunteers as
to gaining all relevant information about the research work.
Research Approaches
This approaches is related with evaluating of various objectives of data which are in
numerical formate. It aids to researcher to evaluate numerical formate of experiment as well as
theoretical formate of research. There are two types of research approaches such as inductive
research approaches and deductive research approaches. The researcher considered inductive
research approaches because it give qualitative outcomes.
Source of data collection
Data can be refers as the qualitative and quantitative values of a variable. Information is
plural of data point that literally means to give or something given. Data can be described as a
lowest form of information through which various measurements and analysis can be completed.
In a research project data can be gathered through primary and secondary source as these
methods are most effective in accumulating appropriate data and information of carry out t5he
research work in effective manner (Kerwin and et. al., 2015). Data can be found in the form of
figures, images, facts, thoughts and ideas. In this current research project both the techniques are
used in respect to gathering appropriate information for reaching at final result and outcome. In
the present research work data has been gathered through questionnaire and in this major
targeted people are volunteers who are taking effective participation in the mega sports events.
Data and information has been collected through personal contacts as I requested to the
volunteers to provide appropriate information in regards to the event and this provide help me in
completion of the work within the specified period of time. The essential approach behind
selecting the method of questionnaire is that it is less cost and time consuming tool also also
helps in gathering proper information about the research work. As the researcher is having less
time for completion of the work and it is hard to gather information through conducting
interviews as in this personal interaction is needed and this is time consuming in nature. So in the
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specified research work data has been collected through using the method of questionnaire.
Questionnaire is filled by the 30 volunteers who are considered to be the part of mega sporting
events.
Ethical Consideration
It is a very crucial part of any research project. The main aim of this is to put moral
responsibilities on the shoulders of researcher to conduct the research in the most ethical way
possible. A researcher usually faces many problems while conducting the research which needs
to be addressed by him. It includes the time and budget in which research should be conducted.
The availability of resources should be there for proper conduct of research. The researcher come
across various personal data while conducting a research, it is his responsibility that such data
should not be leaked and it should not made available to any third party. It is his responsibility to
keep the data secure and personal.
Gibson, H.J., Kaplanidou, K. and Kang, S.J., 2012. Small-scale event sport tourism: A case study
in sustainable tourism. Sport management review, 15(2), pp.160-170.
Gratton, C., Shibli, S. and Coleman, R., 2006. The economic impact of major sports events: a
review of ten events in the UK. The Sociological Review, 54(2_suppl), pp.41-58.
Lee, C.K., Reisinger, Y., Kim, M.J. and Yoon, S.M., 2014. The influence of volunteer
motivation on satisfaction, attitudes, and support for a mega-event. International Journal of
Hospitality Management, 40, pp.37-48.
DICkSON, T.J., Darcy, S., EDwARDS, D. and TERwIEL, F.A., 2015. Sport mega-event
volunteers' motivations and postevent intention to volunteer: The Sydney World Masters Games,
2009. Event Management, 19(2), pp.227-245.
Fourie, J. and Santana-Gallego, M., 2011. The impact of mega-sport events on tourist
arrivals. Tourism management, 32(6), pp.1364-1370.
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BIBLIOGRAPHY
Books and Journals
Gibson, H. J., Kaplanidou, K. and Kang, S. J., 2012. Small-scale event sport tourism: A case
study in sustainable tourism. Sport management review. 15(2). pp.160-170.
Gratton, C., Shibli, S. and Coleman, R., 2006. The economic impact of major sports events: a
review of ten events in the UK. The Sociological Review, 54(2_suppl), pp.41-58.
Lee, C. K., Reisinger, Y., Kim, M. J. and Yoon, S. M., 2014. The influence of volunteer
motivation on satisfaction, attitudes, and support for a mega-event. International
Journal of Hospitality Management. 40. pp.37-48.
DICkSON, T. J., Darcy, S., EDwARDS, D. and TERwIEL, F. A., 2015. Sport mega-event
volunteers' motivations and postevent intention to volunteer: The Sydney World
Masters Games, 2009. Event Management. 19(2). pp.227-245.
Fourie, J. and Santana-Gallego, M., 2011. The impact of mega-sport events on tourist arrivals.
Tourism management. 32(6). pp.1364-1370.
Alexander, A., Kim, S. B. and Kim, D. Y., 2015. Segmenting volunteers by motivation in the
2012 London Olympic Games. Tourism Management. 47. pp.1-10.
Barron, P. and Rihova, I., 2011. Motivation to volunteer: a case study of the Edinburgh
International Magic Festival. International Journal of Event and Festival Management.
2(3). pp.202-217.
Chelladurai, P. and Kerwin, S., 2017. Human resource management in sport and recreation.
Human Kinetics.
DICkSON, T. J., and et. al., 2013. It's all about the games! 2010 Vancouver Olympic and
Paralympic winter games volunteers. Event Management. 17(1). pp.77-92.
Gibson, H. J., Kaplanidou, K. and Kang, S. J., 2012. Small-scale event sport tourism: A case
study in sustainable tourism. Sport management review. 15(2). pp.160-170.
Hoye, R., and et. al., 2015. Sport management: principles and applications. Routledge.
Kerwin, S., and et. al., 2015. Exploring sense of community among small-scale sport event
volunteers. European Sport Management Quarterly. 15(1). pp.77-92.
Lee, C. K., and et. al., 2014. The influence of volunteer motivation on satisfaction, attitudes, and
support for a mega-event. International Journal of Hospitality Management. 40. pp.37-
48.
Ramchandani, G. M. and Coleman, R. J., 2012. The inspirational effects of three major sport
events. International Journal of Event and Festival Management. 3(3). pp.257-271.
Shank, M. D. and Lyberger, M. R., 2014. Sports marketing: A strategic perspective. Routledge.
Smith, K. A., and et. al., 2014. Event volunteering: International perspectives on the event
volunteering experience. Routledge.
Weed, M., and et. al., 2012. Developing a physical activity legacy from the London 2012
Olympic and Paralympic Games: a policy-led systematic review. Perspectives in public
health. 132(2). pp.75-80.
Online
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Vito, G., Sorrentini, A., 2016. Success Factors on Which to Invest in Mega Sport Events: Lessons
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